tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24419543224567910262024-03-13T06:06:02.854-04:00Eastern Kentucky and the Civil WarMarlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.comBlogger82125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-20594255452927745152023-07-18T14:53:00.003-04:002023-07-18T15:46:48.171-04:00Nancy Jane Duncan - Female Rebel Spy<p>June of 1862 saw a marked change in policy how Union authorities in Kentucky dealt with Confederate sympathizers. On May 27, 1862, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton appointed Brigadier General Jeremiah T. Boyle as the new military commander of Kentucky. Boyle assumed his position on June 1, 1862. His predecessors had followed more conciliatory measures whereas Boyle believed “There are many so-called Union men in Kentucky who still cling to a hope of reconciliation and believe in a policy of leniency. I believe in subjugation--complete subjugation by hard and vigorous dealing with traitors and treason. Any other policy I beg to say in my opinion will be ruinous to us in Kentucky.” </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFXE46FKdDYC5VftF5OnnBsQCGXPWxdcmLuYUhj2IGm9FMVmVQpy9PW6H18EZKDNpXBOpjdNo7qJbgA-4xYr_KmzdczG_eG4YHJ8nXsZUEdo8GIMYBGryQgXb7ApDHpwklwbaMY70bn065XjqlaVVSrSZGeTRPfLRd7LtQNxY4r2DOot8jUKvq59etlLLB/s350/Gen-jboyle,%20Wikipedia.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="256" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFXE46FKdDYC5VftF5OnnBsQCGXPWxdcmLuYUhj2IGm9FMVmVQpy9PW6H18EZKDNpXBOpjdNo7qJbgA-4xYr_KmzdczG_eG4YHJ8nXsZUEdo8GIMYBGryQgXb7ApDHpwklwbaMY70bn065XjqlaVVSrSZGeTRPfLRd7LtQNxY4r2DOot8jUKvq59etlLLB/s320/Gen-jboyle,%20Wikipedia.jpg" width="234" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Brigadier General Jeremiah T. Boyle<br />Source: Wikipedia</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>After James A. Garfield's departure in early spring of 1862, Colonel Jonathan Cranor had taken command of the Union troops in Eastern Kentucky. After the Battle of Middle Creek, Garfield had implemented a policy of kindness. Before he left the Big Sandy Valley, Garfield instructed Cranor to see to the protection of citizens' rights and persons. He stressed that, "While all force and rebellion against the Government must promptly be put down, it must also be remembered that the people in this valley are to live together as fellow-citizens and neighbors after the war is over. All that we can do to inaugurate peace and concord among them while the army is here should be done." However, Cranor believed in sterner methods and found in Boyle a commander who was much more aligned with his own personal views. Thus began a series of arrests that would continue throughout the summer of 1862.</p><p>Although the majority of detainees were men, Boyle also began targeting suspected rebel women who showed their loyalty to the Confederate cause either as vocal supporters, spies, smugglers, guerrillas, or even as soldiers. While military authorities discounted women's activities at first as insignificant they soon began to realize the potential damage these women could cause. Up to this point, women had taken full advantage of the code of chivalry that called for women to be protected and cherished which generally shielded them from closer scrutiny and arrest. Incarcerating women was considered barbarous and publicly condemned by many. However, a defiant Boyle declared, "The women think they will rule Kentucky but I will show them they can't do it while I am military governor." </p><p>Cynthia Stewart was the wife of Johnson County attorney James E. Stewart who was a political prisoner at Camp Chase since his arrest shortly after the Battle of Middle Creek. She was living in Catlettsburg when Union authorities began monitoring her letters she was writing to her husband for any contraband news. It angered her that her private correspondence would be exposed so publicly and read by so many, to the point that she felt like giving up writing letters altogether. On July 2, 1862, Cynthia noted in one of her letters that, "there was a lady arrested here & sent to prison this week I did not know her sent to Louisville." </p><p>The lady in question was Nancy Jane Duncan who first appeared in Eastern Kentucky on June 5, 1862, when she traveled up the Ohio River on board the Steamer Izetta and landed at Catlettsburg. According to the porter of the boat, "she had Seven heavy trunks on board, three of which were unloaded or put off here with her, and the other four were by her direction put off at Ceredo."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0bNen8Ey3FFIa7eZWDAmYm7mXMoqaeACTchek9FUw1C0Nwb4uAiHa_Yst3QN9E66A-x2bgj43BTOmZitBglGQE0m-Q6kpzkD-S3ra1o366OrQf8bAl_iJ06QetcAqPGwpzdlGF-mBRjZHs0DeN0nrJFvRKAwxfueEK_8CQEwGD2T2YuBvUEKE-3zmP_2p/s1133/Izetta%20Ad,%20Gallipolis%20Journal,%201862-06-05.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1133" data-original-width="691" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0bNen8Ey3FFIa7eZWDAmYm7mXMoqaeACTchek9FUw1C0Nwb4uAiHa_Yst3QN9E66A-x2bgj43BTOmZitBglGQE0m-Q6kpzkD-S3ra1o366OrQf8bAl_iJ06QetcAqPGwpzdlGF-mBRjZHs0DeN0nrJFvRKAwxfueEK_8CQEwGD2T2YuBvUEKE-3zmP_2p/s320/Izetta%20Ad,%20Gallipolis%20Journal,%201862-06-05.jpg" width="195" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gallipolis Journal, June 5, 1862</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>According to local informants, Mrs. Duncan passed through Catlettsburg, "pretending that she was trying to get to Carter county. Her movements excited suspicion at the time. She had several trunks very heavily laden with what is pretty well understood to be arms for the guerrillas in Morgan county." Provost Marshal Captain Matchett, 40th OVI, noted, "None of this baggage was inspected that I know of ~ It is very probably that the trunks contained Revolvers and Gun Caps and Cartridges."</p><div>It wasn't an unreasonable assumption, considering that other women had smuggled similar contraband across enemy lines. Women found creative ways to accomplish their objective, including concealing articles in coffins. It is unknown who the intended recipients of Nancy Jane Duncan's trunks were. As a note of interest, just a few miles above Ceredo, at Holderby's Landing, lived Sarah J. Stewart, wife of James Stewart, who had two sons in the Confederate army. At some point, Mrs. Stewart and her friend Mrs. Miller had gone through the lines into Kentucky, at Catlettsburg, in order to secure medicine to be sent by sympathizers into "Dixie." Both women were arrested as spies and held for some time, pending investigation. It was only through the efforts of a family friend, Dr. J. D. Kincaid, that the women were released. </div><div><br /></div><div>Nancy Jane Duncan did not linger at Catlettsburg. According to Provost Marshal Matchett she was closely watched after she left town with the remaining three trunks, "and her conduct was such as to satisfy people of her mission." The most likely mode of travel would have been one of the steamboats that plied up and down the Big Sandy River. The first stop on her journey was Cassville, in Wayne County, Virginia (now West Virginia), a small town situated right across the river from Louisa, Kentucky, a Union strong hold. At Cassville, she met and was welcomed by the families of James Stone, David Mitchell and Washington Ratliff. She boarded with James Stone whose wife Nancy maintained a hotel in town. Stone was a merchant and had come under suspicion of being a Southern sympathizer very early on in the War. Nancy Jane Duncan may have been a relative. (Stone was the s/o Ezekiel Stone & Edith Elizabeth Duncan) </div><div><br /></div><div><div>His close neighbors were David Mitchell, who operated a saddler shop, and Washington Ratliff who owned a small farm. While at Cassville, Nancy Jane Duncan seemed to have struck up friendships with James Stone's daughter Miss Edea Stone, as well as Miss Marey Mitchell, David Mitchells daughter and Miss Nancy Ann Ratliff, Washington Ratliff's daughter. It is unclear how much time Nancy Jane Duncan spent in Cassville. Still carrying one or more of her heavy trunks, it is very likely that she enlisted the help of a trusted companion to convey them to Morgan County either by wagon or pack mule. Considering the circumstances, it was a dangerous mission to travel alone, especially as a woman. When she left town, she crossed the Big Sandy River by ferry and into Louisa. </div><div><br /></div><div>Nancy Jane Duncan did not remain in town any longer than necessary in order to avoid drawing too much attention to her person and was soon on her way to Morgan County. The most logical way for her to travel would have been on the road to Blaine, which is present-day KY Rt. 32. However, her presence did not escape the attention of Union authorities who may have been alerted about her in advance. She later noted, "they followed Me from Louisa to take My bagig but as they Dideant overtake Me the first Day they turned back." Her journey would have taken her past the house of Claibourne Swetnam, another well-known Confederate sympathizer, where she may have spent the night. Over the years Swetnam welcomed many travelers in his home, which would also include CSA General Humphrey Marshall just nine months later. </div></div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7UnXt34sae9Q0OmuceTA3Poq_YCisTJl_95UPHMSCJe8jcifZlS-EccsBuyVtLrTmy-2rk1NMSR7zbgD_FmMozZFMNnOHQakhJss8p971EG4RoYXMZJKen_T-DdVNRE9u8Lxe2h2IfQFjyWW84_2tentYRrDwRZ4UKl4gadafdBe9QMJ5Wthmihftr8_4" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="244" data-original-width="343" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7UnXt34sae9Q0OmuceTA3Poq_YCisTJl_95UPHMSCJe8jcifZlS-EccsBuyVtLrTmy-2rk1NMSR7zbgD_FmMozZFMNnOHQakhJss8p971EG4RoYXMZJKen_T-DdVNRE9u8Lxe2h2IfQFjyWW84_2tentYRrDwRZ4UKl4gadafdBe9QMJ5Wthmihftr8_4" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Claibourne Swetnam House, Blaine, Kentucky<br />Source: Marlitta H. Perkins Collection</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div>From Blaine, Nancy Jane Dunan's route continued on the main road to West Liberty, passing by Sagraves Mill to the junction with the Paintsville road. A few miles further another road forked off, leading through a mountain gap (near present-day Isonville) and up Newcombe Creek. A small bridle path leading from Kendall Branch connected Newcombe with the Middle Fork of Little Sandy River. It was somewhere in this area where Wood Lawn post office was located and where Nancy Jane Duncan's contact person William Green resided. Wood Lawn's post-master was Lewis Kendall whose brother Jesse, the former post-master, was now serving in the Confederate Army. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMxDINrPT20HS_EYT0WJ7ic-b2zTg8ipByrxr9MmdnEiSQBzshpF1VRhWGgx0ulfOjc8znqUe6x6p_28kz5S0kRL_D9RDYD3brq3HN8F5gmtNa9DFg54kx-uvUvd2xGXAR2aJA2bz9Rrc4koFOVVcQVb2Zj8gcI7ZpZZwlfT-mF2hBz63TDuof4FtE3nrA/s4692/Postmasters,%20Woodlawn,%20Morgan%20County,%20KY,%201860s.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3868" data-original-width="4692" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMxDINrPT20HS_EYT0WJ7ic-b2zTg8ipByrxr9MmdnEiSQBzshpF1VRhWGgx0ulfOjc8znqUe6x6p_28kz5S0kRL_D9RDYD3brq3HN8F5gmtNa9DFg54kx-uvUvd2xGXAR2aJA2bz9Rrc4koFOVVcQVb2Zj8gcI7ZpZZwlfT-mF2hBz63TDuof4FtE3nrA/s320/Postmasters,%20Woodlawn,%20Morgan%20County,%20KY,%201860s.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Morgan County Postmasters, 1850s and 1860s</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div>William Green was, in all likelihood, William Wellington Green, Sr. His wife was Sarah "Sallie" Hutchinson. William's grandmother was Jael Ellen Duncan before she married Samuel Stallard II. Again, it is possible that Nancy Jane Duncan was related to her host. She addressed him as "brother" but it may not have been meant literally but more figuratively, as in "brother in arms." </div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>If Nancy Jane Duncan was, indeed, carrying military supplies in her trunks as was suspected, it stands to reason that they may have been intended for Fields' Company of Partisan Rangers. At the time of her visit to the Middle Fork/Newcombe Creek area, the unit was in the early stages of formation in Morgan and Carter Counties. The commander was William Jason Fields (b. 1819, s/o James Anderson Fields & Elizabeth Maness) who was serving his fourth term as Carter County sheriff when the Civil War began. He subsequently joined the 5th KY Infantry (CS) and served as 2nd Lieutenant of Company G. After resigning his commission in 1862, he returned to Eastern Kentucky and began recruiting Fields' Rangers. His 1st cousin Preston Fields (son of William Jason Fields (1790) and Anna Creech (1801)) would serve in Fields' Rangers. He was married to William W. and Sallie Green's daughter Minerva since January 15, 1860. </div><div><br /></div><div>Other family members of William W. Green had ties to Fields' unit as well. William's sister Almeda was married to John Wesley Sparks, who, with his brother Hugh Sparks, served under Fields. Two of William Wellington Green's nephews, William M. and Francis Marion Green, sons of Robert Kilgore Green, were also members. </div><div><br /></div><div>While in Morgan County, Nancy Jane Duncan was able to briefly reunite with her daughters Lisey and Louisa who were living temporarily with William Green and his family. She found the girls, "all Well and harty and Doing Well." It was her hope to take them home with her on her next trip to Kentucky three months later. After visiting for a short while with her children and the Greens, Nancy Jane Duncan took her leave and returned to Catlettsburg, where she arrived on Saturday evening, June 28, 1862. It appears that she had a pre-arranged meeting with someone in town that may have been related to her business in Kentucky. She later mentioned that she was successful in meeting the appointment.</div><div><br /></div><div>The following morning, after writing a letter to her friends in Cassville, Nancy Jane Duncan attended church services in Catlettsburg. Afterwards, she spent the afternoon writing a letter to William Green in Morgan County. She then took the letters to the post office and deposited them. Her plan was to leave Catlettsburg by boat that same evening in direction Cincinnati/Louisville. "A moment before she started she was surrounded at her hotel by several well known Sympathizers and was conversing rapidly ~" Matchett's spies were nearby, but "Only a few broken sentences however were overheard by my unsuspicicious eaves dropper - and, not enough to amount to prooff against her."</div><div><br /></div><div>Matchett's trip to the post office, however, proved to be more successful. Her letters were retrieved and opened. Combined with several reports he had received about Nancy Jane Duncan's activities, Matchett felt confident that he had enough evidence to arrest her before she would be able to board a steam boat and leave town. </div></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0O9T9Q3lE7PJ-mu_-ood7kJRehwNHhltTKDT9g_tDoWf731KrUsKrsErv8TvmmPfisxdYugueeSfAJ-nRWflk6NOgkZo6QSk0TPW3r4t_stRbvV6WfH6zz8xI-ZqPQ8F09W74e4Xw3ma--3kvu4f8z85zxK3pMADeS_cRIRQRn0w52xfwtzqNp_1MV0Zl/s1600/Duncan,%20Nancy%20Jane%20(6).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="955" data-original-width="1600" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0O9T9Q3lE7PJ-mu_-ood7kJRehwNHhltTKDT9g_tDoWf731KrUsKrsErv8TvmmPfisxdYugueeSfAJ-nRWflk6NOgkZo6QSk0TPW3r4t_stRbvV6WfH6zz8xI-ZqPQ8F09W74e4Xw3ma--3kvu4f8z85zxK3pMADeS_cRIRQRn0w52xfwtzqNp_1MV0Zl/s320/Duncan,%20Nancy%20Jane%20(6).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nancy Jane Duncan's letter to Morgan County, Kentucky</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-SNkH3oJnvI3q-KPS0kMd_xpqZFMU9WimQd0wUwPxoqFoj2PzaCfzHToYlDNXFHItUZP25hQc3QBvTRc-gw4_M_6m45LGdggurDzmghdmzGcz39jMBUWmaCkbusgNj_zbHhyeuJ7qI-GIwXovCPWHV9AwocjPlVGTD4G_OQnbUDD1GjT7WgS2GaBUf-5t/s1600/Duncan,%20Nancy%20Jane%20(4).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="940" data-original-width="1600" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-SNkH3oJnvI3q-KPS0kMd_xpqZFMU9WimQd0wUwPxoqFoj2PzaCfzHToYlDNXFHItUZP25hQc3QBvTRc-gw4_M_6m45LGdggurDzmghdmzGcz39jMBUWmaCkbusgNj_zbHhyeuJ7qI-GIwXovCPWHV9AwocjPlVGTD4G_OQnbUDD1GjT7WgS2GaBUf-5t/s320/Duncan,%20Nancy%20Jane%20(4).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nancy Jane Duncan's letter to Cassville, Virginia</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><div>The next morning, Monday, June 30, 1862, Nancy Jane Duncan was sent off to Louisville as a prisoner. In his letter to Louisville Provost Marshal Lt. Colonel Henry Dent, Matchett stated, "Being at a loss for proper instruction I send for your apprehension Mrs Nancy Jane Duncan to gather with two letters written by her and dropped in the Post Office of this place yesterday evening and by me extracted therefrom and opened. All thes(e) things however taken in connection with several reports not necessary to detail here and those letters taken from the P.O., which she acknowledges she wrote - and which I herewith forward to you justifies me I think in apprehending her, and pursuing the course I have taken."</div><div><br /></div><div>Her arrest was mentioned in a number of papers, including the Louisville Daily Democrat, July 10, 1862 and the Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, July 12, 1862.</div></div><div><br /></div>At this point, due to the lack of records, we lose track of Nancy Jane Duncan. The earliest prison record, Louisville Prison Register No. 1, begins in November of 1862. Names of citizens who were arrested were excluded from the register and kept separately and have not been located. <div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlfEWpEvuIj085rG3_eAiQ-WDTGn8oWvxvlBrLJtgvijXe97c-_LnrJTHchakzJ6WpZN0lZW2k0Jj3rwyAmp3JJvAVhwrLZ0Eu0eH7ig6Er4xf0g1V52048TUhD32Isx_e-XcOkwUscm7GUe7CirCxiO2f3c1GLkxZmTzAPblaLaF9KCXxvP2ZNicVrKhe" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="396" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlfEWpEvuIj085rG3_eAiQ-WDTGn8oWvxvlBrLJtgvijXe97c-_LnrJTHchakzJ6WpZN0lZW2k0Jj3rwyAmp3JJvAVhwrLZ0Eu0eH7ig6Er4xf0g1V52048TUhD32Isx_e-XcOkwUscm7GUe7CirCxiO2f3c1GLkxZmTzAPblaLaF9KCXxvP2ZNicVrKhe" width="193" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Louisville Prison Register No. 1</span></td></tr></tbody></table>At first, some female prisoners were put up in hotels, under guard. Others were taken to Barracks No. 2, a facility which normally served as a camp for paroled US soldiers. It was located on Main between Seventh and Eighth Streets. Due to the increase in numbers of female prisoners, General Boyle issued instructions on July 1, 1862, to the Provost Marshals throughout Kentucky "to fit up quarters for the imprisonment of such disloyal females" as they might find it necessary to arrest. </div><div><br /></div><div>Accordingly, Union authorities in Louisville took over a large house, situated between 12th and 13th Streets, at the corner of 13th and Broadway, and converted it into a military prison for women. It was within walking distance of the regular Military Prison, the Refugee Home, the Crittenden US General Hospital and a few blocks from the L & N. Railroad Depot.</div><div><br /><div>The two-story building was described as a "good dwelling-house, well ventilated and dry." The grounds surrounding the house were spacious and shaded with fruit and ornamental trees. The women were allowed the full freedom of the grounds which were enclosed by a fence. The gate was guarded by a sentry on duty at that post. The women were supplied army rations, "yet prepared in such a manner as to render them palatable even to the delicate." The rooms were modestly furnished and contained on an average three double beds. The quarters were considered "airy, comfortable, and healthy." The sick were taken care of in two of the rooms in the back part of the building. In some cases, the incarcerated women were accompanied by their children. </div></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0-lUWboVTlhfm04h-0y1jj-9jZjf4lh38NhRKPxgaWso19jStiOSNDn820KL9_Zd6rXbBds8Xst0moqtLzoF-onGRpwLc88jB0OIaJRJcNY2eNbgO3tiEcQuwLzSkjYhyYiaomYgRgtMbuwx_GggA2j9oSnZkJV0a5bUsWDsGbFmk3wEAXC1J0pO6cewu/s808/Louisville%20Map%201865,%20woman's%20prison%20area.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="808" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0-lUWboVTlhfm04h-0y1jj-9jZjf4lh38NhRKPxgaWso19jStiOSNDn820KL9_Zd6rXbBds8Xst0moqtLzoF-onGRpwLc88jB0OIaJRJcNY2eNbgO3tiEcQuwLzSkjYhyYiaomYgRgtMbuwx_GggA2j9oSnZkJV0a5bUsWDsGbFmk3wEAXC1J0pO6cewu/s320/Louisville%20Map%201865,%20woman's%20prison%20area.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1865 map of Louisville. Red shaded area indicates the general <br />vicinity where the Female Military Prison was located. <br />Map Source: <a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2008621650/" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">LOC</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://historiclouisville.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/8/3/18836192/barracks-and-350-bed-crittenden-hospital-15th-and-broadway-treated-wounded-from-the-civil-war-theresa-g-white-on-facebook_orig.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="505" data-original-width="800" height="202" src="https://historiclouisville.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/8/3/18836192/barracks-and-350-bed-crittenden-hospital-15th-and-broadway-treated-wounded-from-the-civil-war-theresa-g-white-on-facebook_orig.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Barracks near Crittenden US General Hospital, Broadway and 15th<br />Source:<a href="https://historiclouisville.weebly.com/civil-war-louisville.html" target="_blank"> Historic Photos of Louisville Kentucky and Environs</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><div><div><div>In general, women prisoners were given several choices, depending on the severity of the charges:</div><div>- take the oath of allegiance and return home</div><div>- be jailed</div><div>- be exiled to Confederate lines, not to return for the duration of the war</div><div>- be released north of the Ohio River, not to return for the duration of the war</div><div><br /></div><div>In absence of any type of records, it is difficult to determine which choice Nancy Jane Duncan made or what fate she and her children met. Her true identity has remained a mystery as she he may have operated under an assumed name. It is possible that further research may yet uncover a direct family connection between her and the Stone as well as the Green families. This is an on-going project and family researchers are encouraged to contact me with any additional information that may shed more light on Nancy Jane Duncan or the families she was involved with. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><i style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, January/July 2023. Copyright © 2023. All Rights Reserved.</i></div><div> <br /></div></div></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #274e13;">Links of Interest</span></b></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2008621650/" target="_blank">Louisville and its Defences</a>, 1865 map</b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Source: LOC</b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2023/01/the-ruin-of-cassville-history-of.html" target="_blank">The Ruin of Cassville - History of a Virginia Bordertown During the Civil War</a></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Source: Eastern Kentucky and the Civil War</b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><br /></b></span></div></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-87643591938683718592023-01-28T10:50:00.002-05:002023-01-28T11:35:36.115-05:00The Ruin of Cassville - History of a Virginia Bordertown during the Civil War<p> At the time of its creation Cassville was located in Wayne County, Virginia. Today, the town is part of West Virginia and is known as Fort Gay. It was laid out on a 15 acre parcel of land that is situated at the Forks of Big Sandy. After the state won a lawsuit against the original land owners in 1847, the property was turned over to Frederick Moore, a well-to-do merchant in Wayne County who had come to the area from Philadelphia about 1815. He lived in the first house below the proposed town of Cassville. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjaYBFWWEEKkBOM6-T8GLkR6bUcDcKFOrYLhAuOREOOP_Sg5KadDGjF8iFsNMMRYF3r6uv2lRIbzxGuX5SfBAA31qGlCVAWCP251unrAoSpEdDtq6JLEVjdE_5fc1u-zKnuQxSEOUbLeFHi6_RFx5zsmdj34HWMCT1PBz2aR9FSZoMul9wZBLYNA7JzQ/s864/Frederick%20Moore.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="728" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjaYBFWWEEKkBOM6-T8GLkR6bUcDcKFOrYLhAuOREOOP_Sg5KadDGjF8iFsNMMRYF3r6uv2lRIbzxGuX5SfBAA31qGlCVAWCP251unrAoSpEdDtq6JLEVjdE_5fc1u-zKnuQxSEOUbLeFHi6_RFx5zsmdj34HWMCT1PBz2aR9FSZoMul9wZBLYNA7JzQ/w338-h400/Frederick%20Moore.jpg" width="338" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Frederick Moore<br />Image: Collection of author</td></tr></tbody></table><div>Moore divided the land into lots and streets. Most of the streets were named after US presidents, with the exception of Front Street which faced the river and Wayne Street which was the direct route from the ferry landing in Cassville to Trout's Hill, the county seat. The ferry, operated by George R. Miller, connected Cassville with Louisa, the county seat of Lawrence County, Kentucky, and landed at the end of Main Street. <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhigIEwet-nEZqBgv_C_FM4cfwFP2jny6CwqwAjBA3uDSUUQOejk9797ST78SWeKdQexbE5OuKgOW2L_Hi3RMMaxKCriGSYe7XjVjJzuTZZzPXXAi-0EsGxsWZgM9MUV0IdkB7-MNLXSC7_tI_5kIWqIf9LmozPIzu6tBSvXlMULTUL0_hrggKp6E-YJw/s1911/Wayne%20Co.%20WV%20DB%20D%20477,%20Cassville%20Plat%20Map,%20large.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1911" data-original-width="1875" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhigIEwet-nEZqBgv_C_FM4cfwFP2jny6CwqwAjBA3uDSUUQOejk9797ST78SWeKdQexbE5OuKgOW2L_Hi3RMMaxKCriGSYe7XjVjJzuTZZzPXXAi-0EsGxsWZgM9MUV0IdkB7-MNLXSC7_tI_5kIWqIf9LmozPIzu6tBSvXlMULTUL0_hrggKp6E-YJw/w393-h400/Wayne%20Co.%20WV%20DB%20D%20477,%20Cassville%20Plat%20Map,%20large.jpg" width="393" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plat Map of Cassville, Virginia, Sept. 2, 1856</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The first lots in Cassville were sold in 1850. Lot No. 1 with the Ferry House was first owned by Minville Thompson. </p><p>Lot No. 2 was bought by John Ferguson, Sr. in 1851. In 1852, William Ferguson, Sr. purchased the neighboring Lot No. 3. Both Ferguson lots were listed with "enclosed buildings." The same year, John Ferguson sold Lot No. 2 to William Ferguson, noting "house and lot where they (John and wife Margaretha) now live." By 1879, Lots No. 1, 2 and 3 were known as the old Henry Property. </p><p>In 1851, James Ferguson purchased lot No. 4 from Moore, "laid out for Ferguson, upon which he has erected buildings." By 1854, the lot had reverted back to Moore who in turn sold it to John Bromley. </p><p>Elias "Aly" Thompson lived on lot No. 5. A store building was fronting Wayne Street. On the back part of the lot was Thompson's home which became known as "Aly Thompson's House." Thompson also owned neighboring Lot No. 6.</p><p>No. 7 was known as the "Mitchel lot", likely named after David Mitchell & wife Melvina, who ran a saddler shop.</p><p>In 1854, Frederick Moore sold Lots No. 9 & 10 to James Stone. He also owned Lot No. 11. Stone was a merchant. Based on the records, he operated his store on Lot No. 9. This lot was later known as the "grocery lot." His wife Nancy ran a hotel on Lot No. 10. Their residence was on Lot No. 11. In addition to being a businessman, Stone held the office of judge in 1861. In October of 1861, his name appeared on a list of suspected Confederate sympathizers.</p><p>Lots No. 15 & 16 were purchased by William Vinson from Frederick Moore. The exact date is unknown since Moore failed to make a deed (an oversight that was corrected in 1873 by his widow Permelia). </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjvdo33Re5MT57D3sPk3FSX-oWglIS6CvVKUbMw2HL9kMKHUHMFp-7BXzQb4OMVMOzu8meBjLAceSV-3x42LFE7vbb2xrcT3fcFCJQWk-ZUnBEYnfjjdTiFOuNdwWGfPJK2T6NzNqP5RjsK_BsJtM6VsfyCxHwO8ujoem1ZQImDFyqZ_9_bx63hNhQtA/s864/Permelia%20VanHorn%20Moore.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="648" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjvdo33Re5MT57D3sPk3FSX-oWglIS6CvVKUbMw2HL9kMKHUHMFp-7BXzQb4OMVMOzu8meBjLAceSV-3x42LFE7vbb2xrcT3fcFCJQWk-ZUnBEYnfjjdTiFOuNdwWGfPJK2T6NzNqP5RjsK_BsJtM6VsfyCxHwO8ujoem1ZQImDFyqZ_9_bx63hNhQtA/w300-h400/Permelia%20VanHorn%20Moore.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Permelia VanHorn Moore<br />Image: Collection of author</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Some of the remaining lots still owned by Moore had in all likelihood houses, stores, etc. built on them and may have been rented out. Based on the 1860 Cassville, Virginia census, Lot No. 6 may have been where Martin Frasher, a merchant, kept his store. Lot No. 12 was most likely occupied by Washington Ratliff who was a direct neighbor of James Stone. Lot 13 and/or 14 may have been the location of Stephen M. Marcum's blacksmith shop. He also worked as a gunsmith. Martin Coffman was the town's carpenter. It is not clear where his business may have been located but it was near the business section on Wayne Street. Harmon Loar, a prolific businessman, also called Cassville home. His business dealings included shipping agricultural products for area farmers to markets on the Ohio River via the Big Sandy. In return, many of the area families relied on Harmon's suppliers for many of the farm tools and luxury items they needed. So far, the exact location of the homes of these Cassville residents remains unknown.</p><p>On September 7, 1855, the first Post Office in town opened and was named Fort Gay. The first postmaster was William Ferguson who held the office until March 12, 1857. He was replaced by Richard F. Vinson who served until July 29, 1857. Andrew Eves was the next postmaster who served for two years until August 4, 1859 when George F. Ratliff took over the office. He was replaced by Ezekiel Stone on November 28, 1859, who was postmaster until February 3, 1860 when the post-office was discontinued. Ezekiel Stone may have been either the father or son of James Stone, so it is very likely that the post office was located either in his store or hotel.</p><p>When the Civil War began, active recruiting began almost immediately after the first shots were fired at Fort Sumpter. The political climate in Cassville and the town's immediate neighborhood was overwhelmingly Southern. There were some Union supporters such as Frederick Moore whose son Laban T. Moore was a lawyer and politician who represented Kentucky in the Thirty-sixth Congress until March 1861. He helped raise the first Union infantry regiment in the Big Sandy Valley, the 14th Kentucky Infantry, and served as the regiment's first Colonel. </p><p>William Vinson, the oldest son of James Vinson, was an extensive farmer and saw log dealer. When the Civil War began, it was said that, "he with alacrity flew to the standard of his country, and gave valuable assistance in filling the ranks of the 14th KY, and while not able to do personal service in the field, he was a good loyal Union man until the war closed." It was not uncommon, however, that political divisions existed even within communities and even families. Vinson's younger brother Lazarus "Lace" Vinson joined the Southern cause and served in Swan's Battalion. Stephen M. Marcum's son Thomas Damron Marcum joined the 14th Kentucky Infantry and soon rose to the rank of Captain of Company K, while another son, William W. Marcum, joined the 8th VA Cavalry. Stephen M. Marcum's cousin Jack Marcum also joined the Confederates and soon managed to make a notorious reputation for himself.</p><p>One of the earliest Wayne County units was the Fairview Rifles, commanded by James M. Cornes, which later became Co. K, 8th Virginia Cavalry (CS). One of the Fairview Rifles members was Cassville resident James F. Anderson, a timberman who boarded with Harmon Loar. Anderson later became Captain of Company K, 16th VA Cavalry. </p><p>A number of area residents joined the 8th Virginia Cavalry (CS): Thomas Short (s/o Nora/Nary); Ezekiel Stone, Moses and William M. Stone (s/o James); William M. Marcum (s/o Stephen M.); Lewis and Nathan H. Frasher (sons of John L.); John Walker.</p><p>In no time at all Cassville became a hotbed of activity. Some of the recruits made forays into Kentucky which at the time was neutral. An eyewitness recalled how in May of 1861, a small party of rebels on recruiting duty were encamped at Cassville. "Every day for about a week a squad of six to ten would come over to Louisa, mounted, and ride through the principal streets of the town. They were in citizen's clothing. At other times we would see one or two around town on foot. They did not appear to be armed, unless with sidearms." </p><p>In the summer of 1861, it was reported that several mails had been robbed in the counties along the Kentucky and Virginia line, "by men, who came from Virginia, across the line, for that purpose." One such incident took place on Wednesday, August 21, 1861, when the mail from Louisa to Warfield, via Cassville (VA), was robbed. Nathan Holt, a wealthy Wayne Co. VA farmer and one of the first local constables, was the mail contractor. The mail boy, his 17 year old son Bernard P. Holt, had left Warfield at 6 o'clock in the morning with the mail and was travelling on the Virginia side of the Big Sandy River toward Cassville. About 5 o'clock in the evening, when within 1 1/2 miles of town, Bernard noticed two men, Alex. Vinson and John Walker, on the roadside waiting for him. The boy was knocked off his horse by Vinson and Walker who swore that they were going to have that Lincoln mail. Bernard Holt engaged in a fight with Walker while Vinson cut the mailbag and took out and destroyed all the mail matter, and then took the horse from the boy. Both men left together</p><p>Bernard P. Holt alerted the citizens who made pursuit and captured Vinson about three miles from the place of the robbery. He was brought back to Cassville, and had a hearing before Justice James Stone, who held him over for further trial. Vinson was then put in the custody of Constable Bow, who summoned two citizens as guards to watch Vinson through the night. He however made his escape before morning. The Sandy Valley Advocate noted, "He and Walker are now at large. From what we can learn, all the officers were secessionists, as well as the guard, and therefore do not wonder at the escape of the prisoner."</p><p>In early September 1861, two companies of the Fifth Virginia Infantry, under the command of Major Ralph Olmstead, came to Cassville and remained for some two or three weeks, recruiting up Tug River. On September 28, 1861, according to John Frew Stewart, "When on their return, Major Olmstead bringing up the rear, they stopped at the Fred Moore, Sr., house, the first below Cassville. He did not dismount but talked to someone on the porch of the house, when he was shot by the enemy from the graveyard point opposite the house. The ball entered his head back of one ear, coming out just above the eye. He fell from his horse dead." Lieutenant Baisden was mortally wounded and succumbed to his wounds five hours later.</p><p>On October 15, 1861, Co. E, 5th WV Infantry was ordered to Cassville, mainly due to the incidents that had occurred there during the previous month. The men encamped in town on October 16. On October 19, they proceeded to Bromley Ridge and attacked a body of 40 rebels at John Jarrell, Sr.'s homeplace, killing nine, taking nine prisoners and nine guns. From there, the men continued scouting the upper part of Wayne for another two weeks.</p><p>In the fall of 1861, Jack Marcum began recruiting men from Wayne County as well as Lawrence County, Kentucky. He was able to assemble a group of nearly 100 men and began terrorizing Unionists along the Big Sandy River. On December 16, 1861, in consequence of rumors that a superior number of Confederates under Gen. Humphrey Marshall were advancing upon Louisa from Prestonsburg, the 14th KY Infantry retreated from their camp in Louisa and went to Catlettsburg. After the departure of the regiment, Jack Marcum paid Louisa a visit and rode through town accompanied by only one man, "in broad day light, and no one attempting to take him."</p><p>The 14th Kentucky returned to Louisa on December 21, 1861. The following morning, shots were fired from Cassville at the men who were encamped at Camp Wallace. Captain Means noted, "Five of my men were fired on from the Va. side of the river. They were on the Ky side [in the] morning "nobody hurt". five shots were fired - none of my men were armed." </p><p>On December 26th, after finally receiving their guns and equipment, the remaining companies of the 14th Kentucky left Louisa for the mouth of George's Creek to join Garfield's main force on their way to meet Humphrey Marshall's troops. This left Louisa in a vulnerable position. 150 tons of army food were still stored by the river, ready for transportation, but only three companies of infantry were left to protect them. </p><p>J. D. Stubbs related in a letter to Garfield that, “we have intercepted letters which Lead us to believe this place will be attacked from the Virginia side within a day or Two I think that there is a great probability of it we have been ___ the past 2 days and the most reliable Letters think a dash will be made Since our Supplies there must be at least 150 Tons here on the Bank of the River.” Captain Barber's men, 42nd OVI, were encamped just beyond the town limits. Shortly before sunset, a messenger arrived with the news that an attack was expected by a force of 300 men under Jack Marcum. 50 men of Barber's company went down to the river to assist in guarding the government stores but the expected attack was not made and the men spent a miserable night in the courthouse. </p><p>On December 29, 1861, Booker Johnson, a private in Co. F, 14th Kentucky Infantry, was shot at Cassville. The bullet ripped through his right shoulder and left side. George W. Kirk was standing within six feet of Johnson when he was shot. Kirk noted that he pulled a piece of blouse from the wound. Johnson survived the attack. Just one day later, on Dec. 30th, 1861, Jack Marcum came within three miles of the Union lines and murdered a Union man in his own home. </p><p>Garfield detailed Captain Thomas D. Marcum of the 14th Kentucky Infantry to lead scouting parties and encountered Jack Marcum on occasion. Despite the fact that both men were related, “Jack and Thomas have exchanged shots a good many times; both are dreaded by the opposite party," according to Lt. Col. Sheldon, 42d OVI.</p><p>In March 1862, after Colonel Garfield's Campaign against Humphrey Marshall was successfully concluded, Colonel Jonathan Cranor, 40th OVI, became the ranking Union commander in the Big Sandy Valley. His style of managing the district differed considerably from Garfield's who believed in conciliatory policies when dealing with the local population. Cranor preferred handling rebels with a firm hand which made him quickly unpopular. </p><p>In the early summer of 1862, there were rumors or threats of the burning of Cassville, as revealed in a letter by a female Confederate spy who arrived at Cassville by boat with three heavy trunks, suspected of containing weapons and ammunition. She spent some pleasant time with like-minded friends in town before continuing on her journey into Eastern Kentucky. After her return to Catlettsburg on June 29th 1862, she addressed a letter to "to Miss Marey Mitchell Miss Edea Stone Mis Nancy Ann Ratiliff and all the young laidies and Mared [married] ladies and People in Jenerall of Cassvill VA." She wrote, "Deare friends fore as people of Virginia I leave here said and all her people I must call you all friends ... I will bee Back up here in About three Months I think then I Will have some time I hope that Nothing has happend to you all thare I herd that they was A going to burn the town But I hope they Will Not I Will leave here this morning or to Morrow Morning I expect I Will let you here from Me at gaine at My Next Post ... fare Well May godes Love Peace and grace Rest With you all and Keep you from harm My undieing Love fore the people of Virginia"</p><p>Whatever plans may have been in place for the destruction of Cassville, it is quite possible that they originated with Colonel Cranor - or at the very least, he was blamed for them. Shortly after July 18, 1862, when Cranor moved his troops and headquarters from Prestonsburg to Louisa, Kentucky, rumors of an assassination plot against Cranor surfaced. A man named Aldridge was overheard in Cassville making threats against Cranor. According to witnesses, Aldridge devised a plan to assassinate him and, together with James Smith, bought a gun for that very purpose. He hung about the hillsides, watching for Cranor, with the intention of shooting him the first time he came out with his regiment on dress parade. Aldridge's plans, however, never materialized, quite possibly because a large scale Confederate invasion of Kentucky was looming over the state. Cranor would soon have his hands full. Chances are he would be attending to business rather than attending dress parades. </p><p>Humphrey Marshall's troops were at the SW Virginia border, once more threatening the Big Sandy Valley. It was feared he would invade Eastern Kentucky and move toward the Ohio River. By August 2, 1862, Cranor believed that a raid into Southeast Kentucky by Jenkins' cavalry and others was imminent. </p><p>As the situation unfolded, it seems to have stimulated Confederate enlistments in Wayne County and around Cassville. Milton J. Ferguson was recruiting for the 16th Virginia Cavalry. Cassville area men who joined were Ezekiel Stone, (s/o James), with the rank of Sergeant Major; James S. Parks and his sons James and Macajah; Robert Harrison Parks (brother of James S.) and his son Thomas; Lewis Frasher, (s/o John L.) and his uncle Elias Frasher; William Dyer, with the rank of sergeant; William Wellman (s/o James) and his cousins Oliver and William Wellman. </p><p>After the Confederate invasion of Kentucky was in full force, the situation in the Big Sandy Valley became unsustainable for Cranor and his men. On September 18, 1862, he was forced to move his troops from Louisa to Catlettsburg. A trooper in McLaughlin's Squadron reported that the unit's relocation from Louisa was necessary because the town was in danger of being surrounded by Marshall's forces. For the next two months, the Big Sandy Valley was virtually swept clean of Union troops. </p><p>According to reports, by October 19, 1862, the rebels were, "in possession of the portion of Northeast Kentucky embracing the counties of Greenup, Carter, Lawrence, and others to the southward as far as Pike, and are committing depredations upon the property and outrages upon the persons of loyal citizens which call for prompt repression. The forces alluded to--mostly guerrillas--are not understood to be large, not exceeding 500 or 600 at most. Another force of about the same strength, said to belong to Floyd's command, is reported to be at the salt-works on the Big Sandy River above Louisa." </p><p>Colonel Cranor did not return to the Big Sandy Valley with his command until November 14, 1862, when they arrived at Catlettsburg. Cranor wasted no time and moved most of his men to Louisa by November 19, 1862. The 84th Indiana Infantry did not join Cranor's troops until a month later. On December 14, 1862, after traveling the Sandy River pike on the Virginia side, the regiment arrived in the vicinity of Cassville at 8 o'clock in the evening. One of the soldiers noted, "the men, worn out by the forced march, and thinking of dropping down by the roadside caught sight of camp fires of the 40th Ohio, about a mile ahead. The band struck up "Hail Columbia," and in a few moments the boys of the 40th were swarming from their bunks to the bank on the opposite side of the river. As soon as the 84th was identified, it was welcomed with roaring cheers from the camp across the river, who graced it the more warmly as their force was thought to be too weak for the place it garrisoned. Col. Cranor of the 40th, who commanded the Brigade, entertained the field officers and held a jubilee at headquarters. Orders came to the 84th to go into temporary camp until morning and, as fence rails were plenty, a few minutes sufficed to illuminate the camp and to prepare supper."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2QdOTQ5Yg0iCYKScJ8LV3lDGmf-o_OtlgQppTjQhkPyKxmOY8yFDWsimBCFDG_42j1-xukzVN3azMGuJNuGW9_6M0Sadub5oZwvvjUOne03QyR_HWA3ZVChxSxQNrPDQyU2fxf8PHFBYGrYcQG5RFkZRjaY-4NJvAgaS1lOvFl66y11jw95_D2ATPeA/s640/84th_Indiana_Infantry_Regiment,%20Co.%20C.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="640" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2QdOTQ5Yg0iCYKScJ8LV3lDGmf-o_OtlgQppTjQhkPyKxmOY8yFDWsimBCFDG_42j1-xukzVN3azMGuJNuGW9_6M0Sadub5oZwvvjUOne03QyR_HWA3ZVChxSxQNrPDQyU2fxf8PHFBYGrYcQG5RFkZRjaY-4NJvAgaS1lOvFl66y11jw95_D2ATPeA/w400-h265/84th_Indiana_Infantry_Regiment,%20Co.%20C.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">84th Indiana Infantry, Company C<br />Source: Public domain, via <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:84th_Indiana_Infantry_Regiment.jpg" target="_blank">Wikimedia Commons</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div><p>The next morning, like a herd of foundered horses, the men of the 84th were out limping about camp, performing the usual morning duties and surveying the strange country about them. At the head of the regiment was the little town of Cassville, Virginia." "... it was occupied principally by secesh families ... Cranor gave orders for all to leave except two families," noted another soldier.</p><p>"At six o'clock in the morning after our arrival at this God-forsaken portion of America, an order was read to the citizens giving them two hours to vacate the town and move beyond our lines. One family that had furnished a volunteer for the Union army, and a widow with a large family of small children, were the only ones allowed to remain." One can only speculate as to who these two families were that were spared. Stephen M. Marcum's family seems like a logical choice since his son was a captain in the 14th Kentucky and was serving in the Atlanta Campaign during this time. Widow Nary Short may have been the second person whose home was spared from destruction. </p><p>By eight o'clock the town was uninhabited. Then commenced the work of destruction. Cranor "ordered the soldiers to demolish the houses, which was done in double quick." "Every vacated house was torn down except a few reserved for hospital use." "The lumber was used in building bunks, laying floors in tents, etc., etc. At ten o'clock the town was in ruins and the soldiers cosily quartered in a comfortable camp."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7c6H63ICEF23z-POGilUVPKZowRTaBcvBOjM9S-cE9ohu7wuqPv_wL_TejYClBb_MsOlw0Ls97-QkfCmF-bYH9V_pNm6JIYle45ruchQVkSOhQh2DL_YLhZ34jRaZhMWsD5MAOgg8IE-BsCK_GA_1hy00bKzs1lMvIQqxj7DaeYnYNidFYpFOGJ7cMw/s417/New%20Castle%20Courier,%20March%203,%201871,%2084th%20Indiana%20Inf.,%20Cassville.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="417" data-original-width="258" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7c6H63ICEF23z-POGilUVPKZowRTaBcvBOjM9S-cE9ohu7wuqPv_wL_TejYClBb_MsOlw0Ls97-QkfCmF-bYH9V_pNm6JIYle45ruchQVkSOhQh2DL_YLhZ34jRaZhMWsD5MAOgg8IE-BsCK_GA_1hy00bKzs1lMvIQqxj7DaeYnYNidFYpFOGJ7cMw/w248-h400/New%20Castle%20Courier,%20March%203,%201871,%2084th%20Indiana%20Inf.,%20Cassville.png" width="248" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">New Castle Courier, March 3, 1871</td></tr></tbody></table><p>As it turned out, Cassville's destruction was Cranor's last hurrah. He resigned from the 40th OVI on February 5, 1863, on account of disability and accepted a position as Military Claim Agent for the State of Ohio on April 29, 1863. </p><p>The damage Cranor inflicted on the town seems to have been thorough. An 1864 map of Louisa, created by Lt. Col. J. H. Simpson, Corps of Engineers, US, and dated July 1864 to June 1865, shows no trace of Cassville whatsoever, aside for the ferry landing and Wayne Street.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq2qgmc4sJSKelv4moZeouf7Paf51JeBTN_llvOatuVOGXs88x3tyhs-1yifBGEEhIhopDMlvyVG9p2msjunwTfO5i7OiptHJCd1XxalUQAicUPZXFxLvAiejjA4PdlkDy1hqnmZapVJUmBz-vgXzxTUA6hnx29sHxY4j7UjjK4S01IAUDGFbCL4vocg/s772/louisamp.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="772" data-original-width="646" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq2qgmc4sJSKelv4moZeouf7Paf51JeBTN_llvOatuVOGXs88x3tyhs-1yifBGEEhIhopDMlvyVG9p2msjunwTfO5i7OiptHJCd1XxalUQAicUPZXFxLvAiejjA4PdlkDy1hqnmZapVJUmBz-vgXzxTUA6hnx29sHxY4j7UjjK4S01IAUDGFbCL4vocg/w335-h400/louisamp.jpg" width="335" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"> Lt. Col. J. H. Simpson's map </span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>With the exception of James Stone, not much is known about the displaced Cassville families. Stone eventually ended up in Catlettsburg by 1864, from where he sold his Cassville lots No. 9 & 10 to William Bartram. Afterwards, he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio for some time before returning to Cassville after the war. </p><p>In 1864, the town began slowly to struggle back on its feet. The IRS Tax Lists for 1864-1866 show that the first business to return to Cassville were Moore & Rowe in May of 1864, who partnered in a manufacturing business. In November 1864, Bromley & Wellman began working as butchers of cattle until July 1865, when John L. Frasher took over the job. </p><p>In July 1865, Thomas D. Marcum went into the retail business under the name T.D. Marcum & Co. In August 1865, Z. C. Vinson opened a second retail business in Cassville and David Mitchell returned to operate a manufacturing business, most likely his saddle shop. 1865 also saw the return of Harmon and Peter Loar.</p><p>In January 1866, Samuel Short, Jr. bought Lot No. 22, built a two-story dwelling house and opened a retail business. In March 1866, William Bartram established a hotel and in May 1866, Perry, Arnold & Co. opened a retail business. After giving up butchering in 1865, John H. Bromley went into the lumber business in July 1866. In November 1866, Workman & Co. began selling liquor and James Stone finally returned and opened a second hotel in Cassville. Also still in business were T. D. Marcum & Co., Z. C. Vinson and John L. Frasher. </p><p>Despite the progress that had been made, peace did not come easily, especially for Unionists or those who were serving in some official capacity for the new state government of West Virginia. On March 23, 1866, John W. Holt, Assessor of District 2 in Wayne County, wrote a letter to West Virginia Governor Boreman, calling for troops because of continued unrest in town. He noted, "I live and keep my office in Cassville and it is with extreme difficulty and under great danger and hard threats that I am getting along. My entire neighborhood is Reb with the exception of old Squire Bartram and his boys one of which is our high Sheriff and other Capt. Dave which is our Deputy Sheriff. ...We have been beat by mobs and shot at on the streets and desire to help ourselves....We must have from 25 to 50 men here in Cassville or else we must get out of here. This is the landing place for all the lumber men that comes down Tug River. Them big buck Rebbells comes down in time of high water sometimes by the dozens from Logan Co. & from Pike Co. Ky with their __ buckled around them "hurrawing" for Jeff Davis, cussing the government, cursing Union men & then we have to get out. Sir, I frequently see men come in here who are indicted for murder in Kentucky defying any body ... Sir a few days ago they gathered in here and raised a riot with our high Sheriff and fell on him with clubs & weights & tried to kill him and his brother. His brother ran into my house for protection. They stoned my window, knocked two panels out of my door & like to killed my little child. ... If you see fit to protect us send the commitions immediately the men can be raised in a few days ... Sir we have plenty of arms which belongs to the state that can be gathered up."</p><p>On March 9, 1867 the Fort Gay Post Office was re-established, with George W. Adkins as postmaster. By June 1868, the situation in and around Cassville remained unstable. Lt. Col. S.W. Crawford, 2nd US Infantry recommended that a company should be stationed at Cassville because "the whole complexion of things is very different from that existing in the interior of West Virginia." </p><p>Accordingly, on July 4, 1868, Company B, 2nd US Infantry, under the command of Captain Francis E. Lacey, marched from their post at Guyandotte via Wayne Court House, to Cassville, where they arrived on July 5, at 11 o'clock in the morning. During the following four months, Lacey and his men remained at Cassville and played the role of peacekeepers. Their assignment ended in October 1868. </p><p>Peace eventually returned to Cassville and wounds began to heal. Over time the town began to flourish until the 1880s when it was visited by several fires. In May 1883, ten houses were burned. Less than a year later, in February 1884, arson destroyed two hotels, three business houses and several residences. In October 1888, Samuel Short's two-story dwelling house went up in flames.</p><p>173 years later, little is left of Frederick Moore's vision of Cassville. Gone are the ferry and river boats, the hotels and businesses. Only a few of the older buildings remain, keeping the memory of a bygone era alive for just a little while longer.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirDuAeBlfljckii9OMP8aW1T3EJuWqH8vGJ7blDdGn4s5BioDB4WxrzDIoIGA4ZLZHxexMkDaiVrxoitLejBGKweEGMCbO6gItasNh2pciAYofAiP0IWt1_cMOub4UhJ5-H4c5LCdMhwxYLAwj32gBvPOHapSXbZOXk6b-6Y95V-AfAqOtrZi32baESw/s1944/IMG_20221129_111826_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="1944" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirDuAeBlfljckii9OMP8aW1T3EJuWqH8vGJ7blDdGn4s5BioDB4WxrzDIoIGA4ZLZHxexMkDaiVrxoitLejBGKweEGMCbO6gItasNh2pciAYofAiP0IWt1_cMOub4UhJ5-H4c5LCdMhwxYLAwj32gBvPOHapSXbZOXk6b-6Y95V-AfAqOtrZi32baESw/s320/IMG_20221129_111826_HDR.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Empty lot in former Cassville<br />Image by author, November 2022</td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFMHvYe1b6m3gRLspNRWhTxuuQc08uSek-XNujK-7kl-7_dQCSTSeac0f1jzoxsCgZ4enNDmVTz2hRvSh5tfkP-LeTDXB2BGvGIhRiNdziSacSZ9vdchg3TTS3kZn9qfu7KDvF3ae_Bp4PP2OFLDGW8WPzuW4yAiLhfoincb_qIiCixPW43MFolPE1g/s3472/IMG_20221129_111131_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3472" data-original-width="3472" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbFMHvYe1b6m3gRLspNRWhTxuuQc08uSek-XNujK-7kl-7_dQCSTSeac0f1jzoxsCgZ4enNDmVTz2hRvSh5tfkP-LeTDXB2BGvGIhRiNdziSacSZ9vdchg3TTS3kZn9qfu7KDvF3ae_Bp4PP2OFLDGW8WPzuW4yAiLhfoincb_qIiCixPW43MFolPE1g/s320/IMG_20221129_111131_HDR.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Old home in former Cassville<br />Image by author, November 2022</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><b><span style="color: #6aa84f;">A special thank you goes to Angel Thompson whose knowledge of local Cassville/Fort Gay history has been of tremendous help. </span></b></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Links of Interest</b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="color: #38761d;"><b><div><a href="http://files.usgwarchives.net/wv/wayne/military/8.txt" target="_blank">Roster of the 8th Virginia Cavalry</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://files.usgwarchives.net/wv/wayne/military/16.txt" target="_blank">Roster of the 16th Virginia Cavalry</a></div><div><br /></div></b></span></div><div><div><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2012/02/james-aldridge-outlaw-or-avenging-angel.html" target="_blank">James Aldridge - Outlaw or Avenging Angel?</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2013/07/dear-john-hazards-of-mail-delivery.html" target="_blank">Dear John ~ The Hazards of Mail Delivery</a></div><div><br /></div><p><i style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, January 2023. Copyright © 2023, All Rights Reserved.</i></p></div></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-19389830492485030902022-12-30T14:01:00.006-05:002022-12-30T14:41:32.749-05:00The Big Sandy Valley on the Eve of the 1862 Confederate Invasion of Kentucky<p>On June 20, 1862, Confederate General Braxton Bragg replaced Beauregard as commander of the Confederate Army of Mississippi, later renamed the Army of Tennessee. He devised a plan to shift the focus of the war in the Western Theater by invading Kentucky. This became known as the Confederate Heartland Offensive, the Kentucky Campaign and the Confederate Invasion of Kentucky. Once in the state, Bragg planned to combine forces with Lieutenant General Edmund Kirby Smith's forces and move against Buell's Army of the Ohio. </p><p>On August 15, 1862, the first Confederate troops under Scott entered Kentucky near Monticello. The following day, Heth's column passed through Big Creek Gap while Kirby Smith moved through Rogers' Gap. On August 17, Stevenson's division arrived in front of Cumberland Gap which was occupied by federal forces under command of General George W. Morgan. On the evening of the same day, Kirby Smith struck Morgan's line of communications at Barboursville and Cumberland Ford, effectively isolating Cumberland Gap from the outside world. General Humphrey Marshall was still in Abingdon, Virginia, but expected to cross the border into Kentucky at any given time.</p><p>Preceding these movements were reports of increased activity and "a general uprising for the invasion of Kentucky all along the Virginia border." During the first week of August, the Pike County home guards encountered Confederate troops under Moore, Witcher, Menifee and Harmon on three occasions. Citizens were robbed and killed and stores plundered. Eventually, the Home Guards were driven from Piketon. A few days later, a small group of rebels made their way to Prestonsburg and burned some US Government supplies and stole a number of horses from the citizens. On August 16, 1862, according to historian Damian C. Beach, Confederate cavalry repulsed and defeated a unit of Home Guards near Warfield, Lawrence County. </p><p>Marshall finally entered Kentucky on August 19, 1862, through Pound Gap. As the situation in Kentucky quickly became unraveled, rumors were rife. According to newspapers reports, "There is said to be no doubt but that the Confederates intend to take possession of the Big Sandy region, drive the Federal force out, and carry the war to the Ohio border." </p><p>A letter from Camp McClure in Louisa, Kentucky, clearly illustrates the impending danger that Eastern Kentucky was facing during those days of uncertainty in August of 1862. Written by a soldier to the Cincinnati Commercial, it was re-published by the Louisville Courier-Journal on August 21, 1862.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkyFA_sZXE9bjx-XZrIQ8sShuCiKyQ2eQC0-6XUTMKo3UtaRNiOZGJ43bu1XZKNb8R6m-jgV6LB1CJ8NUeOe8fLp0_oDHi0sC8wjowXQpnT_Xk87bCrA2c_qC_XVXfTaqjD13mptr5Hg9TF-DlSOFmz6ioOkI-oRTygyyN6Twxtc5up5f5uVhDfI6luQ/s802/Big%20Sandy%20map%201,%20Campbell%20&%20Barlow,%201861.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="734" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkyFA_sZXE9bjx-XZrIQ8sShuCiKyQ2eQC0-6XUTMKo3UtaRNiOZGJ43bu1XZKNb8R6m-jgV6LB1CJ8NUeOe8fLp0_oDHi0sC8wjowXQpnT_Xk87bCrA2c_qC_XVXfTaqjD13mptr5Hg9TF-DlSOFmz6ioOkI-oRTygyyN6Twxtc5up5f5uVhDfI6luQ/s320/Big%20Sandy%20map%201,%20Campbell%20&%20Barlow,%201861.jpg" width="293" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lower Big Sandy Valley<br />Map by Campbell & Barlow, ca. 1861</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVg6FgqbVTGODD0frAIKGP9-VV-5fPLWEnfbNQe639AkAy4mhlDFu9QNHmLySxX559kysibfOX5oj-OUTsMT8bLMngQr8B3WUpSW4dRA7D1yHghI0NhooW2s8pe2odRKQ5UKLRkeIqH6ArK8qp1ldeFrrQADAAKHJnA9GqJuCl142MMewtfTPx3WBBbA/s1232/Big%20Sandy%20Map%202,%20Campbell%20&%20Barlow,%201861.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1232" data-original-width="1024" height="358" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVg6FgqbVTGODD0frAIKGP9-VV-5fPLWEnfbNQe639AkAy4mhlDFu9QNHmLySxX559kysibfOX5oj-OUTsMT8bLMngQr8B3WUpSW4dRA7D1yHghI0NhooW2s8pe2odRKQ5UKLRkeIqH6ArK8qp1ldeFrrQADAAKHJnA9GqJuCl142MMewtfTPx3WBBbA/w296-h358/Big%20Sandy%20Map%202,%20Campbell%20&%20Barlow,%201861.jpg" width="296" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Upper Big Sandy Valley<br />Map by Campbell & Barlow, ca. 1861<br /><a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/99447350/" target="_blank">Library of Congress</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>THE SITUATION IN NORTHEASTERN KENTUCKY.</p><p>Camp McClure, Louisa, KY., Aug. 16.</p><p>A word in reference to the excitement in Eastern Kentucky, caused by the threats of the secesh to "wipe us out in the Sandy Valley, and follow it up by the invasion of Ohio." Is there reason to fear the execution of these threats? I will give a little of what we know of their proceedings, and let you judge.</p><p>A few days since, fifty of the 4th Virginia V. L., in charge of their Major, were recruiting, seventy miles above here, on Tug Fork, and while leisurely eating dinner, disarmed, were fired upon by two hundred mounted rebels. ** They seized their arms, and fought for half an hour, when the Major, with two privates, fell, mortally wounded. By this time the little party, being nearly surrounded and overpowered by numbers, saw their doom if they did not fight their way out. So, with one determined effort, most of them made their escape, leaving but few taken prisoners. Being rapidly pursued, they scattered, every one for his own safety. In the course of a few days, twenty-six of them had wandered into our camp, bringing one severely wounded.</p><p>The 200 guerrillas are the companies that so terrified that part of Kentucky by stealing and murdering before we drove them out last winter, and have long deserved the fate Strutton met in this last affair. He was Captain of one of the companies, and was not only killed, but the "Devil of the Mountains," Witcher, Captain of the other company, was severely, and though to be dangerously wounded.</p><p>At about the time of this engagement two or three other rebel companies came down the other fork of Sandy to Piketon, took possession of the town, not, however, without some considerable resistance from the Home Guards, who gave them a war on reception from the bushes, killing and wounding several; but their number was so small they were compelled to retreat to the rocks and caves. They were not satisfied with the appropriation of everything, belonging to Union citizens, but had the daring impudence to come down to Prestonsburg and burn all the provisions we had not yet moved from there. The loss was but small, as the stuff had been condemned.</p><p>The guerrillas are making great efforts at recruiting men, but secure many by telling them they will be sent to Richmond if they don't enlist, and that they will not be allowed to stay at home as long as they can carry a gun.</p><p>Captain Ford *, of the Home Guards, above Piketon, has just arrived with the news that Col. Williams's regiment of 700 mounted men had also crossed the mountain, and have now taken up quarters in Piketon, not, however, without first giving him a call, and that too with a volley of musketry which told him and his squad to skedaddle for their lines. The Captain was exposed to a perfect shower of bullets for one-fourth of a mile, some of them hitting his horse and saddle, but leaving him unhurt. What became of the rest of his men is yet unknown. The Captain is confident, from the number he saw and from the most reliable information, that there is at least one full regiment of mounted rebels.</p><p>This is not all. It is believed, and most reliable accounts lead to the conclusion, that these are only the advanced scouts of Humphrey Marshall's expected large army, with which he has so violently threatened Eastern Kentucky.</p><p>They are now committing more desperate outrages than ever. Beyond the mountains, every man that does not join the army is sent off as a prisoner, and his family driven from whatever possession they have, which is confiscated to "Southern rights." Capt. Ford saw a party of these poor, unfortunate, home-robbed families that had crossed the mountains, seeking a place to keep from starving to death.</p><p>The efforts made to penetrate Kentucky through Cumberland Gap and Pound Gap simultaneously only go to verify their threats of the conquest of Kentucky and the invasion of Ohio. Any one acquainted with the geography of the country through Eastern Kentucky well knows that the Sandy Valley is one of the best natural inlets from Dixie to the Northern States, and that the rebels want no better place than the mountains and hills at the head of Big Sandy to gather and conceal a strength sufficient to annihilate us, and make a march into Ohio in less than three days.</p><p>All we want is more force, especially cavalry, and we will wipe them out so effectually that they never again will want to avenge their defeats at Ivy Mountain, Middle Creek, and Pound Gap. Col. Cranor, having been in this part of Kentucky ever since he led the gallant charge at the battle of Middle Creek, is well acquainted with the hills, roads, and creeks, and the people from here to the mountains. His fighting qualities and good generalship make him well prepared to take command of whatever force is sent here. This is an important item, as our success or defeat depends to a very great extent on a perfect knowledge of the geography of the battle ground. To fight these skulking rascals considerable marching must be done - of this we had experience enough to know we might have accomplished tenfold more had we had a more intimate knowledge of the country.</p><p><i>-Cor. Cin. Com.</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Notes</span></b></p><p>* Pike County Home Guard Captain William Ford later enrolled as Captain in the 39th Kentucky Infantry (US), Company B, on September 2, 1862. He was 41 years old. He died on November 24, 1864, of dysentery, at Lexington, Kentucky.</p><p>** This engagement is known as the Battle of Beech Creek and took place on August 6, 1862.</p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Links of Interest</b></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://pikecountykyhistoricalsociety.com/the-murder-of-peyton-justice/" target="_blank"><b>The Murder of Peyton Justice</b></a><b> </b></div><div style="text-align: left;">Excellent article by Randall Osborne, Pike County Historical Society</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://www.theclio.com/entry/82537" target="_blank"><b>The Battle of Beech Creek, August 6th, 1862</b></a></div><div style="text-align: left;">While on a mission which had previously seen them trek across McDowell and Wyoming counties in West Virginia, a group of Confederate soldiers from Virginia, led by Lieutenant Colonel Vinson A. Witcher, making up the 34th battalion under his command, encountered and clashed with a portion of the 4th West Virginia Union regiment under Major Hall, resulting in a battle. The two groups confronted each other near the Cannaday farm on Beech Creek in what was then Logan County, West Virginia but is now considered Mingo County. During the battle, Witcher's right hand man, the 34th battalion's Major William Straton, was severely wounded in both his right arm and his chest, though he later recovered and was able to rejoin the Confederate army.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div><a href="https://brandonraykirk.com/tag/battle-of-beech-creek/" target="_blank"><b>Major William Straton 34th Battalion Virginia Cavalry</b></a></div><div>By Brandon Ray Kirk</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://wvcivilwar.com/union-regiments/4th-west-virginia-infantry/" target="_blank"><b>4th West Virginia Infantry</b></a></div><div>On the 6th of August, 1862, Major Hall, with a force of forty-eight men, at Beach Creek, near Logan Court House, encountered 200 Confederated mounted infantry, under Colonel Stratton and Major Witcher. The fight was a stubborn one, Major Hall and two enlisted men were killed and twelve wounded. Of the Confederates, Major Witcher was killed; upon the death of their commander the Confederates retreated. In the death of Major Hall, the 4th Regiment suffered a great loss. He was a graduate of West Point, was young, brave, and of course well qualified for all the duties of a soldier.</div><div><br /></div></div><p><a href="https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/1862-union-civil-war-pass-camp-1813538285" target="_blank"><b>Union Civil War Pass for Mrs. G. Vincent, Camp McClure, Louisa, from July 21, 1862 to August 1, 1862.</b></a></p><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i>Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, December 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</i></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-65013136610544636542022-11-26T13:25:00.002-05:002022-11-26T13:56:30.734-05:00An Incident Most Unpleasant - New Year's Eve 1863 in Louisa<p>Throughout the Civil War, Louisa, the county seat of Lawrence County, Kentucky, remained a Union strong-hold and served as base of operations for the military in the Big Sandy Valley. In November of 1862, the town was designated as Headquarters of the District of Eastern Kentucky which comprised the counties of Lewis, Greenup, Carter, Boyd, Lawrence, Johnson, Magoffin, Floyd, and Pike. The military had taken possession of public buildings to house headquarters, provost marshal's office, commissary, hospital, guardhouse, stables &c. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dV-0wt_3YoMNoGGLa4g_l_g8LRUOcDtd4lZruHYmpLyKkTHP0U3ohK5PmPhMq0Qsh17jjATvdex7amJl5QvdRVIXH-JX5mzdCmVi5RG2tCzQBDbKMT2P9ljTlLUjhmDCJQZ4pXbeNMZgk0d_mXQkOVQerlwnX-J2McKttF8oF-DKeog35DATTeUhIw/s400/Louisa%20Aerial%20shot.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="287" data-original-width="400" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dV-0wt_3YoMNoGGLa4g_l_g8LRUOcDtd4lZruHYmpLyKkTHP0U3ohK5PmPhMq0Qsh17jjATvdex7amJl5QvdRVIXH-JX5mzdCmVi5RG2tCzQBDbKMT2P9ljTlLUjhmDCJQZ4pXbeNMZgk0d_mXQkOVQerlwnX-J2McKttF8oF-DKeog35DATTeUhIw/s320/Louisa%20Aerial%20shot.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Louisa, ca. 1906</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In 1860, Louisa was a small town with a population of 258. With the influx of the military, the town was also occupied by many civilians, mostly family members of the soldiers, which caused the population to increase to more than twice its normal number. In some instances, mostly officers, boarded with civilians. It was tight quarters in Louisa but over time the citizens had adjusted to the nearly constant presence of soldiers in their midst. The relationship between military and civil society remained in general peaceful but was not without challenges from time to time. </p><p>On December 31, 1863, the following troops, under command of Col. George W. Gallup, 14th Kentucky Infantry, were stationed at Louisa:</p><p>- 14th Kentucky Infantry, Lieut. Col. Orlando Brown, Jr.</p><p>- 39th Kentucky Infantry, Lieut. Col. David A. Mims.</p><p>It was New Year's Eve and much to the delight of the troops, Major Cook, the paymaster, had made his appearance. A paycheck meant that the soldiers were able to provide for their families, settle their accounts and have some extra pocket change when needed. New recruits also received their bounty (one month's pay in advance, normally paid at muster) and premium due to them. With their pockets full of money, the men celebrated the New Year and, at least temporarily, forgot about the hardships they had endured as of late. The winter of 1863/1864 was especially harsh. The mercury had dropped to zero degrees and the Big Sandy was frozen solid. There were instances of merriment that went overboard and the men, "loved too well to look upon the wine when it is red, and giveth its color in the cup." A few cases of drunkenness were recorded and the offending parties arrested and punished.</p><p>Some of the soldiers were mulling about town when 20 year old Mary Rebecca Layne encountered three of them on Main Cross Street, opposite from the courthouse. As the group was approaching her, she looked at one of them, who then smacked his lips and said "he would like to have a kiss or words to that affect." By 1860s standards, such forward behavior toward a woman in public was frowned upon as vulgar and insulting and certainly considered unbecoming of a soldier and a gentleman. </p><p>Undoubtedly, Mary R. Layne was shocked by the gesture but continued on her way, undeterred, a short distance until she reached the post office. While passing the three soldiers, she quickly slipped inside. Upon entering, she noticed that the soldiers had stopped in front of the building. As luck would have it, an acquaintance, Charley Duncan, a private in the 14th Kentucky Infantry, happened to be in the post office. Mary called on him to ascertain the name of the soldier who had insulted her. Meanwhile, the three soldiers had entered the post office but left rather quickly when they noticed Mary R. Layne talking to Duncan and walked toward the (I.B.) Hutchinson & Carter store nearby. She later testified that, "Charley followed them and Charley told me afterward that the name of the soldier who had insulted me, was George Martin or that was the name of the man I had pointed out whose name I requested him to obtain."</p><p>Mary Rebecca Layne was the daughter of Floyd P. "Dock" Shannon and Elizabeth O'Rourk. Her husband was James Calvin (or better known as JC) Layne, son of Judge Lindsey Layne and Adeline "Edy" Meade. His father and brother Moses Layne famously cast the only two votes for Lincoln in Floyd County in the 1860 presidential elections. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs4fx9_1CDedFY_4KNFCMHbN-_HGye-0W2I6qLi1TSnrvuglUcGNvz0_jcdHpLSGDKuswe8p1ZC2kKhGfEtK35lh7K7zwub7WZHnK4LMz53C2s9OskHC0arjVU-0K82d5stxEd9qyhBG0c_C9yWPhOzkcIZwh74Xf_2AtzewJtznAqq9NKpKp-52YEXA/s310/James%20Calvin%20Layne,%20Mary%20Wilhem%20Hinchman,%20FAG.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="310" data-original-width="250" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs4fx9_1CDedFY_4KNFCMHbN-_HGye-0W2I6qLi1TSnrvuglUcGNvz0_jcdHpLSGDKuswe8p1ZC2kKhGfEtK35lh7K7zwub7WZHnK4LMz53C2s9OskHC0arjVU-0K82d5stxEd9qyhBG0c_C9yWPhOzkcIZwh74Xf_2AtzewJtznAqq9NKpKp-52YEXA/s1600/James%20Calvin%20Layne,%20Mary%20Wilhem%20Hinchman,%20FAG.jpg" width="250" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/21600695/james-calvin-layne" target="_blank">James Calvin Layne</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>At the time of the incident, Mary Rebecca and JC were still considered newly-weds. The couple was married on February 5, 1863, at Dock Shannon's house in Lawrence County, Kentucky. The ceremony was performed by I. B. Hutchinson, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Louisa. Incidentally, he was also part owner of the store Hutchinson & Carter in 1863. </p><p>Mary R. Layne was not going to let the matter rest. On January 4, 1864, she went to see Provost Marshal Lieutenant Joseph D. Powers (Co. K, 39th Kentucky Infantry) at his office in Louisa and filed a formal complaint against Martin. An arrest most likely followed. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi51CIlJOp7x9LfRNT02j54B_8IEhMesRkgxSp8O4p8BAzvLVGLVAZ07RCeIOIQwtiHgbN3jGWJmE9sYxHR6xKSOdl05KZflb1K_XKFqZEutxN01pZ3cnECWjbbEbkb-dBSBccYmMRweJuS2g8Pf-E8mPOC5r4BZjGQYh-uhmdalGi69qam21hGkIFcqg/s1600/Layne,%20Mary%20R%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1019" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi51CIlJOp7x9LfRNT02j54B_8IEhMesRkgxSp8O4p8BAzvLVGLVAZ07RCeIOIQwtiHgbN3jGWJmE9sYxHR6xKSOdl05KZflb1K_XKFqZEutxN01pZ3cnECWjbbEbkb-dBSBccYmMRweJuS2g8Pf-E8mPOC5r4BZjGQYh-uhmdalGi69qam21hGkIFcqg/w255-h400/Layne,%20Mary%20R%20(1).jpg" width="255" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary R. Layne's testimony<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>"<i>Provost Marshal's Office</i><div><i>Louisa, Ky. Jan. 4 1864</i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>This day Mary R. Layne personally appeared before me and made the following statement on oath in case of George Martin, charged with insulting the said Mary R. Layne on the street at Louisa Ky.</i></div><div><i>On Thursday evening last Dec 31st I was going down street and met three soldiers not far from the Post Office. I looked at one of them, and he smacked his lips and said he would like to have a kiss or words to that affect. I went on a few steps, and turned about and went in to the P. O. passing the said three soldiers as I went into the house, they stopped and I called to to Charley Duncan and the three soldiers came in. I told Charley Duncan to ascertain who the soldier was, that had insulted me. the soldiers left and went toward J. B. Hutchinsons store. Charley followed them and Charley told me afterward that the name of the soldier who had insulted me, was George Martin or that was the name of the man I had pointed out whose name I requested him to obtain. and I saw Charly talking to the same soldier who had insulted me, and whom I had pointed out to Charly.</i></div><div><i>Given under my hand the day above written</i></div><div><i>Mary R Layne </i></div><div><i><br /></i></div><div><i>I certify that the above Statement was made before me upon oath at Louisa Ky. on the day above written</i></div><div><i>J. D. Powers Lt.</i></div><div><i>& Prov Mar D E Ky</i>"</div><div><br /></div><div>George Martin was a private in Co. F, 39th Kentucky Infantry. He was one of the regiment's new recruits who had enlisted on August 8, 1863 and mustered in August 30, 1863. Before enlisting in the Union Army, Martin had seen previous military service in the Confederate Army. He was mustered in as private in Captain Adam Martin's Company (later Co. F), Benjamin Caudill's 13th Kentucky Cavalry, on October 14, 1862. By April 30, 1863, George Martin was absent without leave and never came back. As it turned out, Martin also had a wife, Cynthia Caroline Frasure, and four children. The couple had been married since 1855. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7MR8vkmjYZ2RmgLq730qzmS2uf3fVrg7yqEXWghWAHRuMlLroZGiDFHASOrpNYBPdawOFwnyuwBBGh8FTtLnB_145bghc0YguxkTxMY2B7o1DhGKFNMbGNVrKAqwAL5-BY41zHCJhsB2tDzgS5ALykSWzHWVZHM0X6qKgPnwuvcllm7LAHZKqRRRFNA/s1600/Martin,%20George%20(30).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="706" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7MR8vkmjYZ2RmgLq730qzmS2uf3fVrg7yqEXWghWAHRuMlLroZGiDFHASOrpNYBPdawOFwnyuwBBGh8FTtLnB_145bghc0YguxkTxMY2B7o1DhGKFNMbGNVrKAqwAL5-BY41zHCJhsB2tDzgS5ALykSWzHWVZHM0X6qKgPnwuvcllm7LAHZKqRRRFNA/w176-h400/Martin,%20George%20(30).jpg" width="176" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">39th Kentucky Infantry (US)<br />Service Record<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGHgj--Jug9ptQl9z_CXeV4WXjWq6yU2P7sJp2kvc6UB8qlGQTHULOVhlIacuPIB0JvbUl8QtZpvwLR81eXY5avnCuVSJtzKsUCTChPnlhuLG7Nwt87WIB1aaYHZXoWWLd7PG6AU7itvVenjqrmRDBboqXr2ZYzbUxm_nLmhi9F6aYrCqtZ_-GaZDw4Q/s1600/Martin,%20George%20(18),%2013th%20KY%20Cav.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="695" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGHgj--Jug9ptQl9z_CXeV4WXjWq6yU2P7sJp2kvc6UB8qlGQTHULOVhlIacuPIB0JvbUl8QtZpvwLR81eXY5avnCuVSJtzKsUCTChPnlhuLG7Nwt87WIB1aaYHZXoWWLd7PG6AU7itvVenjqrmRDBboqXr2ZYzbUxm_nLmhi9F6aYrCqtZ_-GaZDw4Q/w174-h400/Martin,%20George%20(18),%2013th%20KY%20Cav.jpg" width="174" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">13th Kentucky Cavalry (CSA)<br />Service Record </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div>Charles "Charley" Duncan who came to Mary R. Layne's rescue was 20 years old and a native of Covington, Kentucky. An engineer in civilian life, he served as a private in Company E, 14th Kentucky Infantry.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_P8C6Y0iITEGwaKbTEmcWxbulUaML8TvRfA2zxBdx08GlkhxGBQH-Gd2xRqRBqoje4HgeG1Gbgj7AQh6r6iPnnnubnXChjjejrXC1OtXAk5PgsxOuLh9SuXBU9MLInxkyL0oM8ijOXzvX5H07cQKQ8kHOG80xZH6ste7L6E8GWdgekj77ac_dorOQ9w/s1600/Duncan,%20Charles%20E%20(18),%20Misc..jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="701" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_P8C6Y0iITEGwaKbTEmcWxbulUaML8TvRfA2zxBdx08GlkhxGBQH-Gd2xRqRBqoje4HgeG1Gbgj7AQh6r6iPnnnubnXChjjejrXC1OtXAk5PgsxOuLh9SuXBU9MLInxkyL0oM8ijOXzvX5H07cQKQ8kHOG80xZH6ste7L6E8GWdgekj77ac_dorOQ9w/w175-h400/Duncan,%20Charles%20E%20(18),%20Misc..jpg" width="175" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">14th Kentucky Infantry (US)<br />Service Record</td></tr></tbody></table><div>The matter was referred to Department Commander Colonel George W. Gallup who ordered George Martin to be reprimanded and then returned to duty. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8YClaoXHrcLX5jLdRIQfELQkWnkMnvuM4H8v5SqU4wX7Lac4aCcB3Q5zRdsKngS2yFHok6KAXFPYs_PC27_lkNVBmJy4doafz_DODATFeSio33ISB6gBjSkglULglqXriHjj10EFTcwJKdLjRM6IdARTDnnUGD06NL4lrVR5ay1EjXAeqcnX-jINkYQ/s392/Layne,%20Mary%20R%20(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="373" data-original-width="392" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8YClaoXHrcLX5jLdRIQfELQkWnkMnvuM4H8v5SqU4wX7Lac4aCcB3Q5zRdsKngS2yFHok6KAXFPYs_PC27_lkNVBmJy4doafz_DODATFeSio33ISB6gBjSkglULglqXriHjj10EFTcwJKdLjRM6IdARTDnnUGD06NL4lrVR5ay1EjXAeqcnX-jINkYQ/w400-h380/Layne,%20Mary%20R%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div>Martin continued to serve with the 39th Kentucky Infantry but was absent without leave from October 1864 to January 19, 1865. He was finally mustered out with the regiment on September 15, 1865, at Louisville.</div><div><br /></div><div><i>Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, November 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</i></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-25879234069145326452022-10-03T11:45:00.021-04:002023-10-25T08:00:41.326-04:00Dr. William Smith Kouns - "Rank Rebel Now and Forever"<p style="text-align: justify;">When the Civil War broke out, an
overwhelming number of Greenup County men rallied around the Union flag. On
October 24, 1861, a Union recruiting camp, named Camp Swigert, was established just east of Greenupsburg,
near Fulton Landing. It was
estimated that at least 800 Greenup County men joined the Union Army during the
war. However, there was a small but vocal faction in Greenup who supported the
Southern Confederacy. Most of these men were mere sympathizers who provided
means and support to further their cause, but a small number actually served in
the Confederate Army. In 1864, Judge Seaton stated in report to John Boyle,
Adjutant General of Kentucky, that a total of 23 men from Greenup had joined
the rebellion. Among these 23 was Dr. William S. Kouns.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">William Smith Kouns was born on
July 26, 1817, in Greenup County, Kentucky. He was the son of John C. Kouns and
Elizabeth Betsy Smith. During the War of 1812, his father served as Major in
the First Kentucky Infantry and was General Andrew Jackson's escort at New
Orleans. John C. Kouns was a man of
prominence in Greenup. In 1822, he was
granted a tavern license for his home on Water Street (now Waterfront Street). In all likelihood this was the <span style="text-align: left;">Kouns-Womack House. It </span><span style="text-align: left;">still survives and is located at 602 Waterfront Street.</span><span style="text-align: left;"> </span>It
was here where William S. Kouns grew up and reached adulthood.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZP0UcBRZQDdOpyWE5y5vYRVMo5qlKa8_PDgaZbeaBW8FZU7a9xehUEhw-CT52u3lPE2CkBDFT7GH-7W5g43r5jIu1HeT3kh09l3Hax07L9fp6PjD8FclPidlA81I1Ay9qP9qIAltqKaz2YbW6lJnbtN12R-m4EEAYwctek12B47qw3JIj79bKW7z0qw/s604/Kouns-Womack%20House,%20NRHP.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="349" data-original-width="604" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZP0UcBRZQDdOpyWE5y5vYRVMo5qlKa8_PDgaZbeaBW8FZU7a9xehUEhw-CT52u3lPE2CkBDFT7GH-7W5g43r5jIu1HeT3kh09l3Hax07L9fp6PjD8FclPidlA81I1Ay9qP9qIAltqKaz2YbW6lJnbtN12R-m4EEAYwctek12B47qw3JIj79bKW7z0qw/s320/Kouns-Womack%20House,%20NRHP.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Kouns-Womack House</span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Image <a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/123846645" target="_blank">National Register of Historic Places</a></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">In 1827, Major Kouns moved his
tavern business from his home and built the <i>Kouns House</i> in Greenup which stood
west of the Waterfront Street district in the immediate vicinity of the
steamboat landing. It soon became a well-known tavern and hostelry that welcomed
steamboat travelers.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxG2QW3TVkk5ED3E9ur3fQpNBxfV1pxs_ScJWX_ORSGJXa0cxHSskscrkG5q0qgXXSwtn0irlx2kEiwIhx6SKeVATvdfOKccO4RKWZjmf2zpjoG460CW0hKdgUxO7Iq_1xxZ87z44CAmi8nR2LFDSZJmc3ASJNtt6kP3mtZGHWSeDRqL-FGV8Ikvz5pw/s920/Ceredo%20Crescent,%20Aug.%207,%201858,%20Kouns%20House%20Ad.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="920" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxG2QW3TVkk5ED3E9ur3fQpNBxfV1pxs_ScJWX_ORSGJXa0cxHSskscrkG5q0qgXXSwtn0irlx2kEiwIhx6SKeVATvdfOKccO4RKWZjmf2zpjoG460CW0hKdgUxO7Iq_1xxZ87z44CAmi8nR2LFDSZJmc3ASJNtt6kP3mtZGHWSeDRqL-FGV8Ikvz5pw/s320/Ceredo%20Crescent,%20Aug.%207,%201858,%20Kouns%20House%20Ad.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ceredo Crescent, Aug. 7, 1858</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div>The<i> Kouns House</i> also served as a meeting place for politicians and lawyers who came by river to Greenup during the session of the circuit court. Much of the community’s social life was centered around the <i>Kouns House</i>. Citizens attended banquets and dances and, until 1867, Masonic balls were hosted here. After being in business for close to 150 years, the building was finally torn down in the 1970s.</div><div><div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;"><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga2qvh4_1RNOsVNyZWx8PwJ3MXWvVFWU9MD1pkhiyC4RC4X_Tsc1deDHuhe-0laXPMtQg1PnU11D2d5l9ZkmAW9KtyZlS1liGOtWoePhT_vyP6EfGZDbB0pg0MC6SAgyqD4GmtXZvVHS3Ly0vmvEYNEUoXDexDWqwWiv6e8SF6sCbN8ychGWey1p4Unw/s585/Kouns%20House%20pic%20(2).jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="585" data-original-width="460" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga2qvh4_1RNOsVNyZWx8PwJ3MXWvVFWU9MD1pkhiyC4RC4X_Tsc1deDHuhe-0laXPMtQg1PnU11D2d5l9ZkmAW9KtyZlS1liGOtWoePhT_vyP6EfGZDbB0pg0MC6SAgyqD4GmtXZvVHS3Ly0vmvEYNEUoXDexDWqwWiv6e8SF6sCbN8ychGWey1p4Unw/s320/Kouns%20House%20pic%20(2).jpg" width="252" /></a></center></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Image from Greenup Women's Club: </span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">"Come With Us and Re-Discover Historic, Old Greenup, Kentucky"<br />Courtesy Bill Hughes, <a href="http://www2.youseemore.com/greenup/" target="_blank">Greenup County Library</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">In 1845, Kouns and his wife donated the parcel of land where the <a href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/123846658" target="_blank">Methodist Episcopal Church, South</a> was
built.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span>Ever the businessman, John C.
Kouns became involved in the iron industry, together with his brother Jacob. In
1834, the Kouns brothers built Oakland Furnace, a stone stacked charcoal
furnace, with air blast machinery powered by steam. It was located on Chadwicks
Creek, two miles west of US 23 at KY Rt. 538, in present-day Boyd County, Kentucky.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span>In 1838, Oakland Furnace produced 600 tons of
iron which was shipped in pigs by river boat.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span>Oakland Furnace stopped production by 1849.</span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">In 1857, the Kouns-Winn family
owned the franchise of a steam ferry that operated between Greenupsburg and
Haverhill, Ohio, with Major Kouns and Joshua Oakers as ferry keepers.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Major Kouns was also a slave holder. He resisted to free them until the very last days of slavery - four adults and three children - when federal law effectively forced slave holders to emancipate their slaves on December 6, 1865.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Aside from his business
interests, Major Kouns held various public offices. From 1828-1831, and again
from 1850-1857, John C. Kouns represented Greenup County in the Kentucky State
Legislature. From 1836 to 1837, he served as Greenup County Sheriff.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Given his family’s background and
prominent standing in the community, William S. Kouns
grew up in rather favored circumstances. His parents had the means to provide their children with a good education. It can be reasonably assumed that he and his
siblings received their basic education at Greenup Classical Academy which was
located only a few blocks from their home, at the corner of Harrison &
Perry in Greenupsburg. Kouns subsequently
attended Louisville Medical Institute from where he graduated in 1841.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_wd0V-NH7H3LTVyGZR_-fKeX3Wn9vvypqjZCBtfdMQwdy8_bReZbHp0jWq2iMSMVrSIZJRnSTFU8w4pjG_Swyp5p5M0LQqJQ5n1LDBUBAdgpqrUBdhxJCMcb3doFn0Adr00KRrTPacjGKbXTG3IcGUqhRYHCbcRBQxl5XhEZHi4qpFVDMoextzOUTZg/s474/Sangamo%20Journal%20-Illinois%20State%20Journal,%208%20October%201841,%20Louisville%20Medical%20Institute%20ad.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="382" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_wd0V-NH7H3LTVyGZR_-fKeX3Wn9vvypqjZCBtfdMQwdy8_bReZbHp0jWq2iMSMVrSIZJRnSTFU8w4pjG_Swyp5p5M0LQqJQ5n1LDBUBAdgpqrUBdhxJCMcb3doFn0Adr00KRrTPacjGKbXTG3IcGUqhRYHCbcRBQxl5XhEZHi4qpFVDMoextzOUTZg/w258-h320/Sangamo%20Journal%20-Illinois%20State%20Journal,%208%20October%201841,%20Louisville%20Medical%20Institute%20ad.jpg" width="258" /></a></center></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Illinois State Journal, Oct. 8, 1841</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTqoLxB_lsiYPhgAZdKi3N_HqbAa71_PUsGgHXLnqB8n8uPtjPjCt0sQXwgQb2niY3JmXPOmRbjgVomvcdUr-Ow3KenFsxsJaHHu4Z1LuFH_YhWGQAHGllGxRx6PHOkATuHuUZGG8tbjxYonfhL8JO5RIG9aeUou3LJeI56LC8hIBM2uUna4vo23RW5g/s650/1841%20Louisville%20Medical%20Institute%20Graduates,%20p.%201.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="153" data-original-width="650" height="75" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTqoLxB_lsiYPhgAZdKi3N_HqbAa71_PUsGgHXLnqB8n8uPtjPjCt0sQXwgQb2niY3JmXPOmRbjgVomvcdUr-Ow3KenFsxsJaHHu4Z1LuFH_YhWGQAHGllGxRx6PHOkATuHuUZGG8tbjxYonfhL8JO5RIG9aeUou3LJeI56LC8hIBM2uUna4vo23RW5g/s320/1841%20Louisville%20Medical%20Institute%20Graduates,%20p.%201.png" width="320" /></a></center></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaNneriXhaZAW8N3yzvM09dkjsfMdOmJHju2ADWCSUQYfkw_F5fRpHUuFck_IEVxbL8vT_7NIgtziLq65MGFCBHUHLeJQ3qSOEvIA9vk5zlN7ohm65ZC9xwyIOW8_9BRnz10R22Cy3_BXj_GVeIpSRM0uujkyKr2fbqqGTVZQ9tfwIhJbAgqIz0223QQ/s517/1841%20Louisville%20Medical%20Institute%20Graduates,%20p.%202.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="517" data-original-width="465" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaNneriXhaZAW8N3yzvM09dkjsfMdOmJHju2ADWCSUQYfkw_F5fRpHUuFck_IEVxbL8vT_7NIgtziLq65MGFCBHUHLeJQ3qSOEvIA9vk5zlN7ohm65ZC9xwyIOW8_9BRnz10R22Cy3_BXj_GVeIpSRM0uujkyKr2fbqqGTVZQ9tfwIhJbAgqIz0223QQ/w317-h352/1841%20Louisville%20Medical%20Institute%20Graduates,%20p.%202.png" width="317" /></a></center></div><div style="text-align: center;"><center><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/27310540R" target="_blank">A catalogue of the graduates of the Louisville Medical Institute</a> <a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/27310540R" target="_blank">and Medical Department of the University of Louisville from 1838 to 1853</a></span></center></div></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">After his graduation, Kouns married Caroline A. VanBibber on October 21, 1841 and settled in Greenupsburg. In 1847, the
Kentucky State Register listed Dr. William S. Kouns as one of three physicians
in town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">In order to accommodate his
growing family, Dr. Kouns built a house on Laurel Street in 1856. The weather-boarded residence which is still in existence, is especially notable for its
octagonal shape. It is thought that Dr. Kouns' idea to built an octagonal house
may have been inspired by Orson S. Fowler's “A House for All or the Gravel Wall
and the Octagonal Mode of Building”, published first in 1848. This type of home
was advertised as being more healthful for its inhabitants through
opportunities for increased sunlight and ventilation. Such attributes may have
appealed to Dr. Kouns.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-cPY0e9I-EkCjudMTEUsNTUeZXnglTRsuzkwDlzIz_ZBJ8yLvPQkqfPcK-krc_MV3c_aTzKrR-Ycq3rz0sECYjny1zN6_NEV1FA88h90RSCoBMPn8GvVmkpeH6vglUP_hXeFUtkYx2KLlS64fWmfK4l1lKV62bNI1HDp8EC-u5E3MFAJxjEPnqpdQ2w/s3472/IMG_20220924_125550_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3472" data-original-width="3472" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-cPY0e9I-EkCjudMTEUsNTUeZXnglTRsuzkwDlzIz_ZBJ8yLvPQkqfPcK-krc_MV3c_aTzKrR-Ycq3rz0sECYjny1zN6_NEV1FA88h90RSCoBMPn8GvVmkpeH6vglUP_hXeFUtkYx2KLlS64fWmfK4l1lKV62bNI1HDp8EC-u5E3MFAJxjEPnqpdQ2w/s320/IMG_20220924_125550_HDR.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dr. William Kouns House</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Shortly before the beginning of the Civil War, Kentucky reorganized the Commonwealth’s militia. In 1860 and early 1861, officers were appointed and a variety of units were organized across Kentucky. In January of 1861, Dr. William S. Kouns answered the call and began raising members for a state guard company. By January 24th, 32 volunteers had signed up. By February 5th, Kouns’ company had grown to 42 members. The goal was to organize officially on February 22, 1861, however, the company was not commissioned until March 16, 1861. Kouns was elected Captain, and his officers were James L. Warring, 1st Lieutenant; J. Henry Blake, 2nd Lieutenant; and John P. Twyford, Brevet 2nd Lieutenant.</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">The next step was to obtain arms for the company. Discussing his plans
with Wm. C. Ireland and Kentucky state senator Henry M. Rust, Kouns implored
both men to seek the governor’s assistance.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>“We want 50 of the latest and best
Rifles of the longest range, “he wrote, “and one six or eight or twelve pounder
cannon.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>He pointed out that, “a
combination of Rifles and Artillery is what our company prefer … all are
oppossed to Muskats and old US Rifles.” </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Kouns strongly felt that a well-armed
company was necessary, <i>“to put us at an Equal footing with any enemy that may
oppose us, “and to protect Greenupsburg, the county seat, and its records." </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">He was
also of the opinion that if the Ohio River was to become the boundary line during the war, <i>"it may be necessary to fend off bands of Robbers and other
lawless gangs from either side of the river for we will not be secure from the hungry
furnace hands that will be thrown out of employment in the iron region.”</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">As the war progressed, it became apparent that the majority of Kentucky’s state guard companies were aligning themselves with the South. It did not take long before members of Kouns’ company became aware of their captain’s southern sympathies - a view that was not shared by all. On May 7, 1861, 2nd Lieutenant J. Henry Blake noted, </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>“He has
made himself obnoxious by his Secession advocacy defending it above board &
openly & then again his character has Never been fair & without
reproach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The facts are these, had he
one Spark of Manliness about him he would resign a position, that can Never
prove Satisfactory pleasant or profitable again.” </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>He added, “I make this
statement not to reflect upon Dr Kouns as he is a Bro Mason - only to organize
for our defence a Company that will do some <u>good</u> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>feeling confident the Doctors Never Will - I
want a Co too of good Sound true Union Men that Wont flinch when the day of
trial comes…</i></span><i> </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><i>Im Satisfied An
Underhand game is being played with our Company to bind Myself with a
Secesionparty in Any way. I firmly will oppose it Even to the Sacrifice of My
life. I wish to serve My Country in Any Capacity if found Worthy & only My
Country. No other flag will I fight Under …”</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Blake, whose father John Blake was the former owner of Hecla Furnace in Lawrence County, Ohio, subsequently resigned and served as 1st Lieutenant in the newly
formed Greenup County Home Guard company commanded by Captain Louis D. Rose. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">It was not until June 6, 1861, when Kouns’ men finally received a
shipment of 60 muskets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On August 3, it
was noted that the Greenup State Guards, <i>“had an unusual large number of their
members in Greenupsburg drilling and nearly all of them left their muskets in
the Captains Store.”</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Three weeks after the final statewide elections in which Unionists won control of the state legislature, Kouns’ State Guard company went
into camp on James L. Waring’s farm which was situated along the Ohio River, below Little Sandy River. From August 26 to August 30, 1861, the men drilled and received instructions such as the use of firearms. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">On September 2, 1861, the former Southern Rights Party, now styled the Peace
Party, held a “<a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/10/a-peace-party-meeting-at-greenupsburg.html" target="_blank">mass meeting” in Greenupsburg</a> during court days. The meeting took place in the court house and was chaired by Dr. Kouns’ father. The objective was to elect delegates for an upcoming convention. However, it may have also been a last attempt to sway public opinion in favor of Secession as well as an opportunity to sign up potential recruits for Confederate service.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Just two days later, on September 4, 1861, Maj. Gen.
Leonidas Polk ordered a Confederate invasion of Columbus, Kentucky which
violated the state’s neutrality status and therefore, sealed the fate of Kentucky's future. In response, Union troops seized Paducah
and Smithland. On September 7, 1861, the Kentucky Legislature voted 77 - 20 to
hoist the US flag over the Capitol. On September 18, 1861, Kentucky’s neutrality
officially ended when the State Legislature passed an act to create a military
force in Kentucky. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Almost
simultaneously, a Confederate recruiting camp was established on the May farm,
just north of Prestonsburg in Floyd County, Kentucky, which would soon draw thousands of potential
recruits from all parts of Kentucky.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">For Secessionists the writing was on the wall - the time to act was
now. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">During the night of September 29, 1861, a
group of "some 25 men" reportedly assembled "clandestinely” in the vicinity
of Greenupsburg. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By all indications these
were mostly members of Kouns’ State Guard company. A plan was forged to proceed
to Grayson, Carter County, for the purpose of seizing the arms of the local Home
Guards and then making off to the Confederate camp at Prestonsburg. The
intended place of rendezvous was Landsdowne Hall, which was situated about one mile west of Grayson. The owner, Dr. Andrew Jackson Landsdowne, was described
as “a leading disunion spirit” who aided the South by providing food and
shelter to prospective recruits for the Confederate Army who were on their way
to Prestonsburg.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">Before departing Greenup, Kouns addressed a
letter to Governor Beriah Magoffin, handing in his resignation as State Guard
Captain.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Greenupsburgh Ky</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sept 30/ 61<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hon Baria Magoffin</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gov: of the State of Ky<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sir the Company of the State Guards that I had
had the Honor to Command has been reduced to but (17) seventeen Members some
have Vol: in the Federal Army & Some have gone to parts unknown. I have
Caused the Arms to be given up to the County Judges for safe keeping. I now ask
to resign My Comission in Said Company & the Company to be disbanded</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">W. S. Kouns</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">However, the best laid plans often go awry. While
Kouns’ group was making their way from Greenup to Grayson on September 30, 1861,
they were promptly spotted by some local citizens who sent for help. Colonel Sebastian
Eifort, commander of the Carter County Home Guards, received timely information
of their designs and deemed the evidence sufficient for active measures. Captain
McGuire’s company was called out and assembled in arms. Additionally, Eifort
sent word to Captain William C. Stewart of the Jefferson Home Guards in Lewis
County, asking for relief. It was not long before Stewart was on hand, “with a
band of devoted men.”</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioyIu47zEhO6yDqCJfCeEfqwCvMwB8qDoPu98x-yFoX09DU3QYK7i2XbJNIE2txnkflQJwaWM07OLylomQ2ix362hFM2H_CduZJpxy271PSY-s2OVSs66quIafG62YHBzWH4vzlh7PmYz_b2VvQ8RCZ3yaUzYirBgfENiHZC-P5Y5NnWzjpDFFovpskg/s899/Col.%20Sebastian%20Eifort.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="899" data-original-width="549" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioyIu47zEhO6yDqCJfCeEfqwCvMwB8qDoPu98x-yFoX09DU3QYK7i2XbJNIE2txnkflQJwaWM07OLylomQ2ix362hFM2H_CduZJpxy271PSY-s2OVSs66quIafG62YHBzWH4vzlh7PmYz_b2VvQ8RCZ3yaUzYirBgfENiHZC-P5Y5NnWzjpDFFovpskg/s320/Col.%20Sebastian%20Eifort.jpg" width="195" /></a></center></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">McGuire’s and Stewart’s companies proceeded to
<a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/10/skirmish-at-landsdowne-hall.html" target="_blank">Landsdowne Hall</a> where Kouns’ men had arrived earlier and were now partaking of
dinner. Soon the house was surrounded and during the ensuing fight, two men
were killed, one wounded, four escaped and the rest were captured. The majority
of the prisoners were citizens of Greenup County. Daniel Martin, who was
severely wounded in the neck and, believing that he was in a dying condition,
confessed that his party were on their way to a secession camp at Prestonsburg
under command of John S. Williams …<i>”further, that a plan had been agreed upon
by the secessionists in the eastern part of the State, including the counties
of Mason, Fleming,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lewis, Bath, Rowan,
Greenup, Carter, Boyd, and others, to assemble near Prestonburg, organize and
drill, to be met there by reinforcements from Virginia, and move with a large
force to seize Maysville.”</i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><i><br /></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDp-XvRc4jOwFNnMbVVf_-GMc-Z6i3-DzK_3-gUlg0J8J8OYYbYtxF_X4bYGf8AoYu08CW7n6gKEdN_BPsv4js1n8UYFgUOv9KHhQMi25y9OhyxF7IUienk8Tpj2H7ElCHVgdYJEVSSY3JOyARxQhq75il34XQVdz0aYwGNPZkXCmqD8e4pqdBZkd_vw/s259/Cincinnati%20daily%20press.,%20October%2004,%201861,%20Landsdowne%20and%20Kounse%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="116" data-original-width="259" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDp-XvRc4jOwFNnMbVVf_-GMc-Z6i3-DzK_3-gUlg0J8J8OYYbYtxF_X4bYGf8AoYu08CW7n6gKEdN_BPsv4js1n8UYFgUOv9KHhQMi25y9OhyxF7IUienk8Tpj2H7ElCHVgdYJEVSSY3JOyARxQhq75il34XQVdz0aYwGNPZkXCmqD8e4pqdBZkd_vw/s1600/Cincinnati%20daily%20press.,%20October%2004,%201861,%20Landsdowne%20and%20Kounse%20(2).jpg" width="259" /></a></center></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Cincinnati Daily Press, Oct. 4, 1861</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">It may be noted, that at least three of the men who were present at Landsdowne’s that night - Benjamin J. McComas, William A. Womack and John
McCoy - had attended the Greenup County peace party meeting on September 2,
1861. Unlike Womack and McCoy, who were captured, McComas escaped and joined
the Confederate Army at Prestonsburg.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The incident caused a panic among Union citizens
along the Ohio River. When word of the affair reached Maysville, William H.
Wadsworth rallied 1000 men who were ready to embark on a steamboat when word
reached them that relief was not needed. At Greenup it was reported, that,
<i>"a secession army had taken possession of Grayson on that morning...and
that they were marching for the Ohio river, "in force" - supposed to
be bound for Ashland or Greenupsburg...to seize arms, steal horses &tc
&tc and arrest and carry off prominent Union men."</i> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">About 200 Home Guard & Union men assembled
in Greenupsburg, put out pickets and took Kouns’ State Guard Guns which were
still located in his store and distributed them.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Just like </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Benjamin J. McComas</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">, Kouns managed to evade capture and, according to plan, made his way to Prestonsburg. He enlisted in Co. E, 5th KY Mounted Infantry as 1st Lieutenant and was
sworn into the Confederate service on October 24, 1861. </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><center><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9iN-cKTbD12M4ZaouW_4s85S1gvbxLEDRVmiJlmR_uN5Q8GuurDEo09uUcZI25oVrZqMfUwRUUFPuazC0CNBbzfthnBFRY5R5xOtnT_8wJ2QuuKeynCDF4SfnvznLQqX3z594G3eio8n8rGtmsTZ3xUhfEDLK5brFsxJPEZ6VhgvIVFWQsUNRhMeeoA/s1152/Kouns,%20W.%20S,%20CSR,%20Page%202.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="503" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9iN-cKTbD12M4ZaouW_4s85S1gvbxLEDRVmiJlmR_uN5Q8GuurDEo09uUcZI25oVrZqMfUwRUUFPuazC0CNBbzfthnBFRY5R5xOtnT_8wJ2QuuKeynCDF4SfnvznLQqX3z594G3eio8n8rGtmsTZ3xUhfEDLK5brFsxJPEZ6VhgvIVFWQsUNRhMeeoA/s320/Kouns,%20W.%20S,%20CSR,%20Page%202.JPG" width="140" /></a></center></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Compiled Service Records, 5th KY Mounted Infantry (CS)</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">William S. Kouns participated in the Battle at Ivy Mountain on November
8, 1861, during which </span><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/08/kentucky-senator-henry-m-rust.html" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">Senator Henry M. Rust</a><span style="text-align: left;"> was mortally wounded. After the
battle, Kouns followed Colonel John S. Williams’ troops into Virginia where he
remained until the beginning of December 1861. “I was then with the Confederate
army,” Kouns stated, “left it since and returned home under the proclamation of
General Nelson.”</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes; text-align: left;"> </span></div></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Kouns’ return to Greenupsburg on December 5, 1861, did not go
unnoticed. A Union soldier at Camp Swigert noted, <i>“The camp has been somewhat
in a fever today, occasioned by the above circumstances connected with the sudden
return of a notorious secession lieutenant (Dr. Kouns), who left this county
some months ago to join the rebel army.”</i> Kouns was immediately taken into custody
but soon released upon taking the oath of allegiance. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Two weeks later, about
December 19, 1861, Col. Lindsey of the 22<sup>nd</sup> Kentucky Infantry
ordered Kouns to be arrested and brought into camp. According to the charges,
Kouns, “was connected with a nefarious scheme to take possession of some State
Guard guns and ship them south some time ago.” Kouns remained under arrest
until December 22, 1861, when he was sent under guard by steamboat down the
Ohio River to Louisville, “where, doubtless, he will have fair justice meeted
out to him...”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Dr. Kouns’ incarceration did not last very long - by February 6, 1862, he had returned home to Greenupsburg, and was giving a deposition in William C. Ireland’s office in regard to Judge William, H. “Harry” Burns, judge of the 11th District. His statement was to be used before the General Assembly of Kentucky, in a proceeding to remove Burns from office for disloyalty. Kouns acknowledged that he knew Burns and that he, “never saw him in the Confederate army until after the fight at West Liberty and that at Ivy Mountain. After that I saw him in the Confederate army. He was acting as quartermaster, doing such business as pertains to that office, and I suppose that he held the office, though he was called Judge Burns, and not by military title. I first saw him, as stated, in Virginia with the army, and afterwards I traveled with him in the Confederate army, he acting in the capacity I have stated.”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Thereafter, for all intent and purposes, Dr. William Kouns’ direct
involvement in military matters during the Civil War seemed to have ended. However,
his political views remained unchanged. When Lincoln’s Emancipation
Proclamation became effective on January 1, 1863, it caused a great deal of
indignation among Kentuckians. In an attempt to take advantage of the
situation, a movement was soon underway to reorganize the secession party of
Kentucky under the name of <i>Democracy</i>. It basically continued the same tactics
the Peace Party pursued during late summer of 1861. Highly critical of
President Lincoln’s policies, it sought to overturn Union majorities. A state
convention, which was not supported by the Democratic Legislature of Kentucky,
was called for, to be held on February 18, 1863, at Frankfort for the purpose
of, <i>"preparing the Kentucky Mind for revolt against the Union."</i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Various meetings were held throughout the state in order to elect
delegates for the upcoming convention. The <i>Democracy of Greenup</i> held their meeting on February 14, 1863, at
the county courthouse, presided over by Judge James Bryan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. William S. Kouns as well as his father
Major John C. Kouns were among the attendees who were subsequently appointed as
delegates to represent Greenup County.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Four days later, the convention assembled in Frankfort at the
Metropolitan Hall, having been refused the use of the legislative hall. Soon a
federal force under command of Colonel Samuel A. Gilbert, 44th OVI, appeared and surrounded the
building. Gilbert then read Military Order No. 3, to the effect that
information had been received that a large number of rebel spies and emissaries
were present. Names were taken, further business arrested, and the convention
dispersed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">On February 22, 1864, Greenup County Judge John Seaton noted that Kouns,
<i>“was a Capt. of a Company State Guards before he left - was Rebel capt. or
officer a short time - under bonds in Covington and a rank rebel now &
forever.”</i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Nothing further was seen or heard from Dr. Kouns for the remainder of
the Civil War. By all appearances, he had turned, once more, to more ordinary pursuits.
The U.S. IRS Tax Assessment Lists from 1864 to 1866 show that he was operating a drugstore. It
was situated in a</span><span class="st1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">
frame building on Harrison Street, next to the bank, across the street from the
county clerk’s office and courthouse in Greenupsburg</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge-O8kgjun0zQVMZwTKjw4Tor5A6bPpN5N4OU2Q0e7mTtlAGKIFZI658v_Bn-gk6OkIzT5ShcXcSRBxbPCLWjVv9FXv806fMcVK9WQ3aKj4Z_YGEOvdPP0SIeIayOT2mSMaSBfUhly6Gid6H7RESMUYv1dilvwPOC0TV82IA8gtP2ZYqx9fQwkKHKw1w/s1547/Wm.%20S.%20Kouns,%20IRS%20Tax%20List,%201864%20(3).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="1547" height="58" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge-O8kgjun0zQVMZwTKjw4Tor5A6bPpN5N4OU2Q0e7mTtlAGKIFZI658v_Bn-gk6OkIzT5ShcXcSRBxbPCLWjVv9FXv806fMcVK9WQ3aKj4Z_YGEOvdPP0SIeIayOT2mSMaSBfUhly6Gid6H7RESMUYv1dilvwPOC0TV82IA8gtP2ZYqx9fQwkKHKw1w/w400-h58/Wm.%20S.%20Kouns,%20IRS%20Tax%20List,%201864%20(3).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">1864 IRS Tax Assessment List, Kentucky, Div. 20, Dist. 4</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><div style="text-align: justify;">In 1870, a meeting was held in the Greenupsburg Methodist church, addressing the evils of dancing and playing cards. As a result, Dr. William S. Kouns and family withdrew their membership. They converted to Catholicism and built an altar in their home, where a priest from Ironton, Ohio, was holding services for the family. On December 16, 1888, Dr. William S. Kouns passed away in his 71st year. His remains were interred at Riverview Cemetery in Greenup, Kentucky. </div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><i>Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, September/October 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</i></p></div></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-51840636707649148522022-10-01T09:59:00.006-04:002022-10-01T10:18:36.264-04:00A Peace Party Meeting at Greenupsburg, September 2, 1861<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">In 1861, three special elections took place in which the people of Kentucky voted overwhelmingly against a Convention, against Secession, against a dissolution of the Union. Even when the Southern Rights party embraced "Union and neutrality" as their new stance in order to garner support before the last election on August 5, 1861, they were decisively rejected by the voters who elected a large majority of Union men to her legislature, taking control of both the house and the senate. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">In the days following, the Secessionists under the guise of "Southern Peace Party" made a last ditch effort to turn the tide and induce Kentuckians to join their cause by stirring up anti-government and anti-Lincoln sentiment and raising the specter of war on Kentucky soil. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">"They have appealed to the ballot-box three several times, directly in the Congressional elections, and still more directly in the State elections just passed, and they have been overwhelmingly beaten; Do they now acquiesce and agree to abide the decision of Kentucky? No elections are on hand; no further appeal to the ballot box can be made for two years to come, and yet we have a renewed agitation - barbeques, pic-nics, and the most inflammatory appeals to the people, and daily threats of war." </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">According to Unionists, these public peace meetings were designed to "inflame the public mind with violent harrangues," scaring people with "LINCOLN's Congress, LINCOLN's war, LINCOLN's tyranny." However, the public was not fooled. "They had just as well accept the truth, that they can't scare anybody ... they pretend to be afraid of what they call Lincoln's troops - Kentuckians, who have as much interest in this State as they have, and equal rights with them, and no purpose to disturb them, if they only obey the law and behave themselves." </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">"We are tired of this profession of neutrality, whilst giving reasons for revolution. To make Secession speeches, and publish Secession arguments, and then profess to be for peace and neutrality, is disreputable."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">"They may change names as often as they please, but they are the same party - Southern Rights Peace party, or Secesssion party, it is all the same; they are for resisting the Federal Government and plunging into rebellion, no matter how."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">"...a party that labored to induce Kentucky to secede, and invite war upon her own soil, and then cried out for peace...accompanied with a threat to resist law. Take off the mask, and be what you really are, and what you aim to make Kentucky - a rebel against the Federal Government."</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">One such peace party meeting took place during court days in Greenupsburg, on September 2, 1861 - two days before Confederate troops invaded Kentucky and occupied Columbus, violating the state's neutrality. In response, Union troops captured Paducah and Smithland. These events sealed the fate of secessionists in the state and brought Kentucky firmly into the fold of the Union. On September 18, 1861, the Kentucky Legislature formally declared an end to neutrality and passed an act to create a military force in Kentucky. This prompted Secessionist lawmakers to leave Frankfort four days later. On September 25, 1861, a second act was passed, calling for 40,000 troops for 3 year service. Union enlistments began at once and within a month, 20,000 men were enrolled. Before the end of 1861, the call had been met.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Meanwhile, by mid-September 1861, the Confederates had established a recruiting camp on the <a href="https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/201" target="_blank">May farm</a>, just north of Prestonsburg, in Floyd County, Kentucky.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b>Following the Greenupsburg peace party meeting, the following members joined the Confederate Army</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><u><br /></u></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">John P. Twyford, 4th KY Mounted Infantry, Corporal, enl. Sept. 14, 1861</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Benjamin J. McComas, 5th Kentucky Mounted Infantry, 2nd Lieutenant, enl. Oct. 20, 1861</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Joseph Martin, 5th Kentucky Mounted Infantry, Private, enl. Nov. 11, 1861</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">At least three members, Benjamin J. McComas, William A. Womack and John McCoy, were involved in a plan to seize the weapons of the Grayson Home Guards in Carter County, on September 30, 1861. This led to a skirmish at <a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/10/skirmish-at-landsdowne-hall.html" target="_blank">Landsdowne Hall</a> in which Womack and McCoy were captured. McComas escaped and joined the Confederate Army at Prestonsburg. </div></div><div><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: center;">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p></div><br />Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-21689069447953375472022-07-03T06:50:00.002-04:002022-07-03T08:30:29.417-04:00Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 3<p>On the morning of June 16, 1863, Everett's men left the Mt. Carmel area and were once again on the move. As they were passing through Fleming by way of Hillsboro, they discovered that the Federals were in their rear in heavy force. The 10th Kentucky Cavalry, under Major Foley, had reached Flemingsburg sometime during the night or early morning. Finding that Everett was long gone, Foley pushed on to overtake them. The distance separating the two forces may have been less than 10 miles. It was just a matter of time before 10th Kentucky Cavalry would catch up with the rebels. </p><p>From Hillsboro, Everett continued on to Poplar Plains and then turned eastward toward Plummers Mill on Fox Creek. The eastern part of Fleming County, which included the communities of Muses Mills, Plummers Landing and Plummers Mill, was predominantly Union. Alarmed at Everett's approach, the people on Fox Creek sent a messenger to Lewis County Home Guard Captain William Curtis, who lived near Crum on Kinniconick Creek, stating that a raid of horse thieves were committing depredations in their vicinity. Captain Curtis with what few men he could hastily collect, started at once for Plummers Mill. However, they did not expect to meet a numerous well armed foe but a few marauders who were said to infest that neighborhood. </p><p>When Captain Curtis arrived, he met Major Thomas H. Hamrick and his company. Hamrick was a seasoned veteran who had previously served as Captain and then as Major in the 23rd Kentucky Infantry but had to resign because of health reasons. Sufficiently recovered, he was actively recruiting a new company for the regular volunteer Service of the United States and carrying a commission as Lieutenant in the 45th Kentucky Mounted Infantry for that purpose in his pocket. Captain Curtis, Major Hamrick and his men were walking up Fox Creek when they heard shots being fired about a mile distant. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDyAO_yL_GSHvOkKOtidZxaTqgNadIi9KdpH8yMnzFL65v4okKbGZbLw4LyKI4qGsZ4gWRrFpzSdrhClLfqFkJYpyzmrQTa5-sfzY-7QxOjLJdWrqRObgEXiFWxP-WzFuzZFPHwiabKdxRUl9XNwb4rbCe_pPoblt4dWTmlFylqIQZsuC2u_ptJUFO5A/s1944/IMG_20220613_133618_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="1944" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDyAO_yL_GSHvOkKOtidZxaTqgNadIi9KdpH8yMnzFL65v4okKbGZbLw4LyKI4qGsZ4gWRrFpzSdrhClLfqFkJYpyzmrQTa5-sfzY-7QxOjLJdWrqRObgEXiFWxP-WzFuzZFPHwiabKdxRUl9XNwb4rbCe_pPoblt4dWTmlFylqIQZsuC2u_ptJUFO5A/w400-h400/IMG_20220613_133618_HDR.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plummers Mill</td></tr></tbody></table>A party of Captain James B. Evan's Home Guards had launched an attack on Everett's force near Evan's home. The Home Guards fell upon their flank and fired into their column as it passed the defiles leading to the gaps in the mountains toward which the Rebels were retreating. Testimony by Captain Charles Nute as well as Chaplain James P. Hendrick, both 10th Kentucky Cavalry, suggests the attack was meant to delay Everett in order to assist the 10th Kentucky Cavalry in capturing the rebels. Curtis, Hamrick and their men soon arrived at the scene of the fight and joined in. <p>In their attempt to check and annoy the rebels, Evans, Hamrick, Curtis and a home guard named William Gardner were separated from their comrades. They were pursued by a squad of rebel cavalry and overtaken. All four of them drew off to one side of the road to let the rebels pass, but their advance guard rode up to Hamrick, and, according to Confederate reports, Hamrick was "killed in a hand to hand rencontre with Capt. Jackson." Chaplain Hendrick stated that Hamrick, "notwithstanding his repeated declaration that he surrendered, they murdered him and his companions." All four men were shot and killed on the spot. Curtis' obituary noted that "they were suddenly overtaken by a relentless foe and fell in discharge of their duties." </p><p>The Home Guards finally abandoned the field which they could not hold against such superior numbers. Some of them took to the bushes and tried to escape, including two of Evans' sons. Frank Evans’ horse was injured and he fell or jumped from it and rolled into Stockton’s Creek and made his escape. Frank’s brother Nelson and Eddie Young broke from the main group of Home Guards and also made their escape riding toward Belle Grove. In the fight, several on each side were wounded, including Lieutenant William. L. "Lin" Flood, 2nd Battalion, Kentucky Mounted Rifles, who received a gunshot wound through the neck. Everett's men then burned the store of James Wayman Lansdown near by before leaving the area for good. They crossed into Rowan County and moved in direction of Morehead. </p><p>Meanwhile, DeCourcy's forces had left Mt. Sterling at daylight in search of Everett. The column, led by Colonel De Courcy in person, consisted of the 8th and 9th Michigan Cavalry, Company C of the 14th Kentucky Cavalry under command of Captain Seldon F. Bowman, plus the two sections of artillery from Battery "L" 1st Michigan Light Artillery and 1st Independent East Tennessee Battery. The men moved through through Olympian Springs, "traveling as rapidly as wearied horses and intense heat would permit." </p><p>The rebels arrived near Tripletts Bridge in the early afternoon. Up until now, Everett was able to escape the grasp of Union authorities. One of his men noted, "Well, it required generalship to elude them, but Capt. Pete Everett was equal to the occasion." Why Everett decided to halt his forces here for four hours is anyone's guess. If he would have pushed on, after allowing his men some rest, chances are that he would have easily escaped. Instead, he decided to bring on an engagement with his pursuers and ambush them. It appears that he misjudged his opponents and expected them to be Home Guards who he had no trouble defeating on previous occasions. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bridgehunter.com/photos/18/60/186009-L.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="800" height="267" src="https://bridgehunter.com/photos/18/60/186009-L.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Site of the covered Triplett's Bridge burned by Everett in 1863<br />This truss bridge, built in 1921, is closed to traffic now<br />Image from <a href="https://bridgehunter.com/ky/rowan/freestone-road/">Bridgehunter.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table>While Everett was resting his men, DeCourcy's column reached Licking River near Salt Lick. The men were feeding their horses and eating their lunch when scouts arrived and reported that Everett was moving in the direction of Tripletts Bridge. Major Gallagher commanding 1st battalion, 9th Michigan Cavalry, asked permission to move up the river with a small force to cut off their retreat. This was granted, but the force was immediately recalled. Soon after the 9th were ordered to report to an officer near the river for orders, which was promptly done, and after near an hour's waiting, were ordered up the river. Moving at once Gallagher's men arrived at the junction of the two roads, where the rebels had moved through earlier. "Had Major G. been allowed to proceed with the force we had, or had we not been delayed waiting for orders at the river, the rebels would have been completely surrounded and their escape rendered impossible," noted one of the 9th Michigan men. DeCourcy's main force was on the move as well. "The bugles sounded 'Boots and Saddles,' and in a few moments our command was mounted and moving forward at a charge, which we continued for about four miles before we came in sight of the enemy." <p>Meanwhile, near Tripletts Bridge, the dust covered column of the 10th Kentucky Cavalry was nearing the hill where Everett had two companies posted on the hill-side in the bushes, "intending when they came up to bushwhack the 10th Kentucky Cavalry to pieces." One of the 10th Kentucky Cavalry men noted, "But they were mistaken in their game. The two companies in front, companies E and F, on being fired upon, charged right and left, clearing the hill at one sweep, capturing all their horses and some eight or ten prisoners." It took all of ten minutes to drive the rebels from their lurking-places. "The rest fell back on the bridge, the Tenth following close on them." A firing across the creek was kept up for fifteen minutes more and the Rebels were beaten back. When Company C, 10th Kentucky Cavalry, charged Everett at the bridge with drawn sabers, he suddenly found his way in front intercepted when DeCourcy's column appeared. Completely taken by surprise, and seeing he was about to be trapped, Everett's men piled much of their stolen goods in the covered bridge and then set it on fire in order to effect their retreat.</p><p>Everett then quickly formed his men in line of battle in the road at the base of a large hill that was covered with timber. Unfortunately, DeCourcy's men mistook the rebels, who were concealed from view by the side of the mountain, for Home Guards, and the 10th Kentucky Cavalry, who were still across the creek, for the enemy. One of the Michigan soldiers stated that, "a Kentucky officer who, after a close observation, pronounced the 10th a rebel force. They had no flag, and covered with the dust of a long march, and being in the position the rebels were supposed to occupy, were easily mistaken for a rebel force." Another story claimed that Everett himself dashed up to a party of Federal soldier, posing as a home guard, "and told them that Everett was close behind. Not suspecting the trick, they opened with cannon on the Federal cavalry pursuing Everett, and while this royal fight was taking place between these loyal men, Everett slipped off." </p><p>Whatever the unfortunate circumstances, the 1st Independent East Tennessee Battery opened with two mountain howitzers on the 10th Kentucky Cavalry. This was followed by several volleys from the Eighth and Ninth Michigan cavalry. One of the 10th Kentucky Cavalry men described the firing as "terrific" which was kept up for 10 minutes A 9th Michigan Cavalry soldier disputed the account and noted, "The unfortunate firing (a few volleys from our Spencer rifles) upon the 10th Kentucky, which your correspondent describes as terrific, was from one, or at most, two squadrons, of the 8th Michigan cavalry, only, fortunately doing no execution, except to horses." The 10th Kentucky Cavalry made signs to inform them and stop the firing, "but they 'couldn't see it' and the Tenth were compelled to fall back behind the hill." The men remained under friendly fire until "the 10th hoisted their Chaplain's vest as a flag of truce, and the mistake was discovered." Fortunately, nobody was hurt and only two horses were killed.</p><p>As soon as the firing on the 10th Kentucky Cavalry stopped, Decourcy's men discovered that a portion of Everett's command had been cut off by the burning of the bridge. "The 8th Michigan Cavalry being in nearest proximity to the bridge, Company B was dismounted and sent across the creek about one mile below. They came upon a company of Rebs and captured a captain with most of his men." The 8th Michigan captured Everett's rear guard, Captain James White, of Company F, 1st Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles, plus a number of his men. </p><p>Company I, 8th Michigan Cavalry, "under command of First Lieutenant W. Lowrie, also made a mounted charge on the enemy, and then our entire line moved forward." However, at that point, most of the rebels had escaped, "leaving almost all their horses, all their plunder, all their arms strewn over the country in every direction." Everett had taken full advantage of the initial confusion. The sudden appearance of the column in their rear compelled him to give up at once all idea of defending themselves. In his report Everett noted, that "seeing that it was impossible to overcome the superiority of their numbers, and exposed to the fire of artillery, which was so posted as to command the position which I held, I drew off my forces." He later stated that, "He always felt it to be one of the most painful incidents in his life, that he could not stay and witness this pounding between loyal men." His men took refuge in the dense woods which lay on their right, giving them an opportunity to escape under the cover of the mountain. Filing off under the bluff, they escaped up a ravine. Years later, one of Everett's men recalled that, "Several hundred of the enemies' cavalry closed in on our rear and front. What did we do? We followed Pete Everett across a steep mountain, with the loss of very few men and horses, and returned to Virginia." By taking a difficult route across a neighboring mountain, he escaped the forces that were closing in upon him. </p><p>A lot of Everett's plunder was still strewn about. One of the soldiers noted, "About two thousand dollars' worth of property of every description was picked up on the field by our boys." All the stolen horses were captured and taken to Mt. Sterling. "The citizens of Mason and Fleming counties who had lost horses were notified to come forward and prove property and it would be returned to them. For several days it was a busy scene at the corral in Mt. Sterling."</p><p><b>Casualties</b></p><p>Union</p><p>Casualties on the Federal side were comparatively light. All were members of the 10th Kentucky Cavalry. "We lost, singular to say, but one man killed — William West, company C — and two wounded — Joseph Blair and James Hicks — all of the same company. West was shot in the forehead by a Minie ball, and fell fighting bravely."</p><p>Confederate</p><p>According to The Maysville Eagle, the following 36 prisoners were captured at Triplett's Bridge: Jas. White, Capt. 1st Bat. Ky. Mtd. Rifles; J. S. Pittman, 1st Lieut.; W. F. McCormick, Sergt.; Wm. F. Everett, Sergt.; J. N. Shrout, Corporal; G. W. Ellington; H. D. Talbat; Pascal Mason; J. T. Meadows; G. N. Lyons; Z. R. Alexander; Jas. Clarke; C. A. Barnett; S. S. Moore; Nicholas Hadden, Jr.; L. N. Kinney; E. Pergram; J. E. Bellville; E. Munson; Jas. A. Conner; Thos. Campbell; Francis Summitt; Eli Robinson; Ed. Clifton; J. F. Taylor; Merrill S. Goodpasture; Warren Clayton; Jarrett Montjoy; Ed. Thompson; Wm. C. Hedges; Jarvis Smith; M. Myers; </p><p>Wounded - George W. Rogers; Albert West and Wm. L. Flood, 1st Lieutenant."</p><p>Killed - Robt. R. Larkins (shot and dead)</p><p>Reportedly, those killed and wounded by the howitzers were left to the care of the citizens.</p><p>Additional names of Everett's men who participated in the Tripletts Bridge engagement were provided on a muster roll of Everett's company that was later captured in Salyersville. However, several men who were listed as captured or missing in action at Tripletts Bridge were actually arrested at a later date.</p><p>Edmond Roberts - captured June 25, 1863, Kentucky</p><p>S. B. Smith - captured July 3, 1863, Bath Co. KY</p><p>John E. Young - captured July 3, 1863, Bath Co. KY</p><p>William T. Payne - captured July 3, 1863, Bath Co. KY</p><p>Wallace Kemper - captured July 18, 1863, Mt. Sterling, KY</p><p>W. C. Smith, 2nd Corporal - captured Farmington, TN, Oct. 7, 1863</p><p>Thomas Moss, blacksmith - not captured, no further information </p><p>Henderson Cornett, blacksmith - not captured, no further information</p><p>Night coming on, "the only means left was to send a regiment around to one of the gaps to cut them off." The next morning, instead of pursuing Everett in force, Colonel DeCourcy decided to return with his men to Mt. Sterling. He left a detachment of the 9th Michigan Cavalry behind, consisting of companies A and F, to scour the mountains and ravines for fugitive rebels (in some reports it is stated that it was the 8th Michigan Cavalry who was assigned this task). </p><p>Before DeCourcy's departure, Dr. John P. Talbot, Asst. Surgeon of the 1st Kentucky Mounted Battalion, came into his line under a flag of truce. His intention was to "attend to the Rebel Wounded." One of the 10th Kentucky Cavalry soldiers stated that "The rebel surgeon came in with their wounded and gave himself up." Talbot also reported, "that Pete Everett, the commander, was killed in the charge by company C." However, it was generally "thought improbable, as other accounts represent him as being among the first to run, leaving behind his bottle of whisky and his Bible, in which was a ribbon, upon which was embroidered the words 'Thou shalt not steal;' probably by one of Peter's relatives who was acquainted with his ruling propensity."</p><p>In the afternoon of June 17, Sturgis telegraphed Burnside, obviously unaware that DeCourcy was on his way back to Mt. Sterling.:</p><p>LEXINGTON, June 17, 1863--4 p.m.</p><p>GENERAL: Colonel De Courcy fell in with Everett's command at sundown yesterday, at Triplett's Bridge, Rowan County; had a brisk engagement, and the rebels dispersed to the bushes. He is in hot pursuit. De Courcy reports rebel loss 12 prisoners and 30 horses. Courier reports 8 rebels killed, 20 taken prisoners, and 100 horses captured. We had 2 wounded.</p><p> S. D. STURGIS, </p><p>Brigadier-General.</p><p> General AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE. </p><p>DeCourcy's main force arrived at Mt. Sterling the same evening. The following morning, June 18, 1863, at daylight, the 9th Michigan detachment returned from their search for Everett. "Some 20 prisoners, with a much larger number of horses, rifles, saddles, &c., were brought in by them as a result of their tour. They arrived ... a weary but jolly band, ready for another mountain scout whenever it pleases the "higher powers" to call them out."</p><p>Most of the prisoners captured at Triplett's Bridge were sent to the military prison at Lexington in charge of Captain S. Wells, of Company F, 8th Michigan Cavalry (bef. June 23, 1863). Several men were temporarily retained in Maysville. Two prisoners, James A. Conner and Nicholas Hadden, were kept under guard for the murder of James L. Sudduth in Bath County during the fall of 1862. The Maysville Eagle reported that "Jas. A. Connor ... has been heavily ironed and confined in a separate cell." Brig. General Sturgis wrote the Provost Marshal to retain Connor and Hadden and "that he intended to make them tell all that was engaged in it.."</p><p>Connor, along with Wm. F. Everett and Geo. W. Rogers, was also subject of lawsuits filed by Hon. W. H. Wadsworth on behalf of Messrs. Dessar and Culbertson, for damages sustained at their hands during Everett's raid on Maysville. "Everett was recognized by Dessar as one of the leading spirits in robbing his store, and even had on one of the stolen suits when being examined on the subject. Attachments had been issued upon their property to the amount of $8,000." </p><p>On June 26, 1863, the <i>Frankfort Tri-Weekly Commonwealth</i> reported that a portion of Everett's men, numbering 49, were taken from Paris to Covington on Tuesday, June 23, 1863. They were in charge of a squad of soldiers belonging to the 14th KY Cavalry, under command of Major Williams. On June 24, 1863, 31 of the prisoners were transferred from Lexington. Many of Everett's men ended up at Camp Chase, Johnson's Island and Point Lookout. A number of them died or lingered in prison until 1865. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO4hvVA7l1sGI2YXsNj4w110ENgw5QTSUZeh7bS2oNQ-FkHVzv3gHYLY5jaFPzsWDUqlB4Imbz80K05e-QHr-TxkPo3WW_3V9HFHUFqw_uVYx6lO3C9ms2EB0sbzh4nCBJprW64PEEirAfT7q3dxaE8XWSNIAu9tRNdy-6QHvWChtGjNY50cSKqwHRMQ/s1781/M598_25-0102,%20Prisoner%20list,%20Everett's%20June%201863%20Raid%20(5).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1763" data-original-width="1781" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO4hvVA7l1sGI2YXsNj4w110ENgw5QTSUZeh7bS2oNQ-FkHVzv3gHYLY5jaFPzsWDUqlB4Imbz80K05e-QHr-TxkPo3WW_3V9HFHUFqw_uVYx6lO3C9ms2EB0sbzh4nCBJprW64PEEirAfT7q3dxaE8XWSNIAu9tRNdy-6QHvWChtGjNY50cSKqwHRMQ/w400-h396/M598_25-0102,%20Prisoner%20list,%20Everett's%20June%201863%20Raid%20(5).jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPksUsXUCCA01WX_ZoGpmaMKmUzKq3vESezRJ46VeK4xq_1590OGgJ7kfBg6ae_D3_b0wkiHyMo2VOUUaFwvA4aEDkceMBtSE9V6Y5MHT5ahrL-kaSSRwSY4-mEtwIvTuTWjpughqrB8DhFNsgELnfFdS0fWFvclnGKGA58taCmXnWl1DxYOJyeyl2g/s1781/M598_25-0103,%20Prisoner%20List,%20p.%202,%20Everett's%20June%201863%20Raid%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1339" data-original-width="1781" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPksUsXUCCA01WX_ZoGpmaMKmUzKq3vESezRJ46VeK4xq_1590OGgJ7kfBg6ae_D3_b0wkiHyMo2VOUUaFwvA4aEDkceMBtSE9V6Y5MHT5ahrL-kaSSRwSY4-mEtwIvTuTWjpughqrB8DhFNsgELnfFdS0fWFvclnGKGA58taCmXnWl1DxYOJyeyl2g/w400-h301/M598_25-0103,%20Prisoner%20List,%20p.%202,%20Everett's%20June%201863%20Raid%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lists of prisoners from Lexington, including Everett's men</td></tr></tbody></table><p>After the engagement at Tripletts Bridge, Everett and the remainder of his force continued to move through the mountains of Eastern Kentucky and arrived "by easy marches (not being followed at all)" at their camp at the Old Russell Court House on June 22, 1863. The following day, while at Lebanon, Virginia, Edward O. Guerrant found "Pete Everett's 'raiders' just returned from Kentucky, broken down & very much scattered." Everett, still in camp, wrote his report of the raid.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhH8e-c3oeXHlAZAT4cfWJvnSpFmmVPV37e5Fmmb5drEAZcwlawvsWURFzTwFWmqVGOm8D-pAgYByhnXVtw03rtowbDKbmkCLLQoo2Wgz2jnvLvGPF0YDxlNMza3M34MZgCNciSWn-l_E9RwlzODimAtq19lNLaSAflN95_auZAh8Y13uIb25fdJDssQ/s3648/SW%20Virginia-Oct_16.%207,%202018.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2736" data-original-width="3648" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhH8e-c3oeXHlAZAT4cfWJvnSpFmmVPV37e5Fmmb5drEAZcwlawvsWURFzTwFWmqVGOm8D-pAgYByhnXVtw03rtowbDKbmkCLLQoo2Wgz2jnvLvGPF0YDxlNMza3M34MZgCNciSWn-l_E9RwlzODimAtq19lNLaSAflN95_auZAh8Y13uIb25fdJDssQ/w400-h300/SW%20Virginia-Oct_16.%207,%202018.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Old Russell Court House</td></tr></tbody></table><p>CAMP OLD RUSSELL COURT-HOUSE, VA.,</p><p>June 23, 1863.</p><p>GENERAL: I have the honor to state that I arrived at this point on yesterday evening with my command. While in Kentucky I fought the Fourteenth Kentucky Regiment of Cavalry near Mount Sterling, killing 21 men, wounding 0, and capturing 17 prisoners. I proceeded to Flemingsburg, at which point I captured and paroled a captain in U.S. Navy. Thence I went to Maysville, where I captured 50 United States horses, some 330 guns, and 25 pistols. Among the guns were some 150 new Enfield rifles belonging to a company in progress of formation. I also captured at Maysville one piece of artillery (a 12-pounder) belonging formerly to General Zollicoffer, which I spiked and left. The small-arms were broken up, and the Government horses supplied the place of broken-down horses in my command. On returning from Maysville I dispersed an organization of Home Guards, under Col. Charles Marshall, at Mount Carmel. Said organization numbered about 170 men. At Fox Spring engaged a company of Home Guards, under Maj. Pennebaker, of Tenth Kentucky Cavalry, killing Major Pennebaker, Capts. -- Evans and -- Curtis, and 1 private. Some 15 miles from the last-named place I encountered a force variously estimated at from 800 to 1,500 men, under command of Brigadier-General De Courcy. Said force consisted of mounted infantry, cavalry, and one full battery of artillery, and attacked me both in front and rear simultaneously. The fight lasted for a short time, when, seeing that it was impossible to overcome the superiority of their numbers, and exposed to the fire of artillery, which was so posted as to command the position which I held, I drew off my forces and came by easy marches (not being followed at all) to this place. Up to the engagement last mentioned I had never lost a single man killed or captured.</p><p>Lieut. [William L.] Flood and Private Wells were slightly wounded in fight with Major Pennebaker. I know of 27 Federals killed, who fell into our hands, exclusive of the last engagement, and Captain Blackburn has near 30 paroles which he will hand you. My own loss was confined entirely to the engagement De Courcy was commanding, and I cannot now state it with accuracy, as stragglers are coming in, and I sent back a detachment, under Lieutenants [Alexander H.] Darnell and [George W.] L'Aile, to gather up those who might reach the mountains and bring them on out; also to take charge of those whose horses had given out. I do not think my loss in killed, wounded, and missing will much exceed 30 men; but this will appear from regular report of the expedition, which I will prepare and forward to you in a few days.</p><p>I am now moving my command to Lebanon, where forage and subsistence can be had, and would respectfully suggest the necessity of rest to both horses and men, if the condition of things is such as to permit.</p><p>I am, general, yours, most respectfully,</p><p> P. M. EVERETT, </p><p>Captain, Commanding Detachment.</p><p><br /></p><p>P. S.--Two infantry regiments at Louisa and two cavalry regiments, numbering about 1,900 men. </p><p>List of Federal forces in Kentucky.</p><p>At Mount Sterling, Fourteenth Regiment Kentucky Cavalry, 300, and Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Infantry, 400; Lexington, one Massachusetts [regiment] infantry, 600; Paris, one [regiment] Michigan infantry, 400; Big Hill, two regiments cavalry, 400 each. The rest of infantry has left Kentucky by way of Louisville, supposed for Vicksburg.</p><p>[INDORSEMENT.]</p><p>Knoxville, July 16, 1863.</p><p>In transmitting this report, it affords me pleasure to commend to the department the gallantry of Captain Everett. The enterprise was very successful. In addition to the horses captured, the detachment was enabled to capture a sufficient number of fine arms to replace the arms previously in possession of the men.</p><p>Respectfully,</p><p> S. B. BUCKNER, </p><p>Major-General, Commanding.</p><p>Southern papers praised Everett as "Mosby Rivaled." </p><p>"Capt. P. M. Everett, who, it will be remembered, unaided and alone, treed and captured five live Yankees in the mountains of Kentucky a few months since, returned to this place a day or two ago from another successful dash through the enemy's lines in Kentucky. With a squadron of 200 men, and during an absence of 20 days, he reconnoitered thoroughly the enemy's position, inflicted considerable damage upon the vandals, and- watered his horses in the Ohio at Maysville. His tour being principally one of observation, his stay, of course, was not protracted so long as he might have desired. During the progress of his march he encountered the Yankees at four different points ... It will thus be seen, that while we have had a body of Yankees prowling through our lines, we have also had a detachment manoeuvering in theirs."</p><p>Northern papers marked the end of Everett's raid with headlines such as "The Maysville Raiders Brought to Grief - The Whole Party Cut to Pieces and Captured." On June 29, 1863, Brig. Gen. Sturgis issued the following congratulatory order to Col. John F. DeCourcy and his men. </p><p>General Orders,}</p><p>No. 1 } Hdqrs. 1st Division, 23d Army Corps, Hickman's Bridge, Ky., June 29, 1863. </p><p>I. The general commanding tenders his hearty thanks and congratulation to Col. John [F.] De Courcy; and the officers and men under his command, namely, the Eighth and Ninth Regiments Michigan Cavalry, under Colonel Stockton; the Tenth Kentucky Cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Maltby, and a detachment of the Fourteenth Kentucky Cavalry, under Captain Bowman, with sections of the Eighth Michigan and Tenth Kentucky Batteries, for their conduct and bravery in carrying out the instructions received from these headquarters, thus cutting off the retreat of a party of rebels who had made a raid on Maysville, Ky., inflicting upon them a loss of 30 in killed and wounded, and capturing 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 1 sergeant, and 37 privates, together with 100 horses and a like number of arms and accouterments, with a fair prospect of yet taking the entire remaining force. Colonel De Courcy has shown, in this affair, rare tact, skill, and energy, and in his report mentions with special commendation the long and rapid march made by the Tenth Kentucky Cavalry, under Lieutenant-Colonel Maltby, who, he says, displayed energy and talent in carrying out his orders. Major Foley, also of the same regiment, is entitled to high praise for his effective co-operation. Captain Bowman, Fourteenth Kentucky Cavalry, likewise gave every satisfaction to his commanding officer. Lieut. and Adj George C. Parker, Twenty-first Massachusetts Infantry, as acting assistant adjutant-general, Capt. John S. Williams, Fourth Kentucky Infantry, and Capt. Isaac W. Adams, as acting aide-de; camp, were of great assistance, and seemed never more satisfied than when sent to points of danger. The general commanding takes special pleasure in placing upon record this tribute of praise, and expresses his entire conviction that all the troops of his command will, in the hour of trial, prove themselves equally true and trustworthy. </p><p>By order of Brigadier-General Sturgis:</p><p>Wm. S. King</p><p>Lieutenant-Colonel and Acting Assistant Adjutant-General</p><p>A soldier of the 10th Kentucky Cavalry remarked, "To conclude, I think that guerrillaing has very near played out in this section of the country, especially as long as a man remains in the Tenth." However, Everett was not done "playing." Only five months later, Union authorities in Kentucky would have their hands full with Everett once again.</p><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Further Reading</span><span style="color: #274e13;"> </span></b></p><p><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/06/everetts-june-1863-raid-detailed.html" target="_blank">Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 1</a></p><p><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/07/everetts-june-1863-raid-detailed.html" target="_blank">Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 2</a></p><p><a href="https://bridgehunter.com/ky/rowan/freestone-road/" target="_blank">Freestone Road Bridge</a> Constructed in 1921 at the site of the original covered Triplett's Bridge. This bridge is now defunct and closed to traffic)</p><p><br /></p><p>Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, June 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</p>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-45572338900205190802022-07-01T09:45:00.006-04:002022-07-03T08:22:00.510-04:00Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 2After receiving reports of the skirmishes between the 14th Kentucky Cavalry and Everett at Olympian Springs and Howard's Mill, Major-General Ambrose E. Burnside, commander of the Department of the Ohio, telegraphed Union authorities at Maysville and Catlettsburg, warning them of impending danger by Everett's forces. <div><br /><div>JUNE 14, 1863</div><div>Colonel BRADFORD* or </div><div>Captain [J. C.] BIERBOWER,** </div><div>Maysville, Ky.: </div><div>A force of the enemy is reported near Mount Sterling, and may attempt an attack on Maysville. Let Captain Bierbower's men be on the alert. Telegraph me all you may learn of their movements. </div><div> A. E. BURNSIDE,
Major-General. </div><div><br /></div><div> * Colonel Dr. Joshua Taylor Bradford </div><div>** James C. Bierbower, Lt. Co. H, 10th KY Cav. </div><div><br /></div><div>JUNE 14, 1863</div><div>Commanding Officer, Louisa, Ky., via Catlettsburg: </div><div>It is reported that a considerable force of the enemy is now near Mount Sterling, and may attempt to go out by way of Grayson. Be on the alert, and do not allow any of your forces to be surprised. </div><div><br /></div><div> A. E. BURNSIDE,
Major-General. </div><div><br /></div><div>Burnside also sent the following telegram to Brigadier General Samuel D. Sturgis, his chief of cavalry, in Lexington. </div><div><br /></div><div>JUNE 14, 1863. </div><div>Brigadier-General STURGIS, Lexington, Ky.: </div><div>Send word to Colonel [S. R.] Mott and Colonel Pierce to notify their railroad guards, &c., to be constantly on the alert, and watch against any surprise. The movement of General White from Louisa, which I spoke to you of, will render it impossible to send cavalry from there to intercept the enemy. Colonel De Courcy must manage them himself. </div><div><br /></div><div> A. E. BURNSIDE,
Major-General. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/emergingcivilwar.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/decourcey32b.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="662" height="400" src="https://i0.wp.com/emergingcivilwar.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/decourcey32b.jpg" width="334" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Colonel John Fitzroy DeCourcy<br />Image from <a href="https://emergingcivilwar.com/2015/01/25/fleeting-fame-union-colonel-john-fitzroy-de-courcy-2/" target="_blank">Emerging Civil War</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div>Colonel John F. DeCourcy did not have to be asked twice. At first it was feared that Everett would attack Mt. Sterling. As the threat did not materialize, the next course of action was to find and capture him and his men, if possible. In his usual energetic fashion, Colonel DeCourcy went to work immediately in securing reinforcements. By eleven o'clock p.m. on June 13, 1863, the first troops were on their way. The 8th and 9th Michigan Cavalry broke camp at Hickman Bridge and took up their line of march for Mt. Sterling, "marching night and day, and only halting to rest and feed our animals.." They were accompanied by two six-pounders from Battery "L" 1st Michigan Light Artillery (aka 11th Battery, Michigan Artillery), Captain Charles J. Thompson, commanding. A second section of artillery was mobilized at Camp Nelson and ordered to Mt. Sterling. It consisted of two mountain howitzers from the 1st Independent East Tennessee Battery (aka 1st Battalion Tennessee Light Artillery, Battery B) under the command of Captain Robert Clay Crawford. The following day, June 14, 1863, two battalions of the 10th Kentucky Cavalry left Richmond, Kentucky, and embarked on their ride to Mt. Sterling. </div><div><br /></div><div>While preparations were underway at Mt. Sterling, Everett allowed his men some desperately needed rest after his tour de force of over sixty miles during the previous day. As June 14th dawned, his force prepared for their next strike ... Maysville.
Handsome, delightful, attractive - that's how Maysville was described in Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer of 1859. The town was an important place of business in north-east Kentucky. It boasted 2 steam-cotton factories, 2 iron foundries, 5 rope-walks, 12 manufactories of ploughs, and 5 manufactories of coaches and wagons. The elegant brick buildings that lined the river front and the well paved streets reflected the wealth of the town and its 7000 citizens. Maysville also had 2 banks, 2 large seminaries besides the public schools, and printing-offices that published 4 newspapers. In regard to business and population, Maysville ranked fourth in Kentucky. A raid on the town promised a large return. </div><div><br /></div><div>Although Flemingsburg and Maysville are less than 20 miles apart, Everett's force did not make an appearance until the evening of June 14, 1863. On their way to Maysville, Everett's men were "stealing all the horses they could find on the way and everything else that could be of any service to them." </div><div><br /></div><div>Despite proper advance warning, Union authorities were inexplicably ill prepared when Everett's men dashed into town at sundown. "At about seven o'clock they rode boldly and yelling into Maysville, occupying the city so suddenly that it was some time before the people knew who they were. If they had dropped from the clouds, the great mass of the citizens could not have been more completely surprised, as the most of them would have sworn that there was not an armed party of rebels within a hundred miles, and they were entirely unprepared to receive such unwelcome guests," noted one of the citizens. Another eye witness stated that, "They came in on a full charge, weapons drawn and shouting loudly. They reported that they did this, expecting a fight, having understood, they said, that the town was fortified and garrisoned by a strong force." However, Everett "found only a garrison of 50 men defending the place. - These were soon disposed of." </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFbUaZnbflRsB-9QOGlhvhOx7PF-eXT6xAWCWKtYQVnkGyuGD92OpobpGlBIbdYE_BpNJrj5CCd16FG0-G_BpOLm5qq7dHWb7CFpWvvvrhFwLPjpCpMovuhw3gEKrvkSbx-dreOWg3Z6DEEx41CPhUwSeQYXYkXDm8V0UJhzawR2FD5b78AvNl5mpD0Q/s1660/20210904_133817%20(3).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1250" data-original-width="1660" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFbUaZnbflRsB-9QOGlhvhOx7PF-eXT6xAWCWKtYQVnkGyuGD92OpobpGlBIbdYE_BpNJrj5CCd16FG0-G_BpOLm5qq7dHWb7CFpWvvvrhFwLPjpCpMovuhw3gEKrvkSbx-dreOWg3Z6DEEx41CPhUwSeQYXYkXDm8V0UJhzawR2FD5b78AvNl5mpD0Q/w400-h301/20210904_133817%20(3).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">River Front and Steamboat Landing at Maysville<br />Floodwall Mural</td></tr></tbody></table><div>Everett's forces immediately took possession of all the streets and picketed the roads leading out of town to prevent anyone from leaving the city to give the alarm. A guard was placed around both banks - Bank of Kentucky and Farmer's Bank - "by order of Robert J. Breckenridge." </div><div><br /></div><div>Several citizens were arrested and put under guard for a short time but released without further infliction. It was noted that, "Their officers made special inquiries after Mr. Wadsworth and other citizens, whom they had intended to carry off with them as hostages for certain gentlemen who had incurred rebel ill will, but luckily the most of them had made a timely disappearance. They succeeded in capturing Captain Clarke, our efficient Provost Marshal, whom they insisted upon paroling; but upon his positively refusing to make any pledges, at the solicitation of citizens of secession proclivities they released him unconditionally. We are indebted for their clemency in this respect to the fact that the secession residents impressed upon them the idea that twelve of themselves would be held as hostages for every Union man whom they forced from their homes." </div><div><br /></div><div>Under the impression that the upper wharf boat and a small propeller lying alongside (having been used in carrying and storing government supplies) were public property, the rebels immediately, "made a break for the wharf-boat and propeller belonging to James Love with the intention of burning both of them, but they were persuaded to desist by some of the secession citizens whose remonstrances kept them from many deeds of violence, the prevailing argument always being that such acts would render uncomfortable the position of their own friends who had heretofore been treated with forebearance." James Love, who was a Government Agent, made a very narrow escape by throwing two rifles into the river and jumping down into the hold of his screw-propeller. </div><div><br /></div><div>Despite the presence of rebels in their midst, "the citizens went about the city as usual until 11 o'clock, after which hour no one was permitted to appear on the streets." Everett's men "camped in the streets, sleeping on the pavements, their bridle reins on their arms, and feeding their horses on curbstones." Everett determined to remain overnight, "where himself and command were received with many manifestations of hospitality - more especially by the ladies." </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrV0wSBpbfE2BCYDlEZ_mtOdvmeFjI6NCKDydX1So0vu2trBzcWo2Vpz2F7ielrGJ7QTHlnz0g5GCvNQS9PAkUwLsy6yvrhdR3zBj_8MI8LdDcSiSl4TECJPDeNviW4nB8ja62fp9Xt3YY8hys_HknQyxRKD3niANTOuhB2mRWIHJT-8V0LMKZxZSnDw/s1944/IMG_20220613_160637_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="1944" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrV0wSBpbfE2BCYDlEZ_mtOdvmeFjI6NCKDydX1So0vu2trBzcWo2Vpz2F7ielrGJ7QTHlnz0g5GCvNQS9PAkUwLsy6yvrhdR3zBj_8MI8LdDcSiSl4TECJPDeNviW4nB8ja62fp9Xt3YY8hys_HknQyxRKD3niANTOuhB2mRWIHJT-8V0LMKZxZSnDw/w400-h400/IMG_20220613_160637_HDR.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mechanics' Row, Maysville<br />Located near the First Presbyterian Church and City Hall</td></tr></tbody></table><div>Locals noted how "They appeared to have a surprising knowledge of men, places and antecedent local facts, which is to be accounted for by the fact, that quite a number of them had been born and raised here." Late in the night Everett's men began robbing some of the stores, "which were pointed out to them by John Sparks, a young man who was raised in the place, and who has been acting the sneak and spy for some time past." They entered several stores "to get shoes, clothing, arms, &c., to which they helped themselves to a considerable extent, paying for some in greenbacks, for some in confederate paper, and taking off a good deal without paying any thing." </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN9pvsyVASF-6p9m_BtH7ikj4YTEQeOpdYu6a0VM8dYg5lcjLbEM8nOMa3t5Qfg8Dekmdsi1vnRMggCk7bMH0Q1GdvOwb-NhGUg2MgEBccTdTH9p-OHY0E8VW-JMlTaGkzoZDEtlFTSang33fRWyd7Jb-3-k8qUY3wonumqCCrZ3PfZdfTw0C8Zp13Ag/s469/Blum%20and%20Heckinger%20ad,%20Maysville%20Bulletin,%20June%204,%201863.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="222" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN9pvsyVASF-6p9m_BtH7ikj4YTEQeOpdYu6a0VM8dYg5lcjLbEM8nOMa3t5Qfg8Dekmdsi1vnRMggCk7bMH0Q1GdvOwb-NhGUg2MgEBccTdTH9p-OHY0E8VW-JMlTaGkzoZDEtlFTSang33fRWyd7Jb-3-k8qUY3wonumqCCrZ3PfZdfTw0C8Zp13Ag/w189-h400/Blum%20and%20Heckinger%20ad,%20Maysville%20Bulletin,%20June%204,%201863.png" width="189" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ad for Blum & Heckinger, June 1863</td></tr></tbody></table><div><i>Joseph B. Dessar</i>, clothing store, clothes and hats valued at $2000-$4000; they also broke into his private room and stole his gold spectacles and shirt buttons </div><div><i>Blum & Heckinger</i>, clothing store, shoes and boots valued at $1,200-$2,500 </div><div><i>Anderson & Andrews</i>, hardware store, articles valued at $400-$$500 </div><div><i>Burgess & Son</i>, dry goods store, merchandise valued at $500-$600 </div><div><i>Milton Culbertson's livery stable</i>, completely stripping the stable plus taking the horses, valued at $2,500 </div><div><i>Jackson & Wilson</i>, livery stable, two horses valued at $200 </div><div><i>Mr. White</i>, shoe store, articles valued at $60</div><div><br /></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZYM4JKxhOPIsWiykMy-gUrpzIfxx2HQT2u0hxAnijpdIrHafXbUkriSskH9598ycoEYbUtiqP5v9ttALxtGK-ottRMJKlPUp2S6cwraZyhpUp2215ktYzHgMBe_vFXJPm3Byy6pZApP-xlgARTKH2_ZZjg3I6C-Q9gw2yn04eBtpYRmmCBu_qBfsfnQ/s497/Burgess%20and%20Son%20ad,%20Maysville%20Bulletin,%20April%2023,%201863.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="241" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZYM4JKxhOPIsWiykMy-gUrpzIfxx2HQT2u0hxAnijpdIrHafXbUkriSskH9598ycoEYbUtiqP5v9ttALxtGK-ottRMJKlPUp2S6cwraZyhpUp2215ktYzHgMBe_vFXJPm3Byy6pZApP-xlgARTKH2_ZZjg3I6C-Q9gw2yn04eBtpYRmmCBu_qBfsfnQ/w194-h400/Burgess%20and%20Son%20ad,%20Maysville%20Bulletin,%20April%2023,%201863.png" width="194" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ad for M. R. Burgess & Son, June 1863</td></tr></tbody></table>George Arthur of a horse, valued at $125 </div><div>Burgess of a horse, valued at $250 </div><div>Dr. McGranaghan of a horse, valued at $250 </div><div>Dick Dawson of one horse</div><div>Hamilton Gray's, of articles to the value of $700 </div><div><br /></div><div>Thomas K. Ball faired better than others. He owned and operated a livery stable on Third Street, between Plum and Limestone. Ball managed to remove nine horses to prevent their loss at the hands of Everett's men. They were taken across the Ohio River to near Aberdeen, in Adams County, Ohio, in care of Benjamin F. Wiles. </div><div><br /></div><div>It was estimated that the rebels seized some twenty horses, in addition to some thirty Government horses from a company that was being raised in town, making in all more than fifty horses. </div><div><br /></div><div>The rebels also confiscated valuable fire arms from private citizens, including all the fine Colt rifles they could find which were highly sought after. One citizen reported that, "One chivalrous young gentleman, Joseph Frank by name, (a graduate of Bethany College, and a son of a citizen of substance, also a secessionist, who keeps and owns a stove and tin store,) visited the house of Mr. Harvey Franklin, a Union man, in his absence, and placing a pistol at the head of Mrs. Franklin, demanded her husband's revolving rifle. She delivered it up to the noble youth, who handed it over to the enemies of his country." Her husband escaped capture by swimming the river a little below the town. </div><div><br /></div><div>They demanded of the Postmaster the money in his hands due the United States, for which he was receipted. John M. Stockton, postmaster of Maysville from 1861-1883, was a brother-in-law of General William "Bull" Nelson (wife Matilda S. Nelson). "A young ruffian rejoicing in the name of Joseph Clay Styles Blackburn, an aid to General Preston, robbed the Postmaster of $70 in money, and also of the fine revolver presented to General Nelson by Colonel Colt. He also cursed and otherwise abused Mr. Stockton while that gentleman was in the custody of his men."
</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>"Early Monday morning, they broke into the city hall where they found a six-pounder cannon (Everett claimed that it was a 12-pounder) which was spiked." Also destroyed were all the Home Guard muskets, 30 in number, which were broken up on the street in front of the building.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5JGJWQTNMCAG3TyZHwSMdMbIXDjfHWyOAnS_y3vBsUBzOsIUjb_os7PuR2-M--W57VR8RbZEPATgvAW-2s3wiHKP7RhXXq78JXQz0lEWwva3VOIpPiUWcRoBAykgl85hTo4FrZHCJU8HX5iJKGyItz6qRbB_icEBbzbe2sywXxfkyrgSjCibsDxi8jg/s4160/20210904_140605%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4160" data-original-width="3120" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5JGJWQTNMCAG3TyZHwSMdMbIXDjfHWyOAnS_y3vBsUBzOsIUjb_os7PuR2-M--W57VR8RbZEPATgvAW-2s3wiHKP7RhXXq78JXQz0lEWwva3VOIpPiUWcRoBAykgl85hTo4FrZHCJU8HX5iJKGyItz6qRbB_icEBbzbe2sywXxfkyrgSjCibsDxi8jg/w300-h400/20210904_140605%20(2).jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">City Hall, Maysville</td></tr></tbody></table><div>It was estimated that Everett robbed the citizens of $16,000 in goods and money, and destroyed and took away Government property to the amount of $4000. The Maysville Bulletin noted, "We have heard the accounts so variously estimated, that we forbear to state them, the more especially as we learn that a Committee is investigating the matter, with the view of relieving the sufferers by the avails of a subscription which is commendably going forward for that purpose." Everett reported that he, "captured 50 United States horses, some 330 guns, and 25 pistols. Among the guns were some 150 new Enfield rifles belonging to a company in progress of formation. I also captured at Maysville one piece of artillery (a 12-pounder) belonging formerly to General Zollicoffer, which I spiked and left. The small-arms were broken up, and the Government horses supplied the place of broken-down horses in my command." According to the <i>Richmond Enquirer</i>, Everett, "mustered into the Confederate service, at Uncle Sam's expense, 50 horses, saddles, sabres and pistols."</div><div><br /></div><div>As the sun was slowly rising over "La Belle Rivière" on Monday morning, June 15, 1863, a sort of desultory firing commenced from Aberdeen, across the Ohio River. Some of the musket balls struck houses, but doing no other damage. A single round from a few rebel muskets put a stop to this. After receiving news from some "trusty friends" that Burnside's "whole army" was on their tracks, Everett decided it was time to leave Maysville. Between 7 and 8 o'clock, having secured the captured horses and the rest of the booty, the rebels broke for the mountains and marched out of the city eastward, taking the Orangeburg/Mt. Carmel pike. When they had reached the upper end of East Maysville, they were fired upon from the other side of the river, to which they responded by a few shots, without halting, no damage being done on either side. Some ten rebels remained in town for several hours, and were "swaggering around the streets, defy(ing) any one to harm them, saying, if they do, they will bring in six or seven hundred of their soldiers, who are not very far out."</div><div><br /></div><div>At 10 o'clock in the morning, the steamboat <i>Ingomar</i> landed at Maysville. One of the passengers noted, "We were told by parties on the bank a few miles above the town that the secesh were in Maysville. We went ahead, nevertheless ... The Union citizens are perfectly helpless, having neither arms or organization. They have news there that 700 rebels will be in town yet to-day, who are coming down the Flemingsburg Pike. We brought away the wharf-boat and landed it, for safety, a few miles below, on the Ohio side. There is much excitement in town. Large numbers of women and children were gathered on the banks when we left."</div><div><br /></div><div><div>After being informed of the debacle at Maysville, Burnside believed that there may be a chance Everett would attempt to move out of Eastern Kentucky by way of Big Sandy. Accordingly, he alerted the commanding officer at Louisa.</div><div><br /></div><div>JUNE, 15, 1863.</div><div>Commanding Officer, Louisa, Ky., via Catlettsburg:</div><div>The rebel force has moved off from Maysville, in your direction, 200 or 300 strong. Be on the alert, and attend to them, if possible.</div><div><br /></div><div>A. E. BURNSIDE, </div><div>Major-General.</div></div><div><br /></div><div>According to local reports, Everett's forces were sighted at Mt. Gilead late the same evening. He then passed the neighborhood of Mt. Carmel, "which they robbed and plundered according to their usual custom." Everett claimed that it was here that he encountered another party of Home Guards. "On returning from Maysville I dispersed an organization of Home Guards, under Col. Charles Marshall, at Mount Carmel. Said organization numbered about 170 men." No other report of this engagement seems to have survived and no further details are known. </div><div> </div><div>Meanwhile at Mt. Sterling, Colonel DeCourcy's preparations were well under way. During the night of June 14, 1863, the 8th and 9th Michigan Cavalry arrived, accompanied by the two six-pounders of the 11th Michigan Battery. It is not known when the mountain howitzers of the 1st Independent East Tennessee Battery joined the troops at Mt. Sterling. The last portion of DeCourcy's reinforcements, the 10th Kentucky Cavalry, entered the town during the early morning hours of Monday, June 15, 1863. Having made a long march of sixty-four miles within 24 hours, and being without provisions for horses or men, it was necessary to spend Monday in preparations for the trip to the mountains. In the evening, DeCourcy dispatched the 10th Kentucky Cavalry in direction of Flemingsburg and Maysville, with instructions "to discover the whereabouts of the enemy, and if he had returned from Maysville to follow and endeavor to push him toward Morehead." The remainder of DeCourcy's force would soon follow. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div><div><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Further Reading</span></b></div><div><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/06/everetts-june-1863-raid-detailed.html" target="_blank">Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 1</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/07/everetts-june-1863-raid-detailed_3.html" target="_blank">Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 3</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.mkwe.com/ohio/pages/SP_decourcey_john.htm" target="_blank">John Fitzroy DeCourcy - Soldier's Profile</a> </div><div>From the excellent website of the 16th Ohio Volunteer Infantry Homepage</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, June 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-84069115261292532582022-06-30T16:48:00.014-04:002022-07-03T17:33:24.708-04:00Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 1June 2022 marks the 159th Anniversary of Everett's 1863 summer raid into the Eastern part of Kentucky. It was primarily designed to procure supplies such as horses and weapons, as well as gathering intelligence, while at the same time tying up mounted federal and state troops assigned to hunt them down. Just two weeks earlier, Everett had struck Flemingsburg and carried off about $500 worth of merchandise and some horses. This time his eye was on a much bigger prize - Maysville - a prosperous community in Mason County and an important port on the Ohio River. <div><br /></div><div>On June 1, 1863, Captain Peter M. Everett was in Abingdon, Virginia, finalizing his preparations for his upcoming raid. His force was relatively small and numbered between 200 to 250 men. It consisted of detachments from companies B, C, D, E & F, 1st and 2nd Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles. Elements of Clay's Battalion were also present. Officers serving under him were Captain George W. Jackson, Co. B, 2nd Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles and Captain James White, Co. F, 1st. Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles. Also accompanying Everett was Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn, who served as volunteer aid on General William Preston's staff. After the war, he served as member of the United States House of Representatives and U.S. Senator, as well as Governor of the Panama Canal Zone.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcV06vts1CGlQbW73hNXMVL6qz337QWCTMy_3J9lJQX6lMCI0RN1UdxTijetD_OnMHn6vY5iwWhOSMbAxn1CQIW-wRvr-zvus3N4piKZ7E_DMJGcTkN9m6rkwUF828ldoUpDJCLcw3KwgjD01mUsG1_NL6MiwK14tFc5PVsqMDObqodiDmn8W39lSe5g/s1024/Joseph%20C.%20S.%20Blackburn,%20LOC.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="870" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcV06vts1CGlQbW73hNXMVL6qz337QWCTMy_3J9lJQX6lMCI0RN1UdxTijetD_OnMHn6vY5iwWhOSMbAxn1CQIW-wRvr-zvus3N4piKZ7E_DMJGcTkN9m6rkwUF828ldoUpDJCLcw3KwgjD01mUsG1_NL6MiwK14tFc5PVsqMDObqodiDmn8W39lSe5g/s400/Joseph%20C.%20S.%20Blackburn,%20LOC.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Joseph C. S. Blackburn, Library of Congress</span></td></tr></tbody></table>Others who may have been participants on this raid were Robert J. Breckinridge, Jr., a cousin of General John C. Breckinridge as well as Colonel Ezekiel Clay. Like Everett, the majority of his men knew the country well they would be traversing. Most of them had been recruited in Morgan, Wolfe, Bath, Fleming, Montgomery, Mason and Rowan Counties. Their local knowledge would serve them well during the raid. <div><br /></div><div>Everett left Southwest Virginia on June 2, 1863. Everett's timing for the raid could not have been better. There was a larger than average Union presence in the Big Sandy Valley since the beginning of June 1863. However, the troops were busy organizing for an expedition into Western Virginia. Burnside had ordered General Julius White, commander of the Eastern Kentucky Military District, to move with his troops at about the same time as Colonel Sanders' expedition into Tennessee. General S. P. Carter was directed to cross the Cumberland and move in the direction of Monticello, designed to draw the attention of the enemy from Colonel Sanders' movements - all of which were precursors to Burnside's upcoming Knoxville campaign. The heightened activity of General White's troops in preparing for the upcoming expedition seemed to have worked to Everett's advantage. His column managed to escape the watchful eyes of Union authorities. He quietly slipped through Pound Gap and into Eastern Kentucky virtually undetected. Everett's force remained under the radar for more than a week. It is entirely possible that his men utilized their time by visiting with family and friends along the way. </div><div><br /></div><div>There was no sign of their presence until Friday, June 12, 1863, when two men of Everett's party, Benjamin F. Cassidy (also appears as B. Q. Cassada in records) and David F. Steele, were captured in Magoffin County, Kentucky. Later that day, it was reported that three hundred rebels under Peter Everett had taken possession of Owingsville. That same evening at Mt. Sterling, First Lieutenant Mason C. Miller, Company B, 14th Kentucky Cavalry, received orders to detail 35 men from Company A, and 20 men from Company B, to be ready to move by 7 o'clock the following morning. Accordingly, on Saturday morning, Lieutenant Miller and Second Lieutenant William P. Schooler, Company A, left town with their men and started for West Liberty, 50 miles east of Mt. Sterling. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGob6UmyaC0HPpL61wwm1OUE7QSRi-DNEhIOvdnl_eembdUtWrZmXo6HVlJcHYJ3Hd2U5iP6lPncfeZ91UcChLJ_i4jLSktKdbXmoHgr10Iadf5iKKtU3Sillqt7kSI5rpWW2nnRRFG6P8nXWmSktA4H9x8yssU_Om1pbWhSUddnfgF5-9qCHuzCaYTg/s1080/Cassada-Steele.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1080" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGob6UmyaC0HPpL61wwm1OUE7QSRi-DNEhIOvdnl_eembdUtWrZmXo6HVlJcHYJ3Hd2U5iP6lPncfeZ91UcChLJ_i4jLSktKdbXmoHgr10Iadf5iKKtU3Sillqt7kSI5rpWW2nnRRFG6P8nXWmSktA4H9x8yssU_Om1pbWhSUddnfgF5-9qCHuzCaYTg/w400-h400/Cassada-Steele.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div>Lieutenant Miller reported, "After marching some 10 miles in the direction of Mud Lick Springs (aka Olympian Springs) I met with James Crouch some four miles from the place, and inquired of him if he had seen or heard of any rebels. He informed me that he had met 15 or 20 going towards the Springs. We then struck out in a brisk trot, hoping that we would capture the party." </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMJbw4eMUhgXfIwnBmvP44W13O9X5US-ek_V7h8dxdGVVpjgIKXYup4Eb772hSnLTnuP0hvx7tRd6jZVmJQxo0UmWs0NznWNb9HlXw6vTCtUToKEsSSXRdA589Gp3BjoTG1jvq6tVMchmWqxbCpnCnlIxhzms4Px0EJEv97wqdFiUQce2UUx0StAtzZA/s3472/IMG_20220613_112355_HDR.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3472" data-original-width="3472" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMJbw4eMUhgXfIwnBmvP44W13O9X5US-ek_V7h8dxdGVVpjgIKXYup4Eb772hSnLTnuP0hvx7tRd6jZVmJQxo0UmWs0NznWNb9HlXw6vTCtUToKEsSSXRdA589Gp3BjoTG1jvq6tVMchmWqxbCpnCnlIxhzms4Px0EJEv97wqdFiUQce2UUx0StAtzZA/w400-h400/IMG_20220613_112355_HDR.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />State Road, about 4 miles from Olympian Springs</td></tr></tbody></table><div>The men James Crouch had encountered were in all likelihood Everett's advance guard. His forces had arrived at Olympian Springs around noon where he permitted his men "to wind and feed the horses." The command rested up for about an hour. As a precaution, he positioned an advance guard of 30 "pistol men" on the state road leading from Olympian Springs to Mt. Sterling, about 1 1/2 miles from his position.</div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim3ds94kTHxVjgZMJROOAJrE0pmyxmTW2Xn3NYhYgAgETqnFLwaiOVN0xkposlbnP2q2d1A16MtAcMbCaSz7a1a0V4pFM4XI_MN4MpbJx_kP3AkXXbPt_zdF9FfYXAQtWgmZNttzsXwYrSYBmEMb38ZBJNtw64t0bue39ZRtBtFJc1DBLw9vEOdO3Fbg/s3472/IMG_20220613_110716_HDR.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="3472" data-original-width="3472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim3ds94kTHxVjgZMJROOAJrE0pmyxmTW2Xn3NYhYgAgETqnFLwaiOVN0xkposlbnP2q2d1A16MtAcMbCaSz7a1a0V4pFM4XI_MN4MpbJx_kP3AkXXbPt_zdF9FfYXAQtWgmZNttzsXwYrSYBmEMb38ZBJNtw64t0bue39ZRtBtFJc1DBLw9vEOdO3Fbg/s400/IMG_20220613_110716_HDR.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Olympian Springs</span></td></tr></tbody></table>As the 14th Kentucky Cavalry was traveling up Mudlick Hill toward Olympian Springs, the road "was cut in the side of a slate hill for 75 yards, the bluff overlooking it on the left, and a grove of small pines was on the right." <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTPJpr0B55jHfrgEYXF_4gjl2svW8-CCCGfbotGQ2Gb4Ng-EFWATGAoK2MDzBifhFO7fkMUG_7gBD0iWTP-EHVA2ZtJA5npNx8dDSwWAm531O8U9UnwLmjkzHQOmI6sxlCBfJUfVIi4_VoxyuMK27LGqZCQVQZpZTxajLIPE4MCZQrjYYaDVPjCaUMJQ/s3472/IMG_20220613_113430_HDR.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="3472" data-original-width="3472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTPJpr0B55jHfrgEYXF_4gjl2svW8-CCCGfbotGQ2Gb4Ng-EFWATGAoK2MDzBifhFO7fkMUG_7gBD0iWTP-EHVA2ZtJA5npNx8dDSwWAm531O8U9UnwLmjkzHQOmI6sxlCBfJUfVIi4_VoxyuMK27LGqZCQVQZpZTxajLIPE4MCZQrjYYaDVPjCaUMJQ/s400/IMG_20220613_113430_HDR.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">State Road at Mudlick Hill </span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div>Everett's advance guard were hidden on both sides of the road in shape of a <b>U</b>. As a precaution, Lieutenant Miller had sent out 20 men under command of Lieutenant Schooler "and of these he had four men out as videttes, and when these came in range of the Rebels they were fired on." The vedettes fell back on Schooler who reported back to Miller and received orders to charge. Schooler's men advanced as ordered. When well in the trap, they were fired on with fatal effect. Aaron Sarver and Milton Anderson of Co. B and Owry Steele of Co. D were killed outright. As soon as Miller heard the shots, he left his position and ordered his men "in double quick to the spot."</div><div><br /></div><div>Back at Olympian Springs, Everett's men were in the process of remounting when they heard the brisk firing from the direction of Mudlick Hill. He immediately ordered his men to charge the enemy. "Little Pete, as we called him, rode to the front on his big gray horse and gave the command: 'Charge! go for them, boys.' The charge was made, Capt. Everett, J. C. S. Blackburn, Tom Furman, Jasen Mark, John Wright, Sam Crook, and a dozen other fiery warriors on fiery steeds led the van." </div><div><br /></div><div>According to Lieutenant Miller, "we kept up a sharp firing for a few minutes, when I saw the enemy increase rapidly both on my right and left." Miller ordered a retreat, but not until he had received a bullet in his shoulder, and was the last one getting out of the trap. "Seeing that they had a superior force to that of mine, and a great advantage in the ground, I ordered my little party to fall back, which they did, fighting as they went, some seven or eight miles. As soon as I ordered my men to fall back they charged upon me with 150 mounted men, who were on their horses in ambush." </div><div><br /></div><div>Lieutenant Schooler fell into the hands of the enemy and was shot in the thigh after surrendering. He was paroled by Joe Blackburn. Several others were wounded and captured as were others whose horses were killed under them. Not over half a mile from the scene of the conflict the horse of Ben Willoughby fell under him and stunned him into unconsciousness, Tom Greenwade came upon him, and not being on friendly terms with him personally, dismounted, took Willoughby's sword from its scabbard and killed him with it. Knowing the fate of some of his comrades, Lieutenant Miller tried to avoid capture at all cost. "After I found I was wounded I was determined that I would not fall into their hands, although I was very weak from the loss of blood. I hung on to my saddle and luckily was not captured." </div><div><br /></div><div>Everett continued to pursue the Federals towards Mt. Sterling. The Confederates claimed that, "For five miles the road was strewn with dead and wounded Yankees, twenty or thirty were killed and wounded, and as many captured." Meanwhile, a fleet courier had been sent back to camp at Mt. Sterling to report the attack. Major R. T. Williams, 14th Kentucky Cavalry, immediately gathered a few men and hurried out to reinforce Miller's men. He met the Rebels beyond Howard's Mill where a short but fierce fight ensued. "Williams and a Rebel named James T. Rogers had a hand to hand duel with pistols, both emptying their weapons. Williams was wounded in the left shoulder, and when he had shot all the loads out of his pistol he threw it at Rogers and turned and rode off. Geo. Connoy of Co. B was killed here, and a young man of Co. D named Ulery was shot through the bowels after he had surrendered, and was taken to his home near Owingsville where he died a day or so later." </div><div><br /></div><div>Williams' men soon broke and scattered, and could not again be rallied. It was reported that "Major Williams behaved with great gallantry, and was exceedingly mortified at his failure to rally his men when they broke." The Federals fell back to Mt. Sterling, and were pursued by the rebels to near Robert Harvey Gatewood's place, within a few miles of the town. (Gatewood's wife Mary A. Stoner was a sister of Lt. Colonel Robert Stoner, 9th Kentucky Cavalry (CSA). Her sister Minerva Tribble Stoner was married to Gen. Richard S. "Dick" Williams, brother of CSA General John S. "Cerro Gordo" Williams.) </div><div><br /></div><div>Major Robert T. Williams' men came into Mount Sterling "on the run, with 'a thousand guerrillas' close behind them, advancing on the town, and 'If you don't surrender they'll take no prisoners.'"
One local at Mt. Sterling noted, "we were fortunate to have in our town Colonel John DeCourcy, who was immediately ordered to take command of the troops here, consisting of a small portion of the 14th Kentucky Cavalry and the 21st Massachusetts, which order inspired a feeling of safety, that we have not felt heretofore when threatened by these desperate gangs." Accordingly, DeCourcy took charge and gave orders for the 21st Massachusetts to be ready to move. The regiment consisted of seasoned veterans who had fought in several of the largest battles of the Civil War, including the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Antietam, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. Everett did not pose much of a threat to them. One of the 21st Massachusetts soldiers noted, "The people were fearfully excited; as they had been under Union care so long, they dreaded the rebel raiders more than ever before." When the alarm was given, Lt. Col. George P. Hawkes called out his men and they marched down Main Street with their band playing Yankee Doodle. "Prayers and blessings went with the sturdy 21st as they marched out to cover the town," noted one participant. "They divided on the Owingsville and Spencer roads and waited Everett's coming, but he never came. The guerrillas ... had no idea of having a real fight, and, as the regiment moved forward, their advance, which had shown itself on the hills about a mile east of the town, disappeared." </div><div><br /></div><div>Everett had initially contemplated a demand to surrender but in the end, thought better of it. "He would have taken the town, but it was filled with infantry." His friend Edward O. Guerrant later noted, "Infantry & art'y being at Mt. Sterling & a demand to surrender not having the desired effect, he thought proper to withdraw." </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Casualties</b> </div><div><br /></div><div>The Confederates claimed that 23 men of the 14th Kentucky Cavalry were killed & 25 captured & 3 or 4 wounded (or 27 prisoners). </div><div><br /></div><div>Union sources acknowledged 9 men killed, 3 mortally wounded, and 12 prisoners captured and paroled. </div><div><br /></div><div>Regimental records of the 14th Kentucky Cavalry are, unfortunately, incomplete. Therefore, it is difficult to establish the exact number of losses the regiment sustained on June 13, 1863. The following list is based on regimental records when available, casualty lists published in newspapers, pension records and personal recollections. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>KIA</b> (7) </div><div>Jones Webber, Co. A, killed + </div><div>John (D.) Rankins, Co. A, killed ?? (no mention of death in records) </div><div>David Henderson, Co. A, wounded in action June 13, 1863, Mud Lick, died from wounds June 17, 1863. </div><div>Aaron Sarver, Co. B, killed + </div><div>Sgt. George W. Cannoy, Co. C, killed + </div><div>Owry Steel, Co. D, killed in action June 13, 1863, Mud Lick. </div><div>Milton Anderson, Co. B, killed + (Lt. Miller claimed he was killed after surrendering; wounds; widow's pension) </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Killed/Mortally wounded after surrender</b> (2) </div><div>Benjamin Willoby/Willoughby, Co. B, killed + (was killed after he surrendered; widow's Pension file)
Thomas Ulery, Co. D, wounded after he surrendered, June 13, 1863, Mud Lick; died June 15, 1863 from wounds. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Men who were reported mortally wounded but survived</b> (4) </div><div>Lt. W. P. Schooler, Co. A, shot in the thigh after surrendering </div><div>James W. Woods, Co. A </div><div>John Kimes, Co. A </div><div>Sidney Kerr, Co. A, captured and paroled; reported at Camp Chase July 10, 1863; reported in Columbus, Ohio July 31, 1863 and sent to regiment the same day via Cincinnati. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Reported wounded</b> </div><div>Major Robert T. Williams, (shot in shoulder, wound not noted in records, survived)
Lt. (Mason C.) Miller, Co. A, wounded in action June 13, 1863, Mud Lick, shot in shoulder, survived. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Missing in action</b> </div><div>William B. Vaughn, Co. A </div><div>Harry Hamilton, Co. A </div><div>Dennis Hanrahan, Co. A </div><div><br /></div><div>Reportedly, the paroles of the Federal prisoners were all signed by William Cabell Breckenridge. However, they were most likely signed by Robert J. Breckinridge, Jr. Several paroles also had Joseph C. S. Blackburn's signature. </div><div><br /></div><div>Confederate losses were minimal. Everett had two horses shot under him, and James T. Rogers and Joseph C. S. Blackburn one horse each. </div><div><br /></div><div>By late afternoon, Everett's forces had completely vanished. As DeCoury had no means available at Mt. Sterling to pursue the rebels any further, Everett made an easy escape. He passed unopposed through Owingsville, Wyoming, Hillsboro, Poplar Plains and entered Flemingsburg at 11 o'clock that night. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij7ha8WHPDnRF2Y651j935J9nwDijWiQG_IrHWUL3l4iSLzae37DL0P0mFGIdVtiiXgF52dh9nSMFw4nxzJ4TkMRhmVDOeVnlvDm8whwrFUuKEtakNGW1g0WpECPsexzaV3rgmhLJYLAoCMa0VUPUZVMOXnvYWr4vatJmFkDXv8HO_dbIAbJahY9Fx7Q/s1600/Flemingsburg,%20page%2060%20of%20_The%20great%20locomotive%20chase.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1007" data-original-width="1600" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij7ha8WHPDnRF2Y651j935J9nwDijWiQG_IrHWUL3l4iSLzae37DL0P0mFGIdVtiiXgF52dh9nSMFw4nxzJ4TkMRhmVDOeVnlvDm8whwrFUuKEtakNGW1g0WpECPsexzaV3rgmhLJYLAoCMa0VUPUZVMOXnvYWr4vatJmFkDXv8HO_dbIAbJahY9Fx7Q/w400-h251/Flemingsburg,%20page%2060%20of%20_The%20great%20locomotive%20chase.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of Flemingsburg</td></tr></tbody></table><div>In the usual fashion, Everett's men stole a large number of horses, and a considerable amount of other property, but in other respects, according to reports, behaved very well.
At the time of Everett's raid, 28 year old Captain Edwin W. Sutherland, former commander of the famous ram "Queen of the West," was staying in Flemingsburg, recovering from an illness. He was cared for by his wife Eudora, who the <i>Louisville Journal</i> characterized as "his better-half - the secession widow of Mississippi." Sutherland had made a name for himself by running the blockade of the rebel batteries at Vicksburg just four months earlier. However, Sutherland's marriage in early 1863 to Eudora Harris, the young and beautiful widow of Skipwith's Landing, Mississippi, in presence of Admiral Porter who gave the bride away, made headlines all across the US. Still a red-hot rebel, Eudora "waved her handkerchief for Jeff. Davis and his horse-thieving followers," despite Everett capturing and paroling her husband. </div><div><br /></div><div>At one point during their stay, Everett's men were greatly alarmed by the report that the 10th Kentucky Cavalry was en route to Flemingsburg but it was soon discovered that it was a false alarm. They finally took their leave from town at 3 o'clock in the morning and quietly disappeared into the night. </div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Further Reading</span></b> </div><div><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/07/everetts-june-1863-raid-detailed.html" target="_blank">Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 2</a> </div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/07/everetts-june-1863-raid-detailed_3.html" target="_blank">Everett's June 1863 Raid - A Detailed Account - Part 3</a></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://www.civilwarbummer.com/vicksburg-river-romance-or-plantation-widows-dowry/" target="_blank">Vicksburg River Romance or Plantation Widow’s Dowry</a> - Captain James Sutherland's Marriage to Eudora Harris. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, June 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</div></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-79904668632834633192022-05-16T08:22:00.002-04:002022-05-16T09:59:30.373-04:00William Tipton & Dr. Thomas Winston - An Unlikely Friendship<p>The American Civil War divided the nation and placed states against states - North against South. In border states like Kentucky which provided a geographical and ideological buffer between the combatants, sympathies were divided within. Fathers and sons argued over secession and husbands and wives struggled conflicting opinions about the war. It pitted families against families and brother against brother on the battle field.</p><p>Sometimes however, even for just a fleeting moment, the lines seem to become blurred. Such was the case with William Tipton from Montgomery County, Kentucky and Dr. Thomas Winston who served as First Assistant Surgeon in the 92nd Illinois Volunteers, when their paths crossed in the fall of 1862.</p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://iiif.nlm.nih.gov/nlm%3Anlmuid-2934040RX3-pgimg-1/full/4354,/0/default.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="650" height="437" src="https://iiif.nlm.nih.gov/nlm%3Anlmuid-2934040RX3-pgimg-1/full/4354,/0/default.jpg" width="355" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Thomas Winston<br /><a href="https://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2934040R" target="_blank">Thomas Winston Papers, National Library of Medicine</a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p>Dr. Thomas Winston was born in Devynock, Breckonshire, Wales on October 17, 1829 and came to the United States with his parents in 1831. Orphaned by the age of 11, he apprenticed with a Milwaukee tailor and owned his own shop by the time he was 17 years old. After moving to Illinois, he studied medicine and graduated from Rush Medical college in 1858. He was living at Mt. Morris, Illinois, when the Civil War began. </p><p>William Tipton was a first generation Kentuckian whose father came from Maryland after serving in the Revolutionary War. His mother was Mary Elizabeth Porter. William Tipton was born on June 16, 1794 in Montgomery County. He served in the War of 1812 in General William Henry Harrison Brigade, Colonel William Dudley's Regiment, Captain Archibald Morrison's Company (5th), Kentucky Volunteer Militia. He served two tours and was a survivor of Dudley's Defeat.</p><p>He married Sarah Brown and the couple became the parents of nine children. By the time the Civil War began, Tipton was a widower and most of his children were married and had gone their own way, including two of his sons who had migrated west. Edwin and Malissa were the only children who continued to live with their father on his farm on Spencer Creek, about one mile south of Mt. Sterling. Also living on the farm were Tipton's eight slaves, three of which were under 16 years old. Tipton owned 292 acres which were valued at $19,040. He kept 3 horses, 3 jennies, 35 cattle, and 10 hogs and raised 1 ton of hay, 1500 bushels corn, and 300 bushels wheat in 1862.</p><p>During the summer of 1861, a great number of picnics, barbeques and meetings were held in the central counties of Kentucky, ostensibly for the purpose of social enjoyment, but in fact to recruit soldiers for the Southern army. One such meeting took place on Aug. 27, 1861, on William Tipton's farm. One of the attendees, Dr. Luther Calvin Jeffries, noted, "Ann and I were at William Tipton's at a PicNic. Col. John S. Williams, R. W. Hanson spoke; both were good Speeches, there were a great many there. the day is fine." A year later, on September 10, 1862, Tipton's son William B. Tipton, enrolled in Cluke's 4th (subsequently 8th) Kentucky Cavalry and served as Captain of Company I. </p><p>By mid-October 1862, General Humphrey Marshall's forces moved through Mt. Sterling on their way back to Virginia as part of the Confederate retreat from Kentucky after the Battle of Perryville. By October 18, 1862, local home guards under the command of Colonel William H. Wadsworth, were still capturing some of Marshall's stragglers near Mount Sterling.</p><div>On November 1, 1862, the 92nd Illinois Infantry, commanded by Colonel Smith D. Atkins, marched into town to guard the place from rebel raids. The 92nd was a relatively new regiment which had been mustered into the United States service on September 4, 1862. </div><div><br /></div><div>William Tipton's farm was chosen as campsite for the regiment and named "Camp Dick Yates." The soldiers bivouacked near Tipton's house. On the night of November 3, 1862, Dr. Thomas Winston was informed by Colonel Atkins, "that there was a Lieut of the rebel army sick in a house within steps of our camp. The Col. asked me to visit him and report his condition." Accordingly, Winston proceeded to Tipton's home and, "visited the poor felow and found him very sick. He is a Virginian and came to this state with the rebel Marchal (Marshall). When his friends left they dropped him here to die. After making an examination and finding that he had very strong symptoms of consumption, I told him that as he had no physician I would do all for him that I could, and that he must remember that sick men were not our enemies. The poor fellow's case is almost hopeless yet I think there a bear chance for him. What strange freaks dame fortune performs. I came to the South to assist others in destroying the rebels and find myself doing all I can and buying medicine at my own expense to save one." </div><div><br /></div><div>A few days later, Winston, "passed the time in writing a letter for my rebel patient, to his friends. He has a father and mother in Virginia who have not heard from him for several months. I think it is doubtful whether the letter will ever go to Va., but I will try to have it sent through our lines. The poor fellow is better, but yet I have but little hopes for his recovery." </div><div><br /></div><div><div>During the time Dr. Winston was at Tipton's house, both men had a chance to get to know each other on a more personal basis. Dr. Winston noted about Tipton, "The Mt. Sterling Dr. had refused to attend the poor sick rebel and when I came and did all I could for him, as if he were one of our own men, I won his respect. During the time I passed in his company we talked about everything including slavery, with the exception of the rebellion. To this he never alluded and of course I had too much respect for his gray hairs to introduce this most disagreeable subject."</div><div><br /></div><div>As time passed, Tipton also permitted the 92nd Illinois to place their sick in his house. "I shall always remember him with respect for his kindness to our sick a number of whom he took into his house and treated with all the kindness of a father. Well we were encamped on his land within a few feet of his house. He is a rebel. We took all the wood we wanted from his land. I do not suppose that he would have taken one thousand dollars for the wood we used."</div><div><br /></div><div>The stay at William Tipton's farm may have been the first time Dr. Winston observed slavery up close. He noted, "The old man lives alone with his negroes, and I was surprised to find how the little negroes crowded and quarrelled among themselves who should mount his knee. This slavery is a strange institution. I observed the old man carry a small child in his arms frequently. For some time I supposed that it was one of his grand children, but yet there was something in the child's appearance that excited my suspicions. To day I learned that the child was a slave."</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>The 92nd Illinois remained on Tipton's farm until November 14, 1862 when they were ordered to move their camp to Colonel Thomas Johnson's farm, 5 miles north of Mt. Sterling. Dr. Winston noted, "I left our old camping with regret. While there, I attended the rebel prisoner, of which I have spoken at the house of a rebel named Tipton. This gentleman has suffered very much, for our regiment took all that we needed to feed our hundred and five horses and mules of corn, and his wood was used at the rate of many large trees daily. I think this is all right because most greviously has the old man sinned, yet I feel very sorry to see the old man who has lived sixty years in peace on his farm, become the victim of his own folly. Every thing that we took was paid for and our Quarter Master gave him government vouchers for the supplies. The old man knows very well that if he did not sell we would take all he had, and he knows that government will never pay him a cent." Winston also noted that, "at one time Gen. Marshall took five head of cattle from him and how much more I cannot say." </div><div><br /></div><div>During their stay at Mt. Sterling, the regiment quickly gained a reputation for their anti-slavery sentiment. It became known as the "The Abolition Regiment. While at Col. Thomas Johnson's farm, the men were entertaining the thought that, "this would be our winter quarters and it would I think, but for the negro question. Our views on slavery have made us many enemies." At the solicitation of prominent slaveholders, the regiment was finally relieved at Mt. Sterling on November 16, 1862, and ordered to Danville, Ky. Winston noted, "While going to Mt Sterling Union flags were flying in many places but on our return I did see but two, although travelling over the same road. While going, slaves lined the fences, but returning very few were seen. Our fame had spread before us, and the slave holders keep the darkies in their fields and houses." Colonel Atkins was later indicted in several of the civil courts of the State for stealing, as was alleged, "men chattels."</div><div><br /></div><div>Despite their obvious differences, Tipton and Winston managed to part on a warm and friendly note. Winston wrote, "The only property of a rebel that he ever guarded was Mr Tipton's of Mt. Sterling. I have spoken of this gentleman before. He was one of those fine venerable gentlemen that no one could approach without a feeling of respect ... He is one of the most pleasant and agreeable men I ever knew. I quite won the old man's affections. When we parted this morning he would not let me leave until I promised to call on (him) and stay one night before I leave this part of the country and then with a hearty God bless you, let me go."</div></div><div><br /></div><div>It is not a matter of record whether both men ever met again or not. Dr. Winston continued in the service and eventually became surgeon of the 149th Illinois Infantry. He served in this capacity until the end of the Civil War. In 1906, he moved to Lawrence, Kansas, where he died on May 14, 1928, at the age of 98. </div><div><br /></div><div>William Tipton lived to see the end of the Civil War and the return of his son Captain William B. Tipton from his service in the Confederate Army. William Tipton died on his farm near Mt. Sterling on the morning of December 4, 1871. Dr. Luther Calvin Jeffries noted in his diary the following day, "I am at Mt. Sterling. At William Tipton's burial. He was a Soldier of the War of 1812. An honest man, The noblest work of God."</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #274e13;">Links of Interest</span></b></div><div><a href="https://resource.nlm.nih.gov/2934040R" target="_blank">Thomas Winston Papers, National Library of Medicine, Digital Collection</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/44340895/william-tipton" target="_blank">William Tipton Burial Site</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/27928247/thomas-w-winston" target="_blank">Dr. Thomas Winston Burial Site</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://www.mchmky.com/great-reads" target="_blank">The Diary of Dr. Luther Calvin Jeffries</a> </div><div><span style="color: #38761d;">(Montgomery County History Museum)</span></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Researched, transcribed and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, May 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-31478819452911269392022-04-26T22:00:00.014-04:002022-05-01T12:28:25.928-04:00The Life and Death of James L. Sudduth<p> On October 18, 1862, Major James Sudduth of Bath County, Kentucky, suffered a cruel death at the hands of a group of Confederates who belonged to General Humphrey Marshall's command. Sudduth was a staunch and unflinching Union supporter who did much to keep his portion of the state out of rebel hands. The town of Owingsville, however, had some strong Southern sympathizers who, in the end, contributed to Sudduth's demise.</p><p>James Sudduth was a man who wore many hats during his lifetime. He was born on March 18, 1800, in Kentucky, the son of Colonel William Millard Sudduth and Mary Eleanor Hood, daughter Major Andrew Allen Hood. She was distantly related to Confederate General John Bell Hood who was born in Owingsville in 1831. Colonel (also sometimes referred to as General) Sudduth settled in Kentucky at Hood's Station in 1785. In 1794, he led 1200 Kentucky Mounted riflemen to join the army under General "Mad" Anthony Wayne and brought on the action at Fallen Timber. In later years, he was Justice of the Peace and sheriff of Clark County and served for decades as county surveyor. When he died in 1845, he was the last surviving member of the convention that framed the second Kentucky Constitution.</p><p>Not much is known about Sudduth's childhood or education. It can be reasonably assumed that he attended Winchester Academy of which his father was one of the original trustees. The school was chartered in 1798. By 1810, a building had been erected for the use of the seminary. Once Sudduth's studies had concluded, he entered the legal profession. Research has not revealed where Sudduth received his legal training. On October 22, 1821, James Sudduth married Jenett Lane in Winchester, Clark County, Kentucky. The newly wed couple settled in Cynthiana, Harrison County by 1822 where they lived for the next 4 years. The Sudduths made their home on town lot No. 4. Their next move took them to Owingsville in Bath County. Their first child, a daughter, was born abt. 1821-1826, followed by son William Newton Sudduth in 1827. A second daughter was born ca. 1826-1830, and ca. 1830, another son was born. It appears that none of the children with the exception of William Newton Sudduth made it to adulthood. </p><p>His legal practice seemed to flourish. Sudduth's cousin Henry S. Lane, future governor of Indiana (1861) and US senator, read law under him from 1832 to 1834. Sudduth also showed an interest in political matters and was elected state representative in 1834. After the death of his first wife, Sudduth married Richard Stanhope's widow Mary Ellen, nee Cooper, on February 22, 1844, in Fayette County, Kentucky. Mary Ellen brought with her two children from her previous marriage, Richard H. and Francis M. Stanhope who lived in the Sudduth household in 1850. Mary Ellen's parents were Rev. Spencer Cooper, a Methodist Episcopal minister, and Mary H. Burton. Spencer Cooper preached at Lexington, Versailles and other appointments in Kentucky. He also engaged in the manufacture of gun powder. When cholera struck Lexington in 1833, Cooper was prominent in service to the sick. </p><p>After serving as state representative, Sudduth continued in his legal profession. The 1847 <i>Kentucky State Register</i> listed him as an attorney in Bath County, as did the <i>Livingston's Law Register</i> during the 1850s. </p><p>Sudduth was civic minded and involved in the following projects as commissioner:</p><p>Improvement of the Sandy Road, from Bath County to the mouth of Big Sandy River (1835)</p><p>Owingsville, Sharpsburg and Paris Turnpike Road Company (1836) </p><p>Licking River Navigation Company (1846) </p><p>Owingsville, Sharpsburg Turnpike Road Company (1849)</p><p>In 1856, Sudduth served as a judge in the category of "Agricultural Literature, Essays" at the First Annual State Fair held by the Kentucky State Agricultural Society at the fair grounds in Paris, Bourbon County, Kentucky, from September 30th to October 5th, 1856.</p><p>Sudduth was a Freemason and Past Master of the Maury Lodge No. 141 in Owingsville (now Bath Lodge No. 55, since 1854). </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikdaIxOBukwhFvIxkNU0x-Mn5g7ziVT-SfEVKnOrTv-6fl_h4V1_l48Rs_rcGaaXUku4OlUB9uLceTKUvQOKpUnS75s2O_YL-_jcZ1ZOTyS7R3n0JW9OytuisZexuj0EEw6dWs1h5OgWV8AXjvIE_pff30n11k_j9llhBp92OldWseV81plrWFBtaZzw/s465/Maury%20Lodge%20No.%20141,%20Freemasons,%201851.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="465" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikdaIxOBukwhFvIxkNU0x-Mn5g7ziVT-SfEVKnOrTv-6fl_h4V1_l48Rs_rcGaaXUku4OlUB9uLceTKUvQOKpUnS75s2O_YL-_jcZ1ZOTyS7R3n0JW9OytuisZexuj0EEw6dWs1h5OgWV8AXjvIE_pff30n11k_j9llhBp92OldWseV81plrWFBtaZzw/s320/Maury%20Lodge%20No.%20141,%20Freemasons,%201851.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky (1851)</td></tr></tbody></table>During his lifetime, Sudduth amassed a large amount of property. Over the years he owned large tracts of land not only in Bath but also in Pike, Lawrence, Greenup and Carter Counties. According to the 1847 Bath County tax list, he owned over 12,000 acres in Morgan County, as well as nearly 5,500 acres in Bath County, plus six town lots. 5156 acres of his property were acquired by land grants between 1837 and 1859. <p>Sudduth was a slave holder from the time of his first marriage. In 1847, he is listed on the tax list with two slaves over 16 years of age. By 1850, this number had increased to eleven - four adults and seven children. Despite his large land holdings, Sudduth did not engage in agricultural pursuits but was involved in the lumber business. He owned Eagles Mill, near Olympian Springs, a steam operated board mill, which processed lumber. In 1851, the mill produced $3000 worth of posts and boards which would equal about $100,000 in today's money. The mill was operated by four male and two female slaves and overseen by a man from New York and his French Canadian wife who lived in a log house nearby. </p><div>In 1851, Sudduth hosted the German journalist Moritz Busch, a participant of the Revolution of 1848, who later became well known as the biographer of Otto von Bismarck, Prussian prime minister and first chancellor of the German Empire. The observations of his travels in the United States were published as "<i>Travels Between the Hudson and the Mississippi: 1851–1852</i>." Busch practically devoted a whole chapter to his visit with James Sudduth who proved to be a congenial host. He characterized Sudduth as a lover of history and a story teller. Busch found him "Worthy without being stiff, religious without being a bigot, a nature in which leniency and strength were paired in a pleasant manner which he combined with the education, the wit, the self control and the social talents of an accomplished gentleman. In addition - a rare occurrence among Americans - he had a heart for the past of his homeland and an open mind for all efficiency, purity and righteousness, as well as an excellent memory of the customs and deeds of this beloved past." </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitcRzTQdWOSpRKHBebEkhhFk_D6eZrqlbTM17ydqJ3GfrGUWnnqwn8r_Z8nap8sivD7-8pW-yw0ileKfCq61vuvUcwC7bBfc26C34DdE276WtrpoD67dkteRFgVYZcpuaWxNHYqpKy7iXwA6ha0urVkT7PhkUxQkZSoYOtUzhG0DXfrhAClsbXIMl9ng/s1082/Busch,%20Moritz,%20Travels%20Between%20the%20Hudson%20and%20the%20Mississippi,%201851%E2%80%931852,%20Vol.%202.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="712" data-original-width="1082" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitcRzTQdWOSpRKHBebEkhhFk_D6eZrqlbTM17ydqJ3GfrGUWnnqwn8r_Z8nap8sivD7-8pW-yw0ileKfCq61vuvUcwC7bBfc26C34DdE276WtrpoD67dkteRFgVYZcpuaWxNHYqpKy7iXwA6ha0urVkT7PhkUxQkZSoYOtUzhG0DXfrhAClsbXIMl9ng/w400-h264/Busch,%20Moritz,%20Travels%20Between%20the%20Hudson%20and%20the%20Mississippi,%201851%E2%80%931852,%20Vol.%202.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">"Travels Between the Hudson and the Mississippi: 1851–1852."<br />(Original German edition)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div>By the mid 1850s, Sudduth once again returned to politics. He ran for state senator on the American Party ticket, was elected and served from 1855 to 1859. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW62pHA84oiRpZuSZY7ZKdadQ1CNXNLdG0hGaftz5DKoVZ1_UbDE_mkdhfuTe3UXuwV_FbT5SV4dk7vMhJi222TpLx364ZQDHw9B4x0kU6oZQmK2LsFUKMk9YFYh-FtMaJCsvXBnjRTWzkBFLsB5BHUjguCCaFQWzyBW1EYf8I3htYWgZhAtyaqH8ZCw/s435/Daily%20Louisville%20Democrat,%20July%207,%201855,%20Sudduth%20for%20senator.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="178" data-original-width="435" height="131" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW62pHA84oiRpZuSZY7ZKdadQ1CNXNLdG0hGaftz5DKoVZ1_UbDE_mkdhfuTe3UXuwV_FbT5SV4dk7vMhJi222TpLx364ZQDHw9B4x0kU6oZQmK2LsFUKMk9YFYh-FtMaJCsvXBnjRTWzkBFLsB5BHUjguCCaFQWzyBW1EYf8I3htYWgZhAtyaqH8ZCw/s320/Daily%20Louisville%20Democrat,%20July%207,%201855,%20Sudduth%20for%20senator.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Daily Louisville Democrat, July 7, 1855</td></tr></tbody></table><div><div>By 1860, Sudduth had given up his slaves and perhaps his mill business as well. It is possible that his nephew William L. Sudduth of Sharpsburg had taken over the business as he was listed as mill owner in Isaac Straub's Mill Factory trade catalog of 1856. </div><div><br /></div><div>When the Civil War broke out, "party lines began to be drawn, and home guard and state guards began to drill," according to John Alexander Joyce, a Bath Countian who later served in the 24th Kentucky Infantry. "A large portion of the people of Bath county were at first inclined to stand by the armed neutrality proclamation that Gov. Magoffin issued for their considerations. </div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS3855cNWJ_VsNMmHffLoJS-ls-iIwbT3p7Ah42Bp0kZMSChLe1WeK4WKmNTFj41_YzS1li7UAGxUuiM_CJHXLP4EHnneRMKzDG_j_re0l__907B3CCgSQxrRfWKmIqDJUQsPDW5fAiKH0YtAnP_D8duOHRm2OYemx6pdBXw1W_d7RnHSlo_xBxBPDJQ/s482/Owingsville%20Meeting,%20April%2022,%201861.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="306" data-original-width="482" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS3855cNWJ_VsNMmHffLoJS-ls-iIwbT3p7Ah42Bp0kZMSChLe1WeK4WKmNTFj41_YzS1li7UAGxUuiM_CJHXLP4EHnneRMKzDG_j_re0l__907B3CCgSQxrRfWKmIqDJUQsPDW5fAiKH0YtAnP_D8duOHRm2OYemx6pdBXw1W_d7RnHSlo_xBxBPDJQ/s320/Owingsville%20Meeting,%20April%2022,%201861.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Louisville Daily Courier, April 30, 1861</td></tr></tbody></table><div>During the summer of 1861, a great number of picnics, barbeques and meetings were held in the central counties of Kentucky, ostensibly for the purpose of social enjoyment, but in fact to recruit soldiers for the Southern army. One such meeting took place in Owingsville on August 28, 1861, featuring Col. Roger Hanson who "addressed the meeting in an eloquent and mastery speech, which received the almost unanimous approval of the assembled multitude."</div><div><br /></div><div>Sudduth, however, became an active supporter of the Union. He was addressed as Major Sudduth, a title that stemmed from his service as an officer in the Kentucky militia. Sudduth established a recruiting camp at Isles Mill, which was located on the Licking River, 11 1/2 miles east of Owingsville, while Cy Boyd's home at the mouth of Slate served as a point of rendezvous for Southern recruits. In September of 1861, when Andrew Johnson was visiting Owingsville, Sudduth's home guard company acted as his personal security detail. Subsequently, Sudduth was instrumental in aiding the organization of the 24th Kentucky Infantry and obtaining a supply of arms for the regiment. The Owingsville Home guard company eventually became Co. I of the 24th.</div><div><br /></div><div>In October 1861, when General William "Bull" Nelson embarked on his Eastern Kentucky campaign, Sudduth accompanied Nelson as one of the gentlemen volunteers. He helped guide his forces through the mountains to Piketon, at his own expense without pay from the Government. Within a few weeks after Nelson's withdrawal from the Big Sandy Valley, the rebels returned to Eastern Kentucky and were were gaining ground once more. Entering through Pound Gap, troops were moving in two columns toward Mt. Sterling by way of Prestonsburg and Letcher County. Menifee with 400 men took possession of West Liberty. Union men from Wolfe and Morgan County fled and made their way to Mt. Sterling. In Owingsville, a self-appointed committee reportedly warned the leading Union citizens that they had better leave if they wanted to save themselves as the Confederates would have possession of the town within days.</div><div><br /></div><div>On December 13, 1861, the <i>Mt. Sterling Whig</i> published an appeal "to the patriotic fighting men, to rally at once in town, and form themselves into a cavalry company." The following day, Major Sudduth passed through town with a load of arms for Bath, where he was also raising a force. On December 18, 1861, Mt. Sterling was thrown into quite a state of alarm by a company of seventy men from Bath, dashing into town a little after dark, amidst enthusiastic cheering, under command of Major Sudduth. According to the Whig, "Nobody knew of their coming, and consequently nearly every one believed, for a short time, they were seceshers. On hearing the cheers for the Union, the illusion was soon dispelled, and the gallant and patriotic fellows were received with joy. They came after their arms, leaving the next morning."</div><div><br /></div><div>Meanwhile, General Don Carlos Buell, in command of the Army of Ohio, was forging a plan at Federal Headquarters in Louisville to deal with the renewed Confederate threat in the Big Sandy Valley. Buell selected Colonel James Abram Garfield from Ohio, commander of the 42nd OVI, to be the man to check Marshall's advance. On December 17, 1861, Garfield was placed in command of the 18th Brigade. His orders were clear. "Go first to Lexington and Paris, and place the Fortieth Ohio Regiment in such position as will best give a moral support to the people in the counties on the route to Prestonsburg and Piketon, and oppose any further advance of the enemy on that route. Then proceed with the least possible delay to the mouth of the Sandy, and move with the force in that vicinity up the river, and drive the enemy back or cut him off." </div><div><br /></div><div>On December 24, 1861, Sudduth went to "Auvergne," Brutus Clay's farm in Bourbon County, situated on the Winchester Road three miles from Paris, where part of Garfield's forces were encamped. He met with Colonel Cranor, commander of the 40th Ohio Infantry and Garfield's Quartermaster Captain Ralph Plum, offering the services of 180-200 men under him. Plum related details of the meeting to Colonel Garfield. </div></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcKQPOJiq0n7NsFGvcfZdWnby-eiSke6jOpXStulHRm0e8svac55mmAQ0V_c0vDNMUjNBJwl4oeh3wTfuf_94PipEhj2UjLjvY5FDGR4F7E1rH5P5u2lj1i5V5TjKLkicXhn99DQ23qwLnj0qSzvYi9fkSDJvDK47B8hRTzC4YECxbe1JB1K94vRnA8A/s1024/Auvergne,%20Brutus%20Clay%20Farm,%20Central%20Kentucky%20Hewitt%20Map,%201860.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="817" data-original-width="1024" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcKQPOJiq0n7NsFGvcfZdWnby-eiSke6jOpXStulHRm0e8svac55mmAQ0V_c0vDNMUjNBJwl4oeh3wTfuf_94PipEhj2UjLjvY5FDGR4F7E1rH5P5u2lj1i5V5TjKLkicXhn99DQ23qwLnj0qSzvYi9fkSDJvDK47B8hRTzC4YECxbe1JB1K94vRnA8A/s320/Auvergne,%20Brutus%20Clay%20Farm,%20Central%20Kentucky%20Hewitt%20Map,%201860.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image from Hewitt's 1860 Map</td></tr></tbody></table><div><div>Paris Ky Dec 24, 1861</div><div>Colonel,</div><div>I have had an interview this evening with Col. Cranor of the 40th Ohio, and Genl James Sudduth of Owingsville. The latter gentleman has under him 180 to 200 Mounted Rangers and with guns, not in the United States Service but home guards. </div><div>Genl Sudduth proposes to turn in with his men and aid in the expedition without pay, and Col Cranor is anxious to have his aid from and after their arrival at Owingsville.</div><div>But the men and horses will need subsistence and forage, and they desire to know whether they can be supplied through the Quartermaster and Commissary of the U.S. Army.</div><div>I cannot see how it can be done, but at their request I write to lay the matter before you for an answer. </div><div>Genl Sudduth requests me to say that he saw Genl. Buell upon the subject of aiding with his men in the contemplated expedition, but said nothing about subsistence.</div><div><br /></div><div>Very Respectfully</div><div>Your Obedient Servant</div><div>Ralph Plumb</div><div>Capt. 1 A.Q.M. U.S.A.</div></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5UZRTtoaa_u37-q25uSfQAcMuUxB76W1Ipf_YZu_uIvcDE40sMqd9v-O10cSFNMJMbAJRBaZ6OqKliYRL4YuuMt2xaa3kZ4CCzo0iboBIgRpMCMWy-ceYEOZYCNDdUEWNBt2wLnGXJLACr_hReR2gxRf5-a1IFRdKIUJ7EC062fHHKSvmyM8JnVrQmA/s609/Garfield%20Papers,%20image%20164,%20Plumb%20to%20Garfield%20about%20Sudduth,%20Dec.%2024,%201861%20(2).png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="523" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5UZRTtoaa_u37-q25uSfQAcMuUxB76W1Ipf_YZu_uIvcDE40sMqd9v-O10cSFNMJMbAJRBaZ6OqKliYRL4YuuMt2xaa3kZ4CCzo0iboBIgRpMCMWy-ceYEOZYCNDdUEWNBt2wLnGXJLACr_hReR2gxRf5-a1IFRdKIUJ7EC062fHHKSvmyM8JnVrQmA/w344-h400/Garfield%20Papers,%20image%20164,%20Plumb%20to%20Garfield%20about%20Sudduth,%20Dec.%2024,%201861%20(2).png" width="344" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Capt. Plumb to Col. Garfield, Dec. 24, 1861</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>Sudduth's request was endorsed by General Buell who left it up to to Garfield, "who may, if he deems their service necessary and sufficiently valuable, order forage & subsistence to be issued to them." When the detachment of the 1st Kentucky Cavalry under Lt. Colonel Letcher arrived in Paris the following day, Cranor informed Garfield that he had "ordered them on this morning via of Owensville, as Maj. Sudduth was here waiting for them, - his force of one hundred and eighty mounted men will join them at the place above named, I ordered them to proceed at once to the Gap (McCormick's Gap; MP) and hold it untill (sic) I could reach that point; also, ascertain if possible the position of the enemy in that vicinity, and to carry out your orders in regard to marauding parties that may come in the way." Sudduth's Rangers safely guided the forces under Colonels Cranor and Letcher to Middle Creek. They arrived at Paintsville on January 8, 1862. </div><div><div><br /></div><div>In late March 1862, after his campaign in Eastern Kentucky had ended, Garfield was ordered with the larger portion of his brigade from the Big Sandy Valley. What remained was a skeleton force under the command of Colonel Jonathan Cranor. It consisted of the 40th OVI and 16th Kentucky as well as McLaughlin's Squadron. Sudduth's Rangers as well as Wolford's 1st Kentucky Cavalry detachment under command of Lt. Colonel Letcher took their leave and were heading in direction of Bath County. Upon their arrival, Wolford's men were "splendidly entertained by the ladies of Owingsville." </div><div><br /></div><div>On March 20, 1862, Mary Ellen Sudduth noted, "Our village is quite lively. Lt Col Letcher with a Detachment of Wolfords Cavalry came here a Week ago and are going to remain some time. The secesh dont like it but they cant help themselves. He is such a nice clever Gentleman. The Col Capt Owings (Owens) Capt Hackeley and Capt Coppage board with me so you see I have my hands full. The Ladies gave them a supper as they went to the Mountains and a Dinner when they returned. There is no doubt they love this part of the Country. They are going to put a Flag on the Seminary in the morning and one on Mrs Jones' House. I have a very pretty one on ours shows at a distance."</div><div><br /></div><div>Wolford's 1st Kentucky Cavalry detachment spent a few more days in Owingsville, doing some scouting and "catching guerrillas and renegades aiming to join the enemy" before moving on to Lexington. There was uncertainty among the general population how Cranor, the new commander in the Big Sandy Valley, would handle any incursion by Confederates or if he was up to the job, considering that his was now dramatically reduced in numbers. The general attitude among the troops was that "Humphrey (Marshall) won't stand fire and there's no chance for a fight." </div><div><br /></div><div>Sudduth, on the other hand, firmly believed that another Confederate invasion into Eastern Kentucky was imminent. On April 27, 1862, Sudduth addressed his concerns in a letter to John B. Temple, president of the Kentucky Military Board.</div><div><br /></div><div>Owingsville 27th Apl 1862</div><div><br /></div><div>J. B. Temple, P.M.B.</div><div> Dear Sir,</div><div> From personal observation and reliable information I feel satisfied that we are at a Great Crisis in this part of Kentucky and that immediate preparations should be made to meet it like men battling for the Union should do - My information & upon which I rely most confidentially is that the rebels are arming and organizing to meet Marshal, by the first of May, who has promised to invade Kentucky again with 10,000 by a route, which our Military men seemed determined not to obstruct, lying 20 miles South of any position our men occupy and which has never been exhausted as to supplies, besides this such has been our indulgence of the rebels they have been permitted to organize and prepare for action, in our midst - will you therefore send me 30 rounds of fixed ammunition for 166 muskets to Mt. Sterling to care of Hon R. Apperson Sr., - and in view of the pending danger, can you have 334 more Guns, ready with fixed ammunition at any moment they may be wanted = I am no alarmist as upon reflection you will conceed (sic), although when I last applied to you for help, my best friends thought I was mistaken including Col. Marshall who is now with his regiment trying to keep the ground gained by the Campaign under Garfield and which I caused to be made - I repeat that I am perfectly satisfied that immediate preparation for action here, is necessary and assure you that in 48 hours I can have in the field 500 effective men if we can have arms & ammunition. I have now 166 men with muskets but need ammunition, please answer immediately</div><div> Most Respectfully</div><div>(A Copy) Your friend</div><div> James Sudduth </div><div><br /></div><div>Meanwhile, Sudduth and his men patrolled the area on the outlook for rebel elements. On July 7, 1862, they crossed paths with Cyrus "Cy" Boyd and his men. The fact that Boyd was a fellow Mason did not deter Sudduth from promptly arresting him as well as two of his companions, Benjamin Cassity and Charles Baily. Sudduth's men also confiscated a number of Boyd's horses. </div><div><br /></div><div>Cy. Boyd — <i>The Sandy Valley (Ky.) Advocate</i> noted that "its readers generally will be rejoiced to learn that this notorious horse thief and guerilla chief has been fixed for "slow travelling." Boyd was formerly well known throughout that district. He had been missed for some time previous to the breaking out of our difficulties, and from the character of the man his acquaintances were not surprised to hear of his turning up as a rebel marauder and cut throat. He and his gang were captured by Major Sudduth and his Home Guards one day last week, in Bath county, and lodged in jail."</div><div><br /></div></div><div><div>Boyd and his men as well as the confiscated horses were taken to Cynthiana and delivered to Col. Metcalfe, 7th Kentucky Cavalry, from where the prisoners were transferred to Newport Barracks and then sent off to Camp Chase, Ohio. </div><div><br /></div><div>In June and July of 1862, Sudduth unexpectedly made an active canvass for Circuit Judgeship in the Eleventh Judicial District. His decision caused a conflict with his opponent, Richard Apperson, Jr. from Mt. Sterling who was a strong Union man and also had accompanied Nelson's forces alongside Sudduth. Apperson stated that he "was greatly surprised, as Maj. Sudduth and myself agreed distinctly in May last, that we would remain at home and leave the selection of a Judge to the people of the District, concurring as we did, <i>cordially on my part</i>, and as I presumed also on his, that a canvass for the office was improper. This agreement has been held by me inviolable. I had neither design nor wish to violate it, and I am unable to conceive how Maj. Sudduth could obtain <i>his own consent</i> to break it; and that, too, without any intimation to me, that he desired to be no longer bound by it. This may be one of the privileged modes of conducting a canvass, but if it is, I am more than ever happy that my desire for office has never been so intense as to induce such action on my part, or to experience it in others. But under no circumstances could or would I have left my sick family to follow Maj. Sudduth through the District. I may be defeated, but I will not be dishonored." In the August elections that followed, Apperson beat Sudduth and was elected Circuit Court Judge for the 11th Judicial District.</div><div><br /></div><div>On July 14, 1862, a large Union meeting took place in Owingsville. <a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/03/" target="_blank">Dr. Joshua Barnes</a> was nominated as candidate for the state legislature to fill out the unexpired term of Van B. Young who had resigned to accept the position of Bath County clerk. A participant noted that the "Morgan raid in Southern Kentucky inclines our people to think that "Cerro Gordo" John may take a notion to pay us a visit of the same sort before long. We hope, however, that Col. Cranor will keep him back until our gallant Madcap (Metcalfe) gets his regiment organized. And then let him come."</div><div><br /></div></div><div><div>Colonel Cranor, however, would soon have his hands full in the Big Sandy Valley. Events in August 1862 brought difficult and challenging times for Union men like Sudduth. Bragg's and Smith's invasion of Kentucky, multiple Confederate armies under Kirby Smith invaded the state, leading to the battles of Big Hill, Richmond, Munfordville. Most of central Kentucky was occupied by the Confederates. This emboldened Southern sympathizers. Sudduth's activities had made him a thorn in the side of the Confederates and a target. Sudduth's wife noted that "there is a Man in our town who said that the Rebels would hurt no one here but Maj. Sudduth and he would have to die or be taken Prisoner." Thus Sudduth, along with other Union men such as his friend James L. Warren, was compelled to leave home on September 2, 1862. He proceeded to Indiana from where he addressed a letter to new Kentucky governor James F. Robinson on September 10. Once again he offered his services to the Union and asked for the command of the now demoralized 7th Kentucky Cavalry, which mainly consisted of men from Bourbon County. It was formerly led by Col. Leonidas Metcalfe who had resigned in disgust after his unit was shattered at the Battle of Big Hill which took place on August 23, 1862, just one week after the regiment was mustered in. </div><div><br /></div><div>Rushville</div><div>Indiana 10th Septer 1862</div><div>Gov J. F. Robinson</div><div><br /></div><div>Important business called me here but I am now ready and most willing to Serve my bleeding Country in any position you may assigne me. but as a work of charity would prefer the command of the Cavalry lately under the command of Col Metcalf as I feel Great confidence that I could verry soon make them useful and as I have personal knowledge of verry many of the officers and men and know them to be Good material I am most willing to make an untiring effort to reclaim them but if I cannot have that command I would be most happy to be commissioned by you to raise One thousand men in the Counties of Fleming Lewis Bath Rowan Morgan and Carter for three months service to drive out the Robbers who have possession of my home and property and are now devastating and that Country —</div><div><br /></div><div>Gov I pray you not to consider mine as a verry common appeal to you when I inform you that I Got up the expedition of Nelson and Garfield and as an independent volunteer went with them receiving no pay and out of Scanty means bearing my own expenses and in the same way at the head of home Guards have for twelve months been actively defending my Country — At a portion of the history of my family permit me to Say That an Uncle of mine was killed in Harrods' defeat, two near my Grandfather Herod's Station in Clarke County Ky one at Fort Megs and one at the River Razin and a Brother at Fort Megs my Father was a pioneer of Kentucky Seven years before the Indians were driven out and with 30 men brought on the engagement under Genl Wayne at the Rappids in "94 I am almost the last of the family and do not wish to survive the Government of our Fathers and therefore most earnestly ask of you some situation in which I can Serve my Country</div><div><br /></div><div>As to myself permit me to refer you to the letter of Genl Nelson to Hon J. J. Crittenden James Guthrie George D. Prentiss Garrett Davis Genl L. Combs Henry S. Lane Senator of Indiana W. H. Wadsworth and Martin P. Marshall</div><div><br /></div><div>I shall most anxiously await an answer at Maysville Ky —</div><div><br /></div><div>Most Sincerely</div><div>Yours</div><div>James Sudduth</div><div><br /></div><div>Upon the urging of Bath County citizens Sudduth and other Unionists returned home after being told that it was safe to do so. He arrived in Owingsville on October 16, 1862 and made a short speech. Then he proceeded to Isles Mill to establish a recruiting camp. However, things did not go as well as he had planned and he decided to return home late the following evening. He spent the night at the house of his friend and fellow Union supporter James L. Warren, who lived on the Owingsville Turnpike at Rose Run, about four miles from town.</div><div> </div><div>Meanwhile, General Humphrey Marshall's forces had arrived at Ticktown on their way back to Virginia as part of the Confederates' retreat from Kentucky after the Battle of Perryville. The secession sympathizers of Owingsville sent word to Marshall that 400 Union men were in town, under command of Sudduth, and that they were well armed and he could get them all and their Arms." Accordingly, elements of the 1st Kentucky Mounted Rifles, Trigg's Rangers and Fifth Kentucky Mounted Infantry left Marshall's camp the same night in direction of Owingsville. </div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>According to Sudduth's wife, "having been informed before they reached there that Col. Sudduth had gone to Licking to establish a camp, they sent a party of twenty-five after him, who arrived at Warren's after early breakfast on Saturday, the 18th." Warren had gone to a blacksmith shop near by, leaving Major Sudduth talking with his family. While thus engaged, one of Warren's younger sons, presumably James Warren who was sixteen years old at the time, came into the room and announced that some soldiers were approaching the house.</div></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy2RKIM21NntSe6f6IrH1DifhOisw_mx2SPpVOn7mtLHvYc5yhTSemmXdysghbMfW55vzq1uAnrDBqS08usYBgYApe7EkJLaUtwMVhcP4aGzgOYRrvOmxAFnDKam5AQGlAH0TAE1pNNW9e0c68lnBe_YRG-8RzffVaJ3GNCvuRsZ5KGHrpQFHtoU6grw/s833/Warren%20House,%20front%20view,%20sepia,%203-30-2022.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="625" data-original-width="833" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy2RKIM21NntSe6f6IrH1DifhOisw_mx2SPpVOn7mtLHvYc5yhTSemmXdysghbMfW55vzq1uAnrDBqS08usYBgYApe7EkJLaUtwMVhcP4aGzgOYRrvOmxAFnDKam5AQGlAH0TAE1pNNW9e0c68lnBe_YRG-8RzffVaJ3GNCvuRsZ5KGHrpQFHtoU6grw/s320/Warren%20House,%20front%20view,%20sepia,%203-30-2022.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Warren House near Owingsville</td></tr></tbody></table><div><div>Thinking they were his own men, Sudduth went to the front door to meet them. He stepped out to the portico, but when the soldiers were within a few yards of the house, he discovered his mistake. As soon as Henry Ewing, a brother of George Ewing, who commanded the rebel gang, saw Sudduth, he immediately called out "there is the Major." Major Sudduth advanced and, recognizing some of the rebels, shook hands with Henry Ewing and Walter and James Lane, the latter two being his own nephews. Ewing asked him if he would surrender and Sudduth remarked that he supposed he was their prisoner but told him to wait until he could get his hat. Sudduth stepped back inside the house, went into the room where he had slept, got his hat and rifle, and stepped out of the back door for the purpose of concealing the rifle, a fine Colt, which he valued very highly, before surrendering. </div><div><br /></div><div>As soon as he had stepped outside, two rebel soldiers came around the west corner of the house, and were ordered by the Major to leave. They all ran but just then Anderson Bowman made his appearance and levelled his piece at him, when Col. S. reminded him that he had surrendered. Regardless, Bowman fired, breaking Sudduth's right leg from the knee down and smashing the bone to pieces. About the same time and just as Major Sudduth was falling from this wound, another shot was fired from the east corner of the house by George Ewing who shot at Sudduth's back, grazing his right hip/ grazing his thigh.</div><div> </div><div>Then a man by the name of Carpenter shot at his head, but his cap exploded. After Sudduth was in this wounded condition, Bowman drew up his rifle to fire a second time, but Sudduth, observing it, raised himself up on his knee and elbow and shot him through the heart. The Lanes were ordered to fire, but they refused, saying he was their uncle, though they stood by and did not interfere in his behalf.</div><div><br /></div><div>Then two more of the rebels, Peyton Miller and Edward Sanders/Edwin Saunders, rushed to the back of the house, declaring that they would kill him. According to Sudduth's wife, "Mrs. Warren, her mother, a woman of eighty years of age, and a little girl of eleven, surrounded him and tried to shield him, but his assailants pulled them away and pushed them off, and regardless of their entreaties and cries threatened to shoot them if they interfered." (The identity of the eighty year old woman remains a mystery, as Mrs. Warren's mother had died in 1830. Her mother-in-law was also dead since 1825. The little girl may have been Florence Virginia "Jennie" Warren who was eight years old in 1862.)</div><div><br /></div><div>By this time the entire band, some twenty-five in number, were present. Major Sudduth then laid aside his rifle and called out that he surrendered." Then one of the rebels...(and depending on what account to believe, it was either Edward Sanders, a fellow named Jardus/Jarvis or Peyton Miller) caught Sudduth by the throat and choked him. But there is no disagreement as to who dealt out the final shot. Peyton Miller exclaimed, "G-d- d-n you, I'll give you surrender," placed a pistol to the top of his head and shot him." Sanders had his foot upon Sudduth's breast, leaving the print of it upon his clothes.</div><div><br /></div><div>The rebels left Sudduth weltering in his blood and went to Owingsville, "where they made their boasts that they had killed him and showed his gun as a trophy. They afterwards heard that he was still alive but did not credit it, though Miller said if he thought the d—d old scoundrel was not dead he would go back and shoot him with his own gun, and Sanders said he would go and cut his throat. Subsequently, Capt. Magee and another man were sent back for his shawl. Mrs. Warren told them he had none, but they insisted that they had been informed by the citizens of Owingsville that he rode out in one."</div><div><br /></div><div>Sudduth, "the brave old man, though speechless" lingered for two more days until the night of Monday, the 20th, when he succumbed to his injuries. His final resting place is unknown. </div><div><br /></div><div>When word of the affair reached Marshall's command that night, Edward O. Guerrant of Marshall's staff gave a somewhat different account. "Col. Trigg returned with his command from Owingsville. No Yankees there. Maj James Sudduth shot and killed Bowman of Miller's Bath Company, & was afterwards shot by Bowman, Hop Bickley & L't Miller, - and will die. Shot through the head. Poor Bowman! He was a good & brave soldier. Yesterday, I saw him in health & strength. Today, how cold, how lifeless!! Soldier rest, thy warfare o'er."</div><div><br /></div><div><i>The Louisville Daily Journal</i> noted on November 19, 1862, "We have detailed the circumstances connected with this cold-blooded and cowardly murder, because we are anxious to name the men and the part they took in it. They were all raised in Bath county and the Ewings within a mile of Col. Sudduth's residence, and he has protected Henry for near a year, as the latter professed that he wanted nothing to do with the Southern Confederacy, but wished to remain loyal. These fiends in human shape are now at large, returning to their homes at pleasure and then going back to Humphrey Marshall's army. The citizens of Owingsville, who put these fiends upon the track of their victim and hunted him down like a wild beast, are known and should be punished, as accessories both before and after the fact of the murder. Such an outrage upon any citizen should not pass unavenged by the sternest enforcement of the laws, but Col. Sudduth met his death because he was a patriot, and one of the noblest specimens of mankind we have ever known."</div><div><br /></div><div>Major Sudduth's widow Mary Ellen took her husband's death hard. She noted, "I cannot yet say what I shall do for I am broken hearted it nearly kills me to think I had been so long separated from Mr Sudduth and that he came home just to be killed, the best Man that ever lived I am very sure and then he loved me so devotedly that he would have died for me any moment it was so hard to have him butchered in the way he was by such as set of devils. It seems to me I never shall be able to realize that he is gone forever as to being resigned to it it is impossible although I have to give him up."</div><div><br /></div><div>Maj. General Gordon Granger, commander of the Army of Kentucky, considered Sudduth's death an act by guerrillas. On January 12, 1863, he offered a $1000 bounty for Sudduth's killers. </div></div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmilp0oMJQzLDCra5qgwkDt9rIqvcuoIvKbaLFpyrGh83SSwsmmG6068VJLAoe1pS0AJegXENeWn_7wIpI0uOohsw0nwZGifOGANYmtYhbkf1KExxxztBaZidZi9iKtA6LUBdkYnVk14_Su8heg6DFLsJl-86mbxsBrnikvPubTYhRh8GLEIT6RKc1SQ/s360/Louisville%20Daily%20Journal,%20Jan.%2017,%201863,%20Sudduth%20Reward%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="282" data-original-width="360" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmilp0oMJQzLDCra5qgwkDt9rIqvcuoIvKbaLFpyrGh83SSwsmmG6068VJLAoe1pS0AJegXENeWn_7wIpI0uOohsw0nwZGifOGANYmtYhbkf1KExxxztBaZidZi9iKtA6LUBdkYnVk14_Su8heg6DFLsJl-86mbxsBrnikvPubTYhRh8GLEIT6RKc1SQ/s320/Louisville%20Daily%20Journal,%20Jan.%2017,%201863,%20Sudduth%20Reward%20(2).jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Louisville Daily Journal, January 17, 1863</td></tr></tbody></table><div>Attacks against Union citizens continued. Meanwhile, Major Sudduth's family was still dealing with the aftermath of his death. His widow Mary Ellen wrote on January 27th, 1863, that his son, "Newton is so much opposed to my leaving while he is here and I begin to think he will not leave here at all. He seems to have given up entirely and is drinking harder then I ever seen him and yet he is distressed to death about his Papa says he has not a friend left if forsake him ... There are Squads of men passing in from the Rebel Army constantly and the Union men have to have every few Days to keep out of their way A Man they took Prisoner near Mudlick Springs got away from them and was here last Sunday says they said they intended to kill Newt if it cost them their lives Greenwade was in the gang. I have tried every way to get him to leave but have failed, and if they come here in a gang they will be sure to get him he is drinking so much."</div><div><br /></div><div>The following day, January 28, 1863, a party of 150 rebels under Thomas Greenwade who was recruiting a company under Humphrey Marshall, appeared at Mudlick Springs. Hiram Jenkins, who, according to Sudduth's widow, had tried his best to earn Granger's bounty money, was killed as was Jenkins' son. 19 year old Thomas Yarber, son of Randolph Yarber and Annie Griffin from Olympian Springs, a paroled soldier of the 2nd OVI, was the third victim. He was a member of Company E, the Lafayette Guards from Cincinnati.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoBmnftXMAR3Rg4X5GBNpNU2XDIN-3BAu4McPc14SbOAjCy4J8Qe2os0Gj9UB-bQ7G9NrsdDliQ4Jlpy4PBBhi89JFJGUkyWa4nipuhFNFVnv2irUU3m7MUPehgSfb4i39yuxWeAMRsBnXo214bt6Qr1i7CKG0LSsP2XGydSlWd2zVKEWj_ig_2eJ5Ww/s1600/Thomas%20Yarber,%20pension%20index%20card%20for%20mother's%20pension.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoBmnftXMAR3Rg4X5GBNpNU2XDIN-3BAu4McPc14SbOAjCy4J8Qe2os0Gj9UB-bQ7G9NrsdDliQ4Jlpy4PBBhi89JFJGUkyWa4nipuhFNFVnv2irUU3m7MUPehgSfb4i39yuxWeAMRsBnXo214bt6Qr1i7CKG0LSsP2XGydSlWd2zVKEWj_ig_2eJ5Ww/s320/Thomas%20Yarber,%20pension%20index%20card%20for%20mother's%20pension.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thomas Yarber Pension index card</td></tr></tbody></table><div>Sudduth's Rangers, who in the past were able to offer at least some protection against these type of depredations, were no more. Many of them had joined the army and there simply were not enough men left to form a Home Guard that would be of any service.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/01/civil-war-in-bath-county-from-civilian.html" target="_blank">Sudduth's widow</a> decided to write a letter to Brig. General John Quincy Gilmore, division commander of the Army of Kentucky, imploring him to send troops and protect the Union citizens. Just days later, her greatest fears became reality when on February 1, 1863, a group of 250 rebels entered Owingsville at a late hour, "stripped two boot and shoe stores completely—even taking baby shoes—then entered a dry goods house, from which they took all the cotton cloth, women's shoes, and other articles. They then gathered all the quilts in the neighborhood and all the sacks that could be found for the purpose of carrying off their plunder. They also took about one hundred of the best horses in the vicinity." Union authorities reported that Rebels entered Owingsville Sunday night [1st]; robbed all the Union stores, stole 40 or 50 horses, and took off as prisoners several Union men." William Newton Sudduth was taken by the rebels. Fortunately, he was able to escape and return home. Other Unionists, including John Miller, the Jailer of Bath county as well as Mr. Gill, the proprietor of the Olympian Springs, fled for their lives to Mount Sterling. </div><div><div> </div><div>On February 20, 1863, Mary Ellen Sudduth noted, "I have felt so bad and so much depressed that it is a bother for me to live. Four months to Day since my happiness on Earth ceased. I am ruined and miserable every day makes my troubles more and harder to bear, it is the hardest trial I have ever had by far all put together are nothing to compare to it. it seems as if never can be able to realize that Mr Sudduth is dead. No mortal was missed so much. There is a Report here to Day that Peyton Miller was taken by a Party of Col Cochrans men a few days ago but I am so much afraid it is not true." This may have been the arrest eluded to by the <i>Louisville Daily Journal</i> on February 23, 1863, noting that a report from Paris had announced the capture of at least one of the murderers of Sudduth. However, there are no records confirming Peyton Miller's arrest. </div><div><br /></div><div>On March 18, 1863, Mary Ellen Sudduth wrote to her sister Anna, "There was two of the Villains taken Prisoner in the Winter that was there and took part in it (Sudduth's murder; MP) they were sent to Camp Chase and I am so afraid they will be released or exchanged I never knew until after the Mail was stopped that they were there Mrs Daniel said they eat Breakfast at her House and was bragging about it their names are Jesse Nelson and a Man named Hadden or Hatten. I wish you would see some one and get them to write to the Proper Authority at Camp Chase or do it your self I feel so anxious that all that took part in it should be punished." </div><div><br /></div><div>Mrs. Sudduth's fears seem justified. According to arrest records, Jesse Daniel Nelson and Thomas Hadden were capture in Powell County, Kentucky near Red River on December 26, 1862. Both men were sent to Vicksburg via Cairo for exchange, on January 11, 1863. Nelson was paroled at Camp Douglas, Ill., on March 30, 1863. There is no further record for Hadden. </div><div><br /></div><div>On February 26, 1863, the Kentucky legislature introduced a bill appropriating "$500 for expenses incurred by Col. Sudduth, in the service of the State, in the raising of troops for the State." The Frankfort Daily Commonwealth reported, that "Mr. PRALL addressed the Senate in a few eloquent remarks of eulogy on Col. Sudduth, and earnestly advocated the passage of the bill, only as an act of justice. On motion of Mr. RHEA, the vote rejecting the bill for the benefit of the widow of Col. James Sudduth, was reconsidered, and some discussion then ensued on the merits of the bill, in which Messrs. WRIGHT, PRALL, SPEED, and GOODLOE, advocated its passage, and Mr. WORTHINGTON opposed it, as setting a bad precedent." The bill eventually passed. </div><div><br /></div><div>Several months passed until additional guilty parties involved in Major Sudduth's killing were apprehended on June 16, 1863, following a raid on Maysville by Pete Everett. The <i>Maysville Eagle</i> reported that "Jas. A. Connor, one of them captured at Triplett's Bridge, was present at the murder of Major Sudduth last fall. He has been heavily ironed and confined in a seperate cell." Also captured was Nicholas Hadden "who helped to Murder Mr Sudduth." Mary Ellen Sudduth noted, "I am so afraid he will be turned loose as soon as I found out that they had him I wrote to Genl Sturgiss and he answered that he had written to the Provost Marshal to retain him and Jim Connor that he intended to make them tell all that was engaged in it.." Connor and Hadden were sent to Lexington and then to Camp Chase, Johnson's Island and finally to Pt. Lookout, Maryland. Conner died on Aug. 12, 1864, from acute dysentery. Hadden was released on oath, April 12, 1864.</div><div><br /></div><div>Mary Ellen Sudduth soon left her home in Bath County and moved to Fayette County to be closer to her family. According to a letter written by her from Owingsville on July 5, 1863, she seemed to have suffered from dropsy. She died a month later on August 4, 1863. The following note appeared in the <i>Louisville Daily Journal</i>, on Friday, August 7, 1863. "Mrs. Mary E. Sudduth died on Tuesday last at the residence of her mother, near Lexington. She was the widow of Major James Sudduth, of Bath county, who was so cruelly murdered by guerillas in that county last year."</div><div><br /></div><div>Major Sudduth's son William Newton Sudduth never overcame his father's death as well as the loss of his step mother Mary Ellen who seemed to have been his support. He died on January 24, 1864, at the Manning House in Springfield, Illinois, from "pneumonia, caused by intemperance."</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMEczFfpDDZMKlYcDA7FaG3yKuVhFMSdBUrgp59-uDoX8xM3yAE1o7Z_r9fLuAQf8VfWyjDPbwC_RpAHP47jIgjuRLBB-1L9Uqh67TByzNXqO_89iQTevzasw1c-M3BeUFLoF8Wyag7LzJ2qk5p4ly_TLzWRxi2AWuw80wFtW3OVKfRluRyh4mp-qOeQ/s339/Sangamo%20Journal%20-%20Illinois%20State%20Journal,%2025%20January%201864,%20Wm.%20N.%20Sudduth%20Death.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="339" data-original-width="264" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMEczFfpDDZMKlYcDA7FaG3yKuVhFMSdBUrgp59-uDoX8xM3yAE1o7Z_r9fLuAQf8VfWyjDPbwC_RpAHP47jIgjuRLBB-1L9Uqh67TByzNXqO_89iQTevzasw1c-M3BeUFLoF8Wyag7LzJ2qk5p4ly_TLzWRxi2AWuw80wFtW3OVKfRluRyh4mp-qOeQ/s320/Sangamo%20Journal%20-%20Illinois%20State%20Journal,%2025%20January%201864,%20Wm.%20N.%20Sudduth%20Death.jpg" width="249" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sangamon Journal - Illinois State Journal<br />January 25, 1864</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>Approximately 25 men were part of the group that were involved in Major Sudduth's killing. 13 of them are known by name, two of them are not 100% confirmed. The rest of the group have remained unknown up to this day. Some of the men belonged to Robert G. Stoner's Bath County Company of Cavalry, later Co. E, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles. </div></div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>Peyton Morris Miller</b></div><div>3rd Lt. /Captain, Co. E, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles</div><div>He was born in 1838 in Missouri, the son of John T. Miller, a physician and his wife Isabella. In 1850, the family lived in Bourbon County, Kentucky. In 1860, Miller clerked in a dry goods store in Owingsville. <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40586916/peyton-morris-miller" target="_blank">Burial site</a></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Anderson Bowman</b> </div><div>Private/Sergeant, Co. E, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Edward E. Sanders/Edwin E. Saunders</b></div><div>Ordinance Sgt./ 1st Lieutenant, Co. E, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles, mustered out Nov. 20, 1862.</div><div>Son of Oliver M. Saunders and wife Mariah Burns. Born abt. 1842. Place of residence was Sharpsburg. Died 5 Aug 1865. <a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/125922427/edwin-e.-saunders " target="_blank">burial site</a></div><div><br /></div><div><b>John "Hop" Bickley</b></div><div>Private, Co. E, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Walter W. Lane</b></div><div>Corporal, Co. E, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles, mustered out Nov. 20, 1862.</div><div>b. 1836, KY. Lived in Bethel, Bath County in 1880 and was a teacher.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>James N. Lane</b></div><div>Private, Co. E, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles, mustered out Nov. 20, 1862.</div><div>b. abt. 1842.</div><div><br /></div><div>Both Walter W. and James N. Lane were sons of William S. Lane of Sharpsburg, KY.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Gustavis S. Magee</b></div><div>2nd Lieutenant, Co. A, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles. Asst. Act. Quartermaster.</div><div>B. abt. 1829, farmer in Harrison Co. KY in 1860, District No. 1.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>George M. Ewing </b></div><div>Captain, Co. H, 5th KY Mounted. Infantry. Mustered out Oct. 22, 1862.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Henry Ewing</b></div><div>Co. F, First Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles</div><div><br /></div><div>Both Ewings were sons of iron master Joshua Ewing, who, with Harrison Connor, built Caney Furnace abt. 1837-38. Henry Ewing served as deputy sheriff of Bath County in 1860. There are no surviving service records for Henry Ewing. His service is mentioned in his obituary. He served as a commissioner of the Confederate Home at Pee Wee Valley.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>James A. Conner</b></div><div>Private, Co. F, 2nd Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles</div><div>Captured at Tripletts Bridge, June 16, 1863. Arrived from Lexington, KY at Camp Chase, June 24, 1863. Sent to Johnson's Island, June 26, 1863. Sent to Point Lookout, Nov. 30, 1863. Died Aug. 12, 1864, Pt. Lookout, Maryland, from acute dysentery. 6' 4", hazel eyes, dark hair, dark complexion, 41 years old.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>Jesse Daniel Nelson</b></div><div>Corp./Sgt., Co. E, 1st Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles, enl. Oct. 12, 1861, Camp Buckner, Cumberland Ford, present at muster-out Nov. 20, 1862, Abingdon, VA.</div><div>Private Co. E, 2nd Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles, enl. Dec. 20, 186?, captured Dec. 25, 1862.</div></div><div>When captured he gave his names as Jesse Daniel Nelson and his unit as 5th Kentucky Cavalry. Captured Dec. 26, 1862, Red River, Powell Co. KY.; taken to Lexington, KY; sent by Provost Marshal to Vicksburg for exchange, Jan. 2, 1863 (date appearing on roll of prisoners); sent to Vicksburg via Cairo, Jan. 11, 1863; paroled Camp Douglas, Ill. March 30, 1863; no other service record.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>Thomas Hadden</b></div><div>Private, Co. A, 5th Kentucky Cavalry, sent to Vicksburg via Cairo, Jan. 11, 1863; no other service record. Captured with Jesse Daniel Nelson.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>Nicholas Hadden</b></div><div>Private, Co. B (Pete Everett's Company), 1st Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles</div><div>Enl. Sept. 1, 1862, Mt. Sterling; absent since Oct. 20, 1862; captured June 16, 1863, Triplett's Bridge, received at Camp Chase June 24, 1863 from Lexington, KY; 6 ft; 23 years old, blue eyes, light hair, fair complexion; Transf. to Johnson's Island June 26, 1863; sent to Point Lookout, Nov. 30, 1863; released on oath April 12, 1864. </div></div><div>B. abt. 1840, from Montgomery County, Kentucky. </div><div><br /></div><div><u>Uncertain about exact identity</u></div><div><br /></div><div><i>M. Carpenter</i></div><div>Private, Co. H, 5th KY Mounted Infantry, mustered out Oct. 22, 1862</div><div>OR</div><div><i>Willis Green Carpenter</i></div><div>Private, Co. D, 5th KY Mounted Infantry until mustered out October 20, 1862 at Hazel Green; captured July 22, 1863, at Mt. Sterling and went to Camp Chase until February 8, 1865 when released upon taking the oath. CSA pension. From Bath County, KY but resided in Morgan County, KY in 1865.</div><div><br /></div><div><i>James L. Jarvis</i></div><div>5th Sgt./hospital steward, Co. E, 5th Kentucky Mounted Infantry</div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Links of Interest</span></b></div><div><b><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></b></div><div><a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/mal1570900/" target="_blank">Abraham Lincoln papers: Series 1. General Correspondence. 1833-1916: James Sudduth to John B. Temple, Sunday, April 27, 1862 (Affairs in Kentucky)</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://discovery.civilwargovernors.org/document/KYR-0001-028-0053" target="_blank">Civil War Governors of Kentucky: James Sudduth to Governor James F. Robinson</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="https://exploreuk.uky.edu/catalog/xt7mw6693p5m_5" target="_blank">Cooper-Phillips family papers, letters from Ellen Cooper to Anna Cooper</a>, University of Kentucky Special Collections</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/01/civil-war-in-bath-county-from-civilian.html" target="_blank">Civil War in Bath County from a Civilian Perspective - Mary E. Sudduth's letter to General Quincy A. Gilmore</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/03/colonel-roy-s-cluke-and-arrests-of-dr.html" target="_blank">Colonel Roy S. Cluke and the Arrests of Dr. Joshua Barnes & George W. Deatley</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Researched, t</em><em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ranscribed and written </em><em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">by Marlitta H. Perkins, April 2022. Updated May 1, 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</em></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-4456789341162930982022-04-01T08:19:00.004-04:002022-04-01T08:22:55.043-04:00Civil War Burials - Johnson County, Kentucky<p> <span style="text-align: justify;">On July 17, 1862, Congress passed
an act that those who gave their lives in defense of the Republic should rest
forever within the guarded confines of a national cemetery. Immediately following
the end of the Civil War in 1865, the Quartermaster Department, being tasked to
care for the Army's dead, initiated plans plans to locate and exhume human
remains from battlefields and other temporary graves to concentrate them in
national cemeteries. General Orders No. 40, issued July 3, 1865, sought lists
of interments registered during the war, but only documentation for less than
30 percent of the dead was produced; it then became necessary to review
casualty reports. As a result, General Orders No. 65, issued on October 30,
1865, requested the locations of cemeteries and gave recommendations for their
preservation.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">A joint resolution of Congress,
approved April 13, 1866, authorized and required the Secretary of War “to take
immediate measures to preserve from desecration the graves of soldiers of the
United States who fell in battle or died of disease in the field and in
hospitals during the war of the rebellion.” National cemeteries were officially
established with the Act to Establish and to Protect National Cemeteries,
approved February 22, 1867.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The work of the Quartermaster
Department proved to be enormously challenging, especially in regard to making
identifications. The vast majority of the graves were marked with temporary
wooden headboards which were either decaying, had fallen to the ground or were completely destroyed. Efforts were
made to locate witnesses who could point out the graves and/or identify the
soldiers and the circumstances of their deaths. However, only 58% of the
disinterred and reburied soldiers were identified. Despite the difficulties
encountered the work went forward so rapidly between 1866 and 1870, that the
Cemeterial Division had disinterred the remains of nearly 300,000 war dead and
laid them to rest in 73 newly created national cemeteries. In September 1871, Assistant
Quartermaster J. D. Bingham submitted a report to Quartermaster General Meigs,
listing seventy-four national cemeteries containing the remains of 303,536
Union soldiers. Bingham reported that 2,295 Union dead had been removed to the
nearest national cemetery that year, and that he believed few, if any, remains
were unaccounted for.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">While working in the Big Sandy
Valley, the Quartermaster Department located four burial sites in Johnson
County. The remains of the Union soldiers were taken to New Albany National
Cemetery in New Albany, Indiana. The largest site by far was what is known
today as the Old Town Cemetry, located on Church Street in Paintsville.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">According to records, the
majority of soldiers who died in Paintsville served during J. A. Garfield’s
Eastern Kentucky Campaign of 1861/1862. The continuous mix of rain, snow and
sleet quickly turned the camps into swamps. Crowded living conditions, with
12-15 men cramped into one company tent, quickly aided the spread of disease.
Many tents lacked stoves which forced the men to stand around campfires in knee
deep mud in order to keep warm. The weather also hampered the food supply and
the men had to live on half rations. In consequence, disease became rampant and
reduced the ranks drastically. Only the most urgent cases were admitted to the
hospital because of lack of sufficient room. Regiments mostly affected were the
14th Kentucky Infantry and 42nd OVI.<span style="text-align: center;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u>Old Town Cemetery, Paintsville (23 Union burials plus 1 Confederate
grave)<o:p></o:p></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p> </o:p>Described as a “public graveyard
in an old cultivated field.” The graves in the soldiers’ burial lot were in poor
condition and the headboards mostly non-existent (mainly because they were made
from wooden boards and deteriorated quickly). With the exception of two graves,
none of the twenty-three burials were identifiable and were logged as
“unknown.” In addition, the Quartermaster’s burial register also noted a
“rebel grave” as well as two citizens graves which were located among the Union
burials.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKkGCv2cvHw2J0TyXotU612_Ka234L7H2v9yu_ysm6DuroBzEg87CCpfhzOOULvIVYfCTQdtybR4FA86iOYibPUlnImJcUhhU2OMjXH6eFdzJYQIh1Rr-tLWF-DhbQM8cje_RDzC69a6a8ZA9s_vf_DJ_kAOSms3QsVefxeshpavnaqd8XEqNfz1G4oA/s3296/Paintsville%20burials%201,%20New%20Albany%20National%20Cemetery.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1293" data-original-width="3296" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKkGCv2cvHw2J0TyXotU612_Ka234L7H2v9yu_ysm6DuroBzEg87CCpfhzOOULvIVYfCTQdtybR4FA86iOYibPUlnImJcUhhU2OMjXH6eFdzJYQIh1Rr-tLWF-DhbQM8cje_RDzC69a6a8ZA9s_vf_DJ_kAOSms3QsVefxeshpavnaqd8XEqNfz1G4oA/w400-h158/Paintsville%20burials%201,%20New%20Albany%20National%20Cemetery.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sketch of cemetery found in the US QM Burial Register</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>14th Kentucky Infantry (13 deaths)</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The highest casualty rate at
Paintsville was sustained by the 14th Kentucky Infantry who lost thirteen men.
Much can be attributed to the fact that the regiment was ordered to remain in
Paintsville until the end of March when Garfield’s campaign ended, in order to
guard the stores of the brigade while the remainder of Garfield’s troops moved
up the Big Sandy River to Piketon on <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">February 9/10, 1862.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">James W. Rose</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. B - January 18, 1862, </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">wound in the thigh<span style="color: black;"> received in Battle of Middle Creek<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jeremiah Fitch</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. I -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>January 22, 1862, typhoid fever<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">James B. Arthur</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. C - Camp Buell, Febuary 6, 1862,
disease<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">John Taylor</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. H - February 7/15, 1862, camp fever<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">John Keen</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. F - Camp Buell, February 10, 1862, typhoid
fever<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Samuel Vermillion</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. H - February 10, 1862, camp fever<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ambrose Jones</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. C - February 15, 1862, disease<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">George Bruner</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. F - Camp Buell, February 17, 1862,
typhoid fever<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Lindsey Lambert</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. C -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>February 25, 1862, disease<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Isaac Johnson</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. B - March 3, 1862, congestion of
the lungs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Solomon Quillan</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. K - March 6, 1862, fever<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Henry Adkins</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. C - March 16, 1862, disease<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Robert P. Elam</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. I - Camp Buell, March 24, 1862,
accidental discharge of musket</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">42nd OVI (10 deaths) <o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">William Gardner and Frederick C.
Coffin were t</span>he first two burials in the regiment which took place on
January 14, 1862. <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Captain Henry noted, “Today the wounded boys of Companies F and G, two of
them, were buried. The ceremony was impressive and many looked sad when they
saw the escort march up that hill to the graves.” Another comrade stated that they
were buried “in the evening with military honors. A very solemn scene.”<span style="color: black;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p> </o:p></span><i>Corporal William Gardner</i>, Co. G - January 12, 1862, wounds received
in Battle of Middle Creek. Gardner’s body was buried under a cedar tree. His
headboard bore the following inscription: <i>In
Memory of Crpl Wm Gardner who was wounded in the battle of Middle Creek and
died Jany 12-1862, aged 24 years ~ Co “G” 42# Regt OV U.S.A</i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(USVA, grave # 1234, Section B; </span>Find A
Grave Memorial ID <span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">3283781)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Frederick C. Coffin</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. C/F - January 13, 1862, wounds received
in Battle of Middle Creek<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Frederick C. Coffin had succumbed to his
wounds while being transported by boat on the Big Sandy River from Prestonsburg
to Paintsville. A head board was not located for his grave. Therefore, he is
one of the unknown soldiers in the cemetery.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">John
Beachley</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. H - January 22, 1862, measles. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">According to a comrade, on </span>January 23,
1862,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“a<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">t 2 o'clock in the afternoon, Beachley was
buried with military honors.” His grave had no headboard.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Reuben
Blunt/ Blunot/Blanot</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. E - January 28, 1862, drowned in the Big Sandy
River near Paintsville, by falling overboard a steamboat. His grave is one of
two that were positively identified. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(</span>USVA, grave # 1237, Plot Section B;
Find A Grave Memorial ID 168793811)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Five more deaths were recorded in the 42nd
OVI:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Corporal
Julian W. Smith</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, d. Jan. 29, 1862, hospital, Paintsville <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Milton
Flint</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. E - February 1, 1862, hospital <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Luke
Flint</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. E - February 7, 1862, hospital <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">George
Sexton</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. E - February 7, 1862, hospital, disease<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Milo
A. Hobert</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. K - February 28, 1862, typhoid fever</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1st Kentucky Cavalry (4 deaths)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wm. John Noland (Andrew J. Nolan)</i>, Co. F - January 10, 1862, typhoid
fever<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Robert F. Raborn (Raybourne)</i>, Co. L - January 14, 1862, fever<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moses Teater</i>, Co. G - January 15, 1862, disease<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wm. A. Branch</i>, Co. L -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>January 26, 1862, fever (his horse died Feb 10, 1862)</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">40th OVI Soldiers who died at Paintsville (3 deaths)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">James
M. Radenbaugh</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. E - 1862, buried soldiers’ burial lot in Paintsville <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jefferson
Postle</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. C - February 7, 1862, disease, buried soldiers’ burial lot in
Paintsville <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Charles
C. Henderson</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. A - January 1862, disease (may have died at Ashland; records are
inconclusive)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2nd WV Cavalry (2 deaths)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amos McKee</i>, Co. B - January 8, 1862, kia, body taken home<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Albert Leonard</i>, Co. C - January 8, 1862, kia, body taken home</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><u>Union Deaths in Paintsville
1862 to 1865</u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">McLaughlin’s Squadron (1 death)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">James Bunting</i>, Co. B - Sept. 4, 1862<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In December of 1863, sickness raged through the ranks of the
soldiers in the District of Eastern Kentucky. For the month of December 1863,
the returns to headquarters show 911 aggregate present while the total
aggregate present and absent show 1,901 men, a difference of 990 soldiers. A
typhoid outbreak among the troops stationed at Paintsville claimed several
victims, mostly new recruits, who may have been buried at the Old Town
Cemetery.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">14th Kentucky Infantry (3 deaths)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Thomas Marshall</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. F - Dec. 2, 1863, of typhoid fever<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Henry
C. Power</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. F - Dec. 8, 1863, typhoid fever<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Emanuel J. Hickem</span></i><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, Co. F - Dec. 17, 1863, typhoid fever</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">45th Kentucky Infantry (1 death)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">James Burchett</i>, Co. C - December 4, 1863/Jan. 4, 1864, of typhoid
fever. According to the late local historian Janet Horn, James Burchett is
still buried in the cemetery although there is no stone marking his grave. No
notation is found in the Quartermaster Department’s burial register that a body
was left behind in this cemetery. However, there is a slight possibility that
his grave may have been overlooked when the bodies were taken up. James
Burchett was the 16 year old son of Leonard Burchett and Lydia Osborn who lived
in Flatgap, Johnson County, Kentucky. His father served three weeks each in the
5th Kentucky Infantry (CS) and Fields’ Company of Partisan Rangers (CS) during
the Civil War.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">39th Kentucky Infantry (2 deaths)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Isaac Vicars</i>, Co. C - KIA, April 13, 1864, gun shot wound, a “rebel
ball passing through his body.” He was killed during the “Battle of Paintsville.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jason Bennett</i>, Co. K - December 13/8, 1864, pneumonia fever,
hospital</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">6th US Colored Cavalry (1 death)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Joseph Nelson</i>, Co. C, d. December 20, 1864, in hospital in
Paintsville</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><u>Final analysis of the burials
in the Old Town Cemetery<o:p></o:p></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">During the Civil War, a total of
40 US soldiers died in Paintsville, Kentucky. However, the US Quartermaster
burial register document 23 Union graves, two of which were positively
identified. The bodies of two men were taken home soon after their death and
were probably never buried in the Old Town Cemetery. What remains are 36
casualties yet only 21 graves. Since the remaining 21 burials were marked as
unknown, it begs the question who of the 36 men not identified in the register
were still in the cemetery, had been taken home or were perhaps buried at an
unknown location? It is possible, even though unlikely, that some burials in
the cemetery were overlooked by the Quartermaster<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Department or that they failed to locate other
burial sites in or near Paintsville. Unless more documentation surfaces, these
questions may never be answered.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Aside from the Old Town Cemetery,
the US Quartermaster Department located three additional burial sites in
Johnson County.</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><u>Old family cemetery opposite Big Paint Creek (2 burials)</u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">This cemetery contained the
graves of two soldiers. The cemetery is described as an “old family grave yard”
which was located “600 feet from Bend of River opposite Big Paint Creek.”</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBs9pl-co7DRNTgEY3C569M_JjQ1i4eU_IiolMUpoPkfPohZAYLDdDa3mGCd5YrosTKJzdqSzPAJvToYQ4LqWMLOjY94JPx_I2PzGUiRlJAyYv1Vm16I1UAJN6bjFPya_6SsTH78idY0M5tXa7AJPHJlLtdpnM4lu20P8JVjVldt4lgylTi2IP83fYog/s1356/Big%20Paint%20Burials,%20New%20Albany%20National%20Cemetery%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1326" data-original-width="1356" height="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBs9pl-co7DRNTgEY3C569M_JjQ1i4eU_IiolMUpoPkfPohZAYLDdDa3mGCd5YrosTKJzdqSzPAJvToYQ4LqWMLOjY94JPx_I2PzGUiRlJAyYv1Vm16I1UAJN6bjFPya_6SsTH78idY0M5tXa7AJPHJlLtdpnM4lu20P8JVjVldt4lgylTi2IP83fYog/w400-h391/Big%20Paint%20Burials,%20New%20Albany%20National%20Cemetery%20(2).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sketch of cemetery found in the US QM Burial Register</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i>Unknown soldier</i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">His grave was enclosed by a
fence. His remains were not taken up by
the Quartermaster Department.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i>William A. Lackey, Co. I, 39th Kentucky Infantry <o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Drowned in Big Paint Creek, April
20, 1864. Lackey was on picket duty and after being relieved, he was returning to camp on the
northside of Paint Creek which was much swollen. In attempting to cross, he
became disengaged from his horse in deep water and was drowned. The Adjutant
was present at the time and assisted in getting his body from the water.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Lackey was buried in his clothes.
William N. Randolph, Co. A, 39h KY, Commissary Sergeant, attended the burial
and later helped the Quartermaster Department to locate Lackey’s grave and
identify him. Lackey's grave was located opposite of the fenced-in unknown
soldiers’ grave, and 15 feet south of a Beech tree. A stone with the initials
W. A. L. carved into it, was placed at the head of grave.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">USVA, grave # 1241, Section B;
Find A Grave Memorial ID 3284789</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><u>Burial site on George W. Auxier's land, Big Sandy River & Little
Paint Creek (1 burial)<o:p></o:p></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">“Located on Big Sandy River on
left hand side, coming from Piketon, 250 yards below Little Paint Creek, 600
feet from the river and 12 feet west of a small white walnut tree on George W.
Auxier's land, on a bluff on the opposite side of River from Auxier's house.”</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOW3u7gjunZEuxIqAUKVQ4lk_lvAUMxCIEc25_R_xa6yfmfMLK3AjR2qPGrgshuSz3MIYS177g43NA8lSFw4yuJ807Kr616wrTOfdGGkbvOUFrwmGEcwQy9M3Ajv9paloPqHimGC3kNR-kwwONXfNP6PZZR2fYQje6hUXKn7zMcLZhZhcgeO75bqS5A/s2476/Auxier,%20Big%20Sandy,%20New%20Albany%20National%20Cemetery.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1376" data-original-width="2476" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOW3u7gjunZEuxIqAUKVQ4lk_lvAUMxCIEc25_R_xa6yfmfMLK3AjR2qPGrgshuSz3MIYS177g43NA8lSFw4yuJ807Kr616wrTOfdGGkbvOUFrwmGEcwQy9M3Ajv9paloPqHimGC3kNR-kwwONXfNP6PZZR2fYQje6hUXKn7zMcLZhZhcgeO75bqS5A/w400-h223/Auxier,%20Big%20Sandy,%20New%20Albany%20National%20Cemetery.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sketch of cemetery found in the US QM Burial Register</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">George Washington Auxier was the
son of Nathaniel Auxier and Hester Ann Mayo.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i>Corporal Keanas F. Lacy, Co. C, 39th Kentucky Infantry </i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Keanas F. Lacy drowned in Middle
Creek, on March 16, 1864. Stone at head and foot of grave, no marks on them.
The grave and soldier was identified by Lindsey Maners (possibly Linsey Manard
(wife Martha) from Pike County, Kentucky) who helped bury him. He was buried
without a coffin. Lacy was wearing cavalry pants, spurs and “two good boots.”</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">(USVA, grave #1216, Section B;
Find A Grave Memorial ID 3284786)</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><u>Jefferson Conley Farm, Little Paint Creek (1 burial)<o:p></o:p></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">“Located at Little Paint Creek,
six miles south of Paintsville, on Jefferson Conley's farm, 3/4 of a mile west
from Mr. Conley's house, on the outside of a fence in bank and 22 feet east
from where a branch puts into Little Paint Creek and 35 feet to middle of State
Road where it crosses Little Paint Creek and 3/4 of a mile west of bend in
River, opposite J. Conley's house.”</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPCBMjjelN732LYcfMpAmj6A5iz2jdf29AxjR_8HN-YeKn0vN_Byom5iEy59-Q2AcijjN8JskHEGHoqy5f8x7Ng1X8MriWxtw-Ms9OBL2iDi9VxMTFzK3ZK0cDGFqvLqcU7txm3Wh12nqrgwWzEB_h6da1DxO-YJrc1HbnYO-y1yrggRkjLigwE8_Grw/s2827/Jefferson%20Conley%20Farm,%20Little%20Paint%20Creek,%20New%20Albany%20National%20Cemetery.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1477" data-original-width="2827" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPCBMjjelN732LYcfMpAmj6A5iz2jdf29AxjR_8HN-YeKn0vN_Byom5iEy59-Q2AcijjN8JskHEGHoqy5f8x7Ng1X8MriWxtw-Ms9OBL2iDi9VxMTFzK3ZK0cDGFqvLqcU7txm3Wh12nqrgwWzEB_h6da1DxO-YJrc1HbnYO-y1yrggRkjLigwE8_Grw/w400-h209/Jefferson%20Conley%20Farm,%20Little%20Paint%20Creek,%20New%20Albany%20National%20Cemetery.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sketch of cemetery found in the US QM Burial Register</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i>Unknown US Colored soldier (possibly 5th or 6th US Colored Cavalry)</i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Unknown soldier, who “froze to
death in December 1864 while returning from raid to Saltville, Va.” He was
buried by a citizen. This soldier was possibly a member of the 5th or 6th US
Colored Cavalry who participated in Stoneman’s Raid into Southwest Virginia,
which lasted from December 10 to December 29, 1864. <i><o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Of the 27 remains located in
Johnson County, which excludes the unknown Confederate burial, 26 were taken to
New Albany National Cemetery in Indiana. One soldier was left in his original
grave, by request of family or friends. Most of the men were re-interred in
Sections A and B, with the exception of the US colored soldier who were laid
to rest in Section C. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: #274e13;">Links of Interest</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000832751" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">Roll of honor; names of soldiers who died in defense of the American union, interred in the national [and other] cemeteries</a><span style="text-align: left;">. </span><span style="color: #38761d; text-align: left;"><b>27 volumes. (Available on Hathi Trust Digital Library)</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"></span><span style="color: #38761d; text-align: left;"><b>Burial Ledgers. The National Cemetery Administration, Washington, D.C. (Original records transferred to NARA: Burial Registers, compiled 1867-2006, documenting the period 1831-2006. ARC ID: 5928352. Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, 1773–2007, Record Group 15. National Archives at Washington, D.C. (Available on Ancestry.com) </b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><br style="text-align: left;" /><a href="https://gravelocator.cem.va.gov/" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">Nationwide Gravesite Locator</a><br style="text-align: left;" /><span style="color: #38761d; text-align: left;"><b>National Cemetery Administration, US Department of Veterans Affairs</b></span><br style="text-align: left;" /><br style="text-align: left;" /><a href="https://www.cem.va.gov/CEM/cems/nchp/newalbany.asp" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">New Albany National Cemetery</a><br style="text-align: left;" /><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #38761d;">New Albany, Indiana</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-align: left;">Researched, compiled and written by Marlitta H. Perkins. Originally published in 2018 by the Johnson County Kentucky Historical Society. Published on-line April 2022. This specific article is under full copyright. Copyright © 2018, 2022, All Rights Reserved.</em></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><o:p></o:p></p>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-12688839281703526292022-03-28T20:25:00.003-04:002022-03-29T11:13:46.115-04:00Colonel Roy S. Cluke and the Arrests of Dr. Joshua Barnes & George W. Deatley<p>The Civil War had a profound effect on the lives of civilians who resided in areas of conflict and were often caught between the contending armies. In the countryside, soldiers destroyed and appropriated property, seized food, or burned fences. In towns, private homes, schools, churches, and court houses were appropriated for military use. These difficult circumstances kept the population on constant alert. Civilians were also subject to arrest by the military, sometimes on the suspicion of being a spy or other clandestine activities, but also for political reasons. </p><p>One such arrest was reported in the Louisville Courier-Journal on March 24, 1863. It noted the arrest of Dr. Joshua Barnes of Bath County, Kentucky, by rebels under the command of Colonel Roy S. Cluke, 8th Kentucky Cavalry (CSA).</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-TYOEB-PFYZhd3qb6eB5r9Yrtk-sb6xJejMSBe9tKK0gTIak7F58bRDWLPaJMFahQ6u3QkGj9Csbm4DfXkkTfAwHdXYWUJZbiaQFzzkU0LQA9mLQKliNCx7NI3APuXWDXKzKK8lhmKtxIJMbwnrcYpRk5wc6bYLKRDG9ROxxgw-wxm5tOAokB8NPTVg/s764/Dr.%20Joshua%20Barnes%20Arrest,%20March%2013,%201863,%20Sharpsburg,%20KY.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="465" data-original-width="764" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-TYOEB-PFYZhd3qb6eB5r9Yrtk-sb6xJejMSBe9tKK0gTIak7F58bRDWLPaJMFahQ6u3QkGj9Csbm4DfXkkTfAwHdXYWUJZbiaQFzzkU0LQA9mLQKliNCx7NI3APuXWDXKzKK8lhmKtxIJMbwnrcYpRk5wc6bYLKRDG9ROxxgw-wxm5tOAokB8NPTVg/w400-h244/Dr.%20Joshua%20Barnes%20Arrest,%20March%2013,%201863,%20Sharpsburg,%20KY.png" width="400" /></a></div><p>Dr. Joshua Barnes, born about 1804 in Kentucky, was the son of Joseph Barnes and Phoebe Stockton. The family moved to Bath County in the early 1820s and settled in Sharpsburg. Joshua Barnes was a physician by trade. In 1850, he owned seventeen enslaved persons. By 1860, the number had increased to twenty-six. In 1862, Barnes was elected on the Union ticket to fill the place of Van Buren Young in the Kentucky House of Representatives and was sworn into office on August 16, 1862. </p><p>In February of 1863, Colonel Roy S. Cluke embarked on a raid through Kentucky with 750 men and horses from Murfreesboro, Tennessee. His activities kept Union authorities scrambling for more than six weeks. Despite being vigorously chased, Cluke managed to outrun and outflank his pursuers until he left the state at the end of March 1863.</p><p>On February 18, 1863, Cluke's forces arrived at the banks of the Cumberland River. From there, he made his way to Somerset, Mount Vernon, and Richmond. On February 22, 1863, Cluke's force passed through Winchester, where he divided his command. Lt. Colonel Robert Stoner, 9th Kentucky Cavalry, CSA, was ordered to Mt. Sterling. Thus began a cat and mouse game between Cluke and the Federal forces in the course of which Mt. Sterling changed hands several times. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh69Xb7xCxVZr4G9aUqwgDuM3r4afXa007zpzjOwrz331-21y6VRHtqJr3KtmkpoYSweLGR-Ja_BchsKrJ3b_GYETpG--Ul0r0zq4t5RZYf8vm8HTCjB4fBfj0XFeWlBuhLgTGgQ5-sCEDAXU9jqXvpLpZ3dgFuNeRSnZccIpkcNyn1QLg2a-nrx9HYmQ/s480/Roy%20S%20Cluke%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="354" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh69Xb7xCxVZr4G9aUqwgDuM3r4afXa007zpzjOwrz331-21y6VRHtqJr3KtmkpoYSweLGR-Ja_BchsKrJ3b_GYETpG--Ul0r0zq4t5RZYf8vm8HTCjB4fBfj0XFeWlBuhLgTGgQ5-sCEDAXU9jqXvpLpZ3dgFuNeRSnZccIpkcNyn1QLg2a-nrx9HYmQ/w295-h400/Roy%20S%20Cluke%20(2).jpg" width="295" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: "Confederate Veteran Association of Kentucky" <br />Fifth Edition, Lexington, 1895, page 62</td></tr></tbody></table><p>On February 23, 1863, part of the 14th Kentucky Cavalry, under Major R. T. Williams, was at Mt. Sterling, numbering only one hundred and seventy-five effective men, the rest of the battalion being off on a scout in Rowan county. Hearing about the approach of Confederate forces, Major Williams started with his scanty command toward Winchester until he learned the superior force of the enemy and that they had two pieces of cannon. He fell back to a strong position and posted his men for a fight. Before sunset, Major Williams received orders from Lexington to fall back to Paris and destroy all the stores he could not carry with him. Tents and camp equipage were packed in haste and the column started, most of the commissary stored having been distributed among the citizens. A very small amount of Quartermaster's stores were burned. When the Major had gone about two miles the rebels came up and attacked his train, capturing twelve or fifteen of the wagons and teams. </p><p>Stoner's men subsequently occupied Mt. Sterling. By the following day, Cluke's entire command was concentrated in town. The men were busying themselves collecting horses, equipment and food. The Confederates remained for one day and left on the morning of February 25, 1863, having received word that a brigade under the command of Colonel Benjamin P. Runkle was moving their way. </p><p>Cluke may have left Mount Sterling but he had no intentions of leaving the area. He had taken up a strong position on Slate Creek, abt. 13 miles from Mt. Sterling. On February 26, Runkle moved on Cluke with cavalry, infantry and artillery, but hearing of the Federals' approach, Cluke vacated his position and retreated up the east fork of Slate Creek towards Owingsville.</p><p>Runkle was fully prepared to pursue Cluke to Owingsville. However, upon his return to Mt. Sterling, he found that he had received orders to move his force immediately to Lexington. Runkle noted, "I did not believe this order to be genuine, and, being informed that the couriers were suspicious personages, and unable to give an intelligible account of themselves, I believed it to be a Morganish trick; but knowing the penalty of disobeying a genuine order, I did, to the regret of my whole command, obey, and moved toward Paris. I did this because Paris was the nearest telegraphic point, and but 5 miles out of the way. At Paris I could settle the genuineness of the order." </p><p>No sooner had Runkle's brigade departed Mt. Sterling on February 26, 1863, when Cluke made another appearance in town. A small force of three hundred and fifty Union soldiers had been left behind as garrison. Fifty of them were captured, together with all their commissary stores, arms, etc. This time, Cluke and his command were able to remain in town quite unmolested for several days while Runkle was off searching for rebels near Winchester.</p><p>At sunrise on the 2nd of March, 1863, Runkle's brigade once again moved toward Mt. Sterling. Around 10 o'clock, they encountered Cluke's pickets which were posted about 3 miles outside the city limits. 200 rebels were still in town. Runkle's men drove the pickets through the middle of Mt. Sterling and then went in hot pursuit of the fleeing Confederates.</p><p>By all appearances it looked like Cluke decided to make a stand in the vicinity of Howard's Mills, roughly seven miles from Mt. Sterling. Colonel Runkle advanced to attack. "I discovered on my nearer approach that they had no intention of fighting, and that to cross the creek would only be to weary my horses, some of which were utterly used up. I therefore ordered Captain Marsh to open upon them with shell. Upon his getting the range and dropping a shell in their ranks, they immediately retired."</p><p>At this point, Cluke was heading with his force into Bath County on the road leading to the Olympian Springs. Union authorities suspected that Cluke's destination was Hazel Green. However, on March 7, a large rebel force was reported near Owingsville. General Q. A. Gillmore noted "to account for any rebel force in Bath is that Cluke did not go out via Hazle Green, but has been perdu in the hills for some days." </p><p>At least part of Cluke's men had gone to Hazel Green where they had a brush with Federal forces from Irvine on March 9, 1863. The remainder of Cluke's command were encamped at Ficklin's tan yard which was located on the main road from Mt. Sterling to Olympian Springs near Peeled Oak in Bath County.</p><p>It was during this time, that elements of Cluke's force made their way to Sharpsburg and arrested Dr. Joshua Barnes on March 13, 1863. Also taken prisoner that day was 51 year old George W. Deatley, a farm hand, who boarded with the family of Alvin Stephens. By March 14, 1863, most of Cluke's command was concentrated at Hazel Green. Barnes later related to Dr. Peters of Lexington, that while in Cluke's camp, "he had a good deal of conversation with a very intelligent rebel soldier." On March 15, 1863, he was released on parole.</p><p>Union authorities responded in kind to the news of Barnes' and Deatley's arrests and promptly arrested two prominent men of Sharpsburg as hostages.</p><p>53 year old Sanford Allen was a wealthy merchant and banker. He formerly served as Postmaster of Sharpsburg, from 1834 to 1837. Allen was also involved in land speculation in Iowa between 1854 and 1859. Additionally, he owned real estate in Wisconsin. In 1860, he was listed as a slave holder and owned 12 enslaved persons. Allen was arrested on March 16, 1863, and reported at the Provost Marshal's Office at Mt. Sterling on March 20, 1863.</p><p>Provost Marshals Office</p><p>Mt. Sterling Ky March 20th 1863</p><p>I Sanford Allen of Bath County Kentucky being one of the Persons arrested by the United States forces on the 16th instant as hostage for Joshua Barnes of Bath County Ky, do hereby solemnly swear that I will not take up arms against the United States Government, that I will not aid or abet the Confederate Government, or do anything prejudicial (?) to the United States Government, that in Case said Joshua Barnes is not unconditionally released on or before the 10th of May 1863 from his parole taken before Col Cluke C. S. A. on the 15th Instant, I will report myself at Camp Chase in the State of Ohio on or before the 18th of May 1863</p><p>Sanford Allen</p><p>The penalty for violating this parole is death.</p><p>Attest</p><p>Saml McKee Capt.</p><p>+ Provost Marshal</p><p>(As an interesting side note...just two days after Captain Samuel McKee, 14th Kentucky Cavalry (US), signed Allen's parole, he, too, would find himself Cluke's prisoner when the Confederates took Mt. Sterling for the third time on March 22, 1863. It nearly cost McKee his life.)</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtdtX0LykDTsdnChnjsp2Sy1bpz7aYtdzWUMqx1CPAb6Txf7gncbuWgiweDWn8Va2hKBnylD7EJMY1QIiMgv7ydXVlq02Rh9R-SsQzKW-zWcoRRpZvOn22gNqYTmBsHR8vq_tzfhKQeZB2AVsFIbzOrq8Cjl1Sv7ZRooxR1KGs2019DTBgx6LDNb5MOQ/s1600/Barnes,%20Joshua,%20Sanford%20Allen%20parole.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1385" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtdtX0LykDTsdnChnjsp2Sy1bpz7aYtdzWUMqx1CPAb6Txf7gncbuWgiweDWn8Va2hKBnylD7EJMY1QIiMgv7ydXVlq02Rh9R-SsQzKW-zWcoRRpZvOn22gNqYTmBsHR8vq_tzfhKQeZB2AVsFIbzOrq8Cjl1Sv7ZRooxR1KGs2019DTBgx6LDNb5MOQ/w346-h400/Barnes,%20Joshua,%20Sanford%20Allen%20parole.jpg" width="346" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sanford Allen Parole</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The second hostage was 75 year old George W. Stoner, the father of Lt. Colonel Robert Stoner, 9th Kentucky Cavalry (CSA), who was an active participant in Cluke's raid and had taken Mt. Sterling on Feb. 23, 1863. He was a wealthy land and slave owner who was listed with 19 enslaved persons in 1860. After his arrest, Stoner was taken to Lexington and briefly imprisoned. He was released and paroled on March 19, 1863, with instructions to report at Camp Chase in the State of Ohio, on the 15th day of May 1863.</p><p>During the Civil War both the North and South used a system of parole to deal with prisoners of war. Instead of keeping them imprisoned, captured persons were released on parole on their promise not to take up arms again, or not to take up arms until they had been exchanged for an imprisoned person on the other side. Paroled prisoners were required to report to parole camps where they remained until traded to the other side. </p><p>In this case, both hostages were subject to report to Camp Chase unless Barnes was released unconditionally from his parole. Barnes received a letter by Cluke, releasing him from his parole, provided he would obtain the unconditional release of Sanford Allen and George W. Stoner from their paroles. Additionally, Cluke pointed out that Dr. Barnes was subject to report to his head quarters in the south, in case either Allen or Stoner should be re-arrested by the Federal forces. These conditions were unacceptable not only to the Union authorities but to all parties involved. Meanwhile, the hostages received an extension to report at Camp Chase until June 20, 1863, in order to allow time to work the matter out with Cluke. Several communications were sent to Cluke via Allen's neighbor William Little but no progress was made. Therefore, the hostages received a second extension until July 20, 1863.</p><p>On June 22, 1863, Stoner addressed another letter to Cluke while Barnes took up the matter with General Hartsuff. </p><p>Sharpsburg Bath Co. Ky. June 22d 1863</p><p>Col. R. S. Cluke }</p><p>Commanding forces }</p><p>In Morgan's Div. C.S.A. }</p><p>Col.</p><p>You will remember that when you was in Kentucky last spring, Dr. Joshua Barnes of Bath County was arrested by your Command, and paroled by you on the 15th day of March 1863 And that I was arrested by the Federal forces, and carried to Lexington, and imprisoned as hostage for the said Dr. Barnes; And on the 19th day of March 1863 I was released from prison, and paroled to report at Camp Chase in the State of Ohio, on the 15th day of May 1863, unless the said Dr. Barnes should be unconditionally released from his parole given by you on the 15th day of Mch., 1863; Subsequently you sent a communication to Dr. Barnes, releasing him from his parole, provided he would obtain the unconditional release of myself and Sanford Allen (who had also been held as hostage for him) from our paroles; In this release, however, you held Dr. Barnes subject to report to your head quarters in the south, in case I should be rearrested by the Federal forces; </p><p>The doctor, and the Federal authorities object to the condition in his release, holding him as a hostage for me in the future; And I have no desire that he should be held responsible for me; and hope it may be compatible with your feelings and purposes to grant the said Dr. Barnes a clear release from all the conditions of his parole; only requiring that I as his hostage receive a clear release from my parole; The time set forth in my parole, and also that of Sanford Allen, to report to Camp Chase has expired, But the Federal authorities at Lexington have granted an extension of time to report, so that we may have opportunity to communicate with you, in order to obtain the Doctor's release; Thus securing our own release. We have made several (underlined) ineffectual efforts to reach your Hd. Qrs. with communications from the Federals, sent by Mr. Wm. Little; But have been disappointed thus far in all our indeavors (sic).</p><p>I merely name this to show to you the trouble we have had, and are still likely to have until Dr. Barnes is released from his parole. </p><p>If you should receive this, I hope you will send the release without delay, by flag of truce through the lines; so that it may be forwarded to me at Mt. Sterling, or to DR. J. Barnes at Sharpsburg; The time for me to report at Camp Chase has been extended to the 20th of July 1863, Rsply &c G. W. Stoner</p><p>Written across the letter is the following" I concur in the within statement Sanford Allen"</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2A-pRbXeFY8QuZDd9glb049e_0Ko515xDUvZr4Qdm7-FkSxB6uLlp9B1CQzY50gvS6BlKjEEUi67mGwYbUqKcpq_czumULDJmd-NZIFv-wfOsb5Qb9q1-GpluVFvTiNA40_g3-h_2KEtiIvYphIQ1nI1kEAtVhVC34pOfJYUY2oroV26kfTjyLYYXVQ/s1600/Barnes,%20Joshua,%20Stoner%20letter%201.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1255" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2A-pRbXeFY8QuZDd9glb049e_0Ko515xDUvZr4Qdm7-FkSxB6uLlp9B1CQzY50gvS6BlKjEEUi67mGwYbUqKcpq_czumULDJmd-NZIFv-wfOsb5Qb9q1-GpluVFvTiNA40_g3-h_2KEtiIvYphIQ1nI1kEAtVhVC34pOfJYUY2oroV26kfTjyLYYXVQ/w314-h400/Barnes,%20Joshua,%20Stoner%20letter%201.jpg" width="314" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMQ3tL7n3fxavOvG2vUcYTdkBdBRRr5SQC-6nW6Z8yFGv7THuihd3zZC9iGjA4s6wiBSkkrzyI5bhvwGggBb0To3N4qfi3fl27016pL3XuuHn4PawcdKhPRUWCaONYGynoejm1XgtWmNwBes-MovnxwE51-t_lXqOBgGY9Thio7JPX-mWtJvRdGHIPrg/s1600/Barnes,%20Joshua,%20Stoner%20letter%202.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1254" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMQ3tL7n3fxavOvG2vUcYTdkBdBRRr5SQC-6nW6Z8yFGv7THuihd3zZC9iGjA4s6wiBSkkrzyI5bhvwGggBb0To3N4qfi3fl27016pL3XuuHn4PawcdKhPRUWCaONYGynoejm1XgtWmNwBes-MovnxwE51-t_lXqOBgGY9Thio7JPX-mWtJvRdGHIPrg/w314-h400/Barnes,%20Joshua,%20Stoner%20letter%202.jpg" width="314" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George W. Stoner Letter to Cluke, pages 1 & 2</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Sharpsburg June 23. 1863</p><p>Genl Hartsuff</p><p>Please find enclosed the requests for Messrs. Stoner & Allen to Col Cluke in relation to my release from Parole. also the request for the release of G. W. Deadley from his Parole</p><p>which please forward and as soon as possible and on return remit to me at your earliest convenience.</p><p>I send the Parole of Mr. S. Allen which please enclude as Mr. Stoners and remit to me</p><p>There is in this County a returned Soldier from the CSA whose time expired some months since and he has been <u>dodgeing</u> from place to place from fear of being arrested - He wishes to Give</p><p>himself up; take the Oath and live as a Loyal citizen - can & will give Bond for his future good conduct.</p><p>Will he be permitted to do it. Please answer</p><p>Very respectfully yours</p><p>Joshua Barnes</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNxP8AXnlHQnFLrQwUI0buQgGebtzUyzoYjgjcbqIc-uylHxph5PsPoeam_8WqRro7hcRUxuqsdaoHjKZGLpfhiI_T9xFsQCRoA3JBAb5rfKkckwfGQK5TQyfi13HYJdAKv83khe8Drw3Wh5FZx1i7gS2ySMO8qy2Mwn89ART6lqyf36Qre65mfv6O2w/s1600/Barnes,%20Joshua.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1019" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNxP8AXnlHQnFLrQwUI0buQgGebtzUyzoYjgjcbqIc-uylHxph5PsPoeam_8WqRro7hcRUxuqsdaoHjKZGLpfhiI_T9xFsQCRoA3JBAb5rfKkckwfGQK5TQyfi13HYJdAKv83khe8Drw3Wh5FZx1i7gS2ySMO8qy2Mwn89ART6lqyf36Qre65mfv6O2w/w255-h400/Barnes,%20Joshua.jpg" width="255" /></a></div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRaKKVWCxZpnPi7v6oRdae-KzfR7ob4QxSrDErrqocG68nNbc8rp72Er7AQVD9ASkYBnU5WkHurIhYhoYGmm6nlamrG0XCXmNqRu8V37E7LIVZFqHITaDy3nXvIJBaIx1lzlMKrM0EXNpl_KZaNXVFGkLgO5f0Zb3JystlS5mUjEWCJoVE3Wycf5xTWg/s1600/Barnes,%20Joshua%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1290" data-original-width="1600" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRaKKVWCxZpnPi7v6oRdae-KzfR7ob4QxSrDErrqocG68nNbc8rp72Er7AQVD9ASkYBnU5WkHurIhYhoYGmm6nlamrG0XCXmNqRu8V37E7LIVZFqHITaDy3nXvIJBaIx1lzlMKrM0EXNpl_KZaNXVFGkLgO5f0Zb3JystlS5mUjEWCJoVE3Wycf5xTWg/w400-h323/Barnes,%20Joshua%20(1).jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dr. Joshua Barnes letter to Gen. Hartsuff, pages 1 & 2</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Last but not least, George W. Stoner's neighbor William Little also wrote a letter on behalf of George W. Deatley.</p><p>Col. R. S. Cluke</p><p>Comdg 7th</p><p>Dear Sir</p><p>It is desired by your friends here that You send a release to Mr. G. W. Deadley from his parole - He was, it is said, only a citizen, and is considered harmless. It is said that unless he is released, that there will be arrests made, and Citizens held as hostages for him, or his release.</p><p>He was arrested and paroled with Dr. Joshua Barnes and at the same time & place. You have nothing to loose by releasing him, and it is hoped, you will do so and send a release from him with that of Dr. J. Barnes. Resply, Yours &c.</p><p>Wm. Little</p><p>June 22, 1863</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7rP8WL6jqnimnEVvkDGAaHbqCiM3mddHgsnjTmjMnuaSd0Ejp1QbHZKUVkmhFyEY66lxzncpdhxGy7dEicqe5qmGc6VePrYe7eGFWSEIGoqR04DPC2san2G0CAMdnBl9-8fg_MolV67uo1oKhFAYBBokC9X6h0xo15td2z5pYavg0h45Wcfxprj60iA/s1600/Barnes,%20Joshua,%20Little%20letter.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1250" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7rP8WL6jqnimnEVvkDGAaHbqCiM3mddHgsnjTmjMnuaSd0Ejp1QbHZKUVkmhFyEY66lxzncpdhxGy7dEicqe5qmGc6VePrYe7eGFWSEIGoqR04DPC2san2G0CAMdnBl9-8fg_MolV67uo1oKhFAYBBokC9X6h0xo15td2z5pYavg0h45Wcfxprj60iA/w313-h400/Barnes,%20Joshua,%20Little%20letter.jpg" width="313" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">William Little letter to Cluke</td></tr></tbody></table><p>It is doubtful whether Stoner's and Little's letters ever reached Cluke. At the time they were written, Cluke was accompanying Morgan on his now famous Ohio Raid which had begun on June 11, 1863 in Sparta, Tennessee. Subsequently, Morgan as well as Cluke, were captured at Salineville, Ohio, on July 26, 1863. Cluke never made it out of prison and died of disease on January 1, 1864, at Johnson's Island, Ohio. </p><p>It appears that the matter of parole for all involved was finally resolved. A search of Camp Chase records did not reveal the names of Stoner or Allen on any of their prison registers. </p><p>Dr. Joshua Barnes went on to serve his constituents and the people of the Commonwealth. He was re-elected in 1863 and served until 1865. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh62h180DT7ACXYSUL5DSlZnsjqic17n9L6I5JqdYlbO5PpgZDc4Rq0DundnwHTemDqJLjvloMZImvkzMo0uXD2shtOXvhzgEBDveDBqiOe6WxhfTTvEl8R2xJGAb2QFYK8DrW_OjrlycFm3HFgTAgW_Gtn4PwOI_ZZKcPKN-Olkcebo_UvIz4svnKX6Q/s1191/Cincinnati%20Daily%20Commercial,%20JUly%208,%201863,%20Joshua%20Barnes.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1191" data-original-width="1037" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh62h180DT7ACXYSUL5DSlZnsjqic17n9L6I5JqdYlbO5PpgZDc4Rq0DundnwHTemDqJLjvloMZImvkzMo0uXD2shtOXvhzgEBDveDBqiOe6WxhfTTvEl8R2xJGAb2QFYK8DrW_OjrlycFm3HFgTAgW_Gtn4PwOI_ZZKcPKN-Olkcebo_UvIz4svnKX6Q/w349-h400/Cincinnati%20Daily%20Commercial,%20JUly%208,%201863,%20Joshua%20Barnes.png" width="349" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cincinnati Commercial, July 8, 1863</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In January of 1865, Barnes, as chairman of the House Committee, was part of a delegation appointed to go Washington to meet with President Lincoln and Secretary of War Stanton. The purpose of the meeting was to report on the deplorable conditions in the state of Kentucky and offering solutions to deal with the violence perpetrated by guerrillas. Undoubtedly, this visit also contributed to General Stephen Gano Burbridge's removal as commander of the Military District of Kentucky who was known for his reign of terror, which earned him the nickname "Butcher Burbridge." </p><p><em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Researched and t</em><em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">ranscribed </em><em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">by Marlitta H. Perkins, March 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</em></p>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-74287780741737792162022-03-12T12:23:00.007-05:002022-03-12T12:36:20.458-05:00The Pardon of Henry L. Stone<p>After the end of the Civil War, many veterans were returning home. Under the terms of surrender for the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House on April 10, 1865, General Ulysses S. Grant stipulated that "each officer and man will be allowed to return to his home, not to be disturbed by United States authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force where they may reside". </p><p>On May 5 the parole was extended so that soldiers from the eleven Confederate states, plus West Virginia, would be allowed to return home on their paroles. This did not include Confederates who claimed homes in the District of Columbia and in States that never passed the Ordinance of Secession, such as Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri, who "have forfeited them and can only return thereto by complying with the Amnesty Proclamation of the president and obtaining special permission from the War Department."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEicMlg2_-CwSF0Hy1L5rgL21GQ75QHrAlaGxEBh6EhSpwNH3tzmS741wSjXEEKahKmedECT1Bs4XZf2k01WNhxRPaAB96cxlnZQuLUG9Z6O9TnI94OXuXXF8Bj-8YPIe555abU0sGCDA5bm1fSpeHVPa_jmo_tIUI_UfjV32hTS_5AIb-Zn-PFLZaULrg=s3683" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3683" data-original-width="2617" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEicMlg2_-CwSF0Hy1L5rgL21GQ75QHrAlaGxEBh6EhSpwNH3tzmS741wSjXEEKahKmedECT1Bs4XZf2k01WNhxRPaAB96cxlnZQuLUG9Z6O9TnI94OXuXXF8Bj-8YPIe555abU0sGCDA5bm1fSpeHVPa_jmo_tIUI_UfjV32hTS_5AIb-Zn-PFLZaULrg=w284-h400" width="284" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.23502500/?st=gallery" target="_blank">Source: Library of Congress</a> (link)</td></tr></tbody></table><p>On May 29, 1865, Andrew Johnson issued an Amnesty Proclamation that extended to all Confederates and included the restoration of all rights of property, with the exception of slaves. The only condition required was taking of the oath of allegiance. </p><p>However, 14 classes of persons were still excluded from the benefits of the proclamation who had to make special application to the President of the United States for pardon and were required to take the oath of allegiance. By June 5, 1866, 12,652 pardons were issued but those granted in Kentucky under Johnson's exemptions numbered only 11. This included the pardon for Henry L. Stone.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-veQiwrH_NMFMKe9XI-DiErDkf7oZJHbth86E_WBE5DH3spb5O9mdcRJiyYUU6KLJcFjiihjH4gRulUgRc8jhgCQb67fPJUjkXbk4UG2722jvSzFiXj0s52KS3ae0A78hB6ZrKLNg2OKpyOLSdD989MAy8QtmJBu-ytOWe-0ugPEau57ec_tYfzcopQ=s389" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="292" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh-veQiwrH_NMFMKe9XI-DiErDkf7oZJHbth86E_WBE5DH3spb5O9mdcRJiyYUU6KLJcFjiihjH4gRulUgRc8jhgCQb67fPJUjkXbk4UG2722jvSzFiXj0s52KS3ae0A78hB6ZrKLNg2OKpyOLSdD989MAy8QtmJBu-ytOWe-0ugPEau57ec_tYfzcopQ=s320" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry L. Stone, ca. 1906</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Henry Lane Stone was born in Bath County, Kentucky, on January 17, 1842, to Samuel and Sallie (Lane) Stone. His father Samuel Stone served Kentucky and its people in many capacities, including in the Kentucky state militia (1816–1846), as Bath County state representative (1824–1836), and as magistrate and then sheriff in Bath County (1823–1841). In 1851, the family removed to Indiana. Henry L. Stone attended Kentucky and Indiana public schools and later studied law. </p><p>When the Civil War erupted, the Stone family was politically divided. Henry's mother and his two brothers Valentine H. Stone and Richard French Stone supported the Union while Samuel and Henry favored the Confederacy. In 1862, Henry L. Stone left his home in Indiana and joined the Ninth Kentucky Cavalry (CS). At the end of the war, Henry was ready to settle down and move on with his life. </p><p>As he did not meet all the criteria for a general pardon, he made special application to President Andrew Johnson on September 26, 1865. What follows is a transcript of his application. </p><p>Hon. Andrew Johnson</p><p> President of the U.S.: </p><p> Sir, </p><p> Being</p><p>one of that class, excepted in your proclamation of amnesty, who left their homes within the jurisdiction and prosecution of the United States and went beyond their military lines, to aid the Rebellion, I hereby most respectfully present you a petition for pardon. The following is a full and true statement of the circumstances of my case. </p><p>I left Greencastle, Indiana, my home at the time, on the 18th of Sept., 1862, with the design of joining Gen. Bragg's forces, who were then occupying the State of Kentucky; passed Cincinnati, O., when it was under martial law; tried to procure a pass there from the Provost Marshal, but failed; walked up the Ohio River, twenty miles; took a boat for Augusta, Ky.; from the latter point I went on foot to Cynthiana, Ky., where I found a force of Confederate cavalry; I here took an oath not to reveal any information to the U.S. authorities; by so doing received a pass to go to Mt. Sterling; from hence I went to Sharpsburg, in Bath Co. Ky., where on the 7th of Oct., 1862, I was enlisted, by Geo. M. Coleman, a Confederate Capt. of Cav., into the Confederate States Army. On the 10th of Nov., 1862, I was with the rest of my command at Knoxville, Tenn., mustered into the service, under Gen. John H. Morgan; I was a Sergeant Major of the 2nd Battalion, Maj. Robert G. Stoner, commanding, in Gen. Morgan's Brigade of Cav. for four months; at the expiration of this time, my Bat. and the 1st Bat. in said Brig., were consolidated, making a Reg., known afterwards as the 9th Ky. Cav. and I was appointed an Ordinance Sergt. in said Reg.; this position I held till I was captured by the U.S. forces at Buffington Island, O., on the 19th of July, 1863. I was placed as a prisoner in Camp Morton, on the 21st of July, 1863; was confined there one month; was then taken to Camp Douglas; escaped from that prison and was recaptured, on the 20th of Aug, 1863; was turned into said prison again; escaped finally, on the 16th of Oct., 1863; made my way to Ky. on the route to rejoin the Confederate Army; was captured and released, near Cynthiana, Ky., having successfully passed myself of as a citizen of Indiana; on the 15th of Nov., 1863, was again re-captured, near Sharpsburg, Bath Co., Ky.; was placed in confinement in the jail-dungeon, at Mt. Sterling, Ky., for nineteen days, when I was started under guard to Lexington, Ky., via Winchester; at the latter place, I again escaped the U.S. authorities, making my fourth escape; finding no means of getting South, I went to Canada; staid there from the 4th of Dec., 1863, to the 20th of Apr., 1864; when I left Canada, to go to the Confederacy; arrived in Ky.; remained in that State six weeks, when I took up my journey South, through Eastern Ky.; reported to Gen. John H. Morgan, at Abingdon, Va., on the 28th of June, 1864; continued in his command till his death, on the 4th of Sept., 1864; then was in Gen. B. W. Duke's Brig. till the 2d of Oct. following, at which time I re-joined the 9th Ky. Cav. as a private soldier; in which capacity I served in Gen. John S. Williams's Brig., Gen. Wheeler's Corps, Gen. J. E. Johnston's Dept., till the 9th of May, 1865; when I surrendered(under my Dept. General's order of surrender), at Augusta, Ga., to the U. S. forces then and there stationed in command of Brevet. Brig. Gen. Upton; received a parole from W. W. Woods, Gen. Upton's A.A. G. and Maj. of the 4th Iowa Cav; on this parole I returned to Ky., where I have remained since my arrival, abiding by the laws of the land., and strictly observing the provisions of my parole.</p><p>There are no circumstances, which you, Sir, would consider mitigating, except those which exist in the composition of my nature, or result from my early political training. Being born and raised in the State of Kentucky, I naturally clung to her as the home of my childhood, "my own, my native land." I considered her one of the Rebellion States, when the Confederate forces pitched their tents upon her Blue Grass pastures; I was carried off into the rebellious ranks by a spirit of enthusiasm; the name of John Morgan, and the accounts of his dashing exploits as a Cavalry Chief did much to entice me from the notorious life of a law student in Greencastle, Indiana; I longed to play a part in the great national contest; I did not wish to sit idle by, and let the greatest war of modern ages pass away upon the records of history, without indulging my military aspirations; I did not assist the authorities of the U.S. is perhaps owing to an inborn prejudice in favor of the South and her institutions. My present condition is: exile from a happy home, and the best parents; alone in the world, with an empty purse; and nothing to depend upon in future but my own exertions. Your pardon, Sir, would greatly alleviate my situation.</p><p>With hope that my application may meet with approval at your hands, I am, Most Honored Sir, your humble St.</p><p>Henry L. Stone</p><p>Bath Co. KY.,</p><p>Sep. 25th, 1865.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg8SOGUwvRtqQa39fjL18MeOnjJJjQ5iuVryqkX8a8I8OhuKujIp4oTnxPmksSbZYtL9bre8ZazWtsf0euEyqDAZDPkQSChzt0rMntyp2fnBHHq9OtcJW42dMBazpGEfO-A554e-j9P-3aA6wVygIR5GYh7Tj9TZ6ZmxFFbxySTC-txc87xZDKB3tVQuw=s678" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="678" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg8SOGUwvRtqQa39fjL18MeOnjJJjQ5iuVryqkX8a8I8OhuKujIp4oTnxPmksSbZYtL9bre8ZazWtsf0euEyqDAZDPkQSChzt0rMntyp2fnBHHq9OtcJW42dMBazpGEfO-A554e-j9P-3aA6wVygIR5GYh7Tj9TZ6ZmxFFbxySTC-txc87xZDKB3tVQuw=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Stone's required oath of allegiance accompanied the application.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmA5J8ojouy4FvxiGwxgU7dmM_tAe2BMYA0odphVdrcL2zF9p77ewJoJff3O9FpEgs223VD5yrADMzlD-mJ6wEauZq3P8ts5XSYZvoX8qURLUOc7pkl1GHxOCT4lRTo_Y4RAN1q1kc0Z79zmU-lMx7QkLHmPj9rF5mjuSprEinMsggler7u1bt6LUEnw=s543" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="477" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgmA5J8ojouy4FvxiGwxgU7dmM_tAe2BMYA0odphVdrcL2zF9p77ewJoJff3O9FpEgs223VD5yrADMzlD-mJ6wEauZq3P8ts5XSYZvoX8qURLUOc7pkl1GHxOCT4lRTo_Y4RAN1q1kc0Z79zmU-lMx7QkLHmPj9rF5mjuSprEinMsggler7u1bt6LUEnw=w351-h400" width="351" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Letter by US Senator and former Indiana governor, H. S. Lane, <br />endorsing his nephew's application for pardon</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Stone was granted a pardon on December 9, 1865. In 1866, he began practicing law in Owingsville, Kentucky and served in several firms throughout the state before becoming city attorney of Louisville, Kentucky, in 1896. In 1905, he became general council of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and served in this position until 1921. His wife was Pamela Lane Boune, with whom he had a daughter and a son. Stone died on May 31, 1922, in Louisville. </p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #274e13;"><b>Links of Interest</b></span></p><p><a href="https://www.kyhistory.com/digital/collection/MS/id/16794/" target="_blank">Henry L. Stone Civil War diary</a> - Kentucky Historical Society</p><p><a href="https://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/stone/menu.html" target="_blank">"Morgan's Men:" A Narrative of Personal Experiences, by Henry L. Stone</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://archive.org/details/confederateveter14conf" target="_blank">Morgan's Men Escape from Prison, by Henry L. Stone</a> - Confederate Veteran, Vol. 14, No. 4 (April 1906), p. 188-191</p><p><a href="https://indianahistory.org/wp-content/uploads/lane-elston-family-papers-1775-1936.pdf" target="_blank">Lane–Elston Family Papers, 1775–1936, box 3, folder 13</a> - Indiana Historical Society<br /></p><p><a href="https://indianahistory.org/stories/hoosier-confederate-the-civil-war-experiences-of-henry-lane-stone-from-putnam-county/" target="_blank">Hoosier Confederate: The Civil War Experiences of Henry Lane Stone from Putnam County</a> - INDepth Stories, Indiana Historical Society<br /></p><p><a href="https://issuu.com/kyhistsoc/docs/chron_summerfall12issuu" target="_blank">Even Cataloging a Bandana Leads to Exciting Discoveries.</a> - The Kentucky Historical Society Chronicle, Summer/Fall 2012, p. 6</p><p><a href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42657129/henry-lane-stone" target="_blank">Henry Lane Stone</a> - Find A Grave Memorial page<br /></p><p><br /></p><p><em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Transcribed and researched by Marlitta H. Perkins, March 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.</em></p>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-77893455303075340432022-03-02T15:07:00.004-05:002022-03-02T15:20:11.100-05:00Scouting Eastern Kentucky - A Letter from the 6th Indiana Cavalry <p>Mt. Sterling, situated in Montgomery County, Kentucky, on the state road leading from Pound Gap to central Kentucky, was long considered the gateway between the Appalachian Mountains and the Bluegrass. The town's strategic location made it an ideal base for Union Army operations. A number of cavalry units were station in Mt. Sterling throughout the war who went on scouting expedition into the mountainous areas of Eastern Kentucky. Some of these units had just been mustered into the service and therefore lacked experience in operating in such a difficult terrain. However, what the men may have lacked in experience, they managed to make up with enthusiasm which, more often than not, produced results.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5VxvH9akXIeYF2JuCSCSVTQFI9UCmC-zW01RVNnV8T6vFoFqSgONqgyBfkm3GJdFt0oDwDiSzliI-_TU76xcfFyjcziP4URQEuAi6JVCjPexm0zCTnibb_-9VQmKm_3oD-2OlR8apocHeDAKHDkcUW1kE3Yv91LYQKUo7axayAB0fz3VelxRFI51h5w=s1968" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1310" data-original-width="1968" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5VxvH9akXIeYF2JuCSCSVTQFI9UCmC-zW01RVNnV8T6vFoFqSgONqgyBfkm3GJdFt0oDwDiSzliI-_TU76xcfFyjcziP4URQEuAi6JVCjPexm0zCTnibb_-9VQmKm_3oD-2OlR8apocHeDAKHDkcUW1kE3Yv91LYQKUo7axayAB0fz3VelxRFI51h5w=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">United States Cavalry Scouts <br />"The soldier in our Civil War - a pictorial history of the conflict, 1861-1865"<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>One of these units was the 6th Indiana Cavalry. The regiment was organized at Indianapolis on February 23, 1863, from the 71st Indiana Infantry. The regiment left Indiana for Kentucky on August 26, 1863 and were stationed at Mt. Sterling from September 2, 1863 until the beginning of November 1863. <p>A soldier of the 6th Indiana Cavalry, only known by his initials L. S. J., sent a rather detailed account of one of their scouting expeditions to the <i>Indianapolis Daily Journal</i> which is given in full below. </p><p>LETTER FROM THE 6TH INDIANA CAVALRY.</p><p>HD. QUS. 2D BATTALION, 6TH IND. CAVALRY,</p><p>MOUNT STERLING, KY, Sept. 15, 1863</p><p>ED. JOURNAL: As there appears to be but few correspondents from this section of the country, I propose giving a few items relative to the events as they have transpired since our arrival at the above-mentioned place. -</p><p>There might be a great deal written of things that have transpired here. I presume there is no place East or West where the horrors of war have been felt more than here. -</p><p>It's true there have been no large armies in the country disputing their right of possession, as there has been in many places, but it has been the scene of something more terrible. It has been infested by prowling bands of guerrillas, murderers and incendiaries, who have been preying upon the helpless and old, almost at their leisure. No one knows the suffering of mind and body of the people through here, except those who live here. The life of no one is safe. No man's property is his, for on any night it may be taken from him by a band of desperadoes. -</p><p>The headquarters of the 71st Regiment has been here since the 2d inst. The duties of the regiment have been rather hard, but I think not altogether devoid of benefit.</p><p>A detachment of 250 men, consisting of companies F, I, D and G, commanded by Lieut. Col. Matson, left camp on the 10th to make a scout some thirty or forty miles from here, where there was reported to be a force of guerrillas pillaging the country. Being the first trip of the kind since "drawing" our horses, it was interesting in the extreme. The first night's travel - it being dark when the battalion left - was ten miles, which tested the endurance of some men effectually. Next morning there was considerable complaining of soreness of bones, which, however, soon wore off as the blood began to circulate.</p><p>Next morning, about 8 P.M., found us in Owingsville, a small town on a very large hill. It is rather a nice little place, having some very nice buildings in it and pretty well provided with nice shade trees. The appearance of the "blue coats" seemed to be a great relief to inhabitants, and fair women and brave men were seen from every window and corner. I will here mention that the countenances of the people through this portion of Kentucky are a very poor index to their real sentiments and feelings. The most contemptible of rebels, the guerrilla, will meet you and talk as though they were as true and loyal to their country as those they were talking to. But too much by the way of digression -</p><p>About thirty miles farther down on the Licking river we heard of the approach of 700 to 800 rebels. The truthfulness of the report seemed to be indisputable, as it had been brought by those who were fleeing before them for dear life. It is always an easy matter to tell when a force is coming into Kentucky - from the droves of cattle, horses and mules that are taken beyond the Ohio river for safe keeping. Our colonel was not long deciding what to do. The order was given to move on them at once, although their reported force was about three to our one. But we were sorry to learn as we advanced that their force gradually diminished, until there remained nothing but a small band of guerrillas. That night we encamped where they had been that day. </p><p>Next day, scouting parties, consisting of companies F and I, started in different directions, as they had learned the guerrillas had gone. Some ten miles from camp, at a little place by the name of Morehead, in the direction company F was going, it was found that ten guerrillas had just passed before the arrival of the company. In Morehead they had entered several houses, taking what suited them, and passed ahead to West Liberty to do likewise. At Morehead, they had taken from an old man $21, the last cent of money he had. They had learned of his selling a little tobacco a few days before, and, like the eagle in search of its prey, they came upon him, and, holding a revolver at his head, made him tell where his money was. They had taken a horse, also, from a man living close to town, which, however, was recaptured from them a short time after they had taken it.</p><p>From this place they were pursued as fast as horses could go until they were overtaken some eight miles east. It appears they knew nothing of our approach, and had been sauntering along at their leisure, stopping here and there as they thought they might get something of value. The advance guard, consisting of seven men, soon came up to them. The guerrillas did not know of their presence until the crack of the carbine, which they fear so much, told them of their danger. They were completely surprised, and in ten minutes they were fleeing to the mountains. They had but little time to shoot if they had felt so disposed. As they numbered one third more than those that charged upon them, they might have resisted successfully if they had tried. But it is not their intention to fight - it is for profit and gain.</p><p>The result was one prisoner, who was made to come to by a shot in the arm, and two horses, besides hats and numerous specimens of other articles which they had taken in their route. Company I was also successful in their scout, and (and) treated them with due respect. They had heard of some thirty or forty of these fellows some twenty miles distant, making their way towards West Liberty, which seems to be a favorite resort for all guerrillas in this part of Kentucky. They were formed on Little Sandy, the band commanded by a Lieutenant named Bumgardner. When they were overtaken they were coolly partaking of a dinner which they had forced a Union man to provide for them. They were like the former squad "unconscious of their danger." The pursuing party could be seen from the house where they were near half a mile off. As soon as the advance saw them they lost no time in coming up with them, and before the guerrillas could get their horses the shot was coming thick and fast into them. Like all of their kind they flew in every direction, taking to the mountains and secreting themselves like young partridges.</p><p>The charge resulted in taking six prisoners, killing two and wounding two or three who will die, besides capturing eight horses. To say the least of this charge, it was rather a bold dash, and the certainty of success was decidedly against them, but the Hoosier boys are known even down in these mountain fastness, their yell and crack of their guns are ominous of something dangerous. It is the general opinion these guerrillas will infest these mountains and hollows a long while before they can be gotten out. It is such a poor country it would be impossible to quarter a force sufficient to keep them out. This is the nearest point where troops can be kept and provided for, which is some 40 miles from where these desperadoes visit so often. Col. Biddle has not yet got here; he has gone with a small detachment to Tennessee. The 71st does not anticipate any danger in the future, all it asks is a fair chance and its name will be as unsullied as any regiment that has left Indiana.</p><p>L. S. J.</p><div><br /></div><div><span style="color: #274e13;"><b>Links of Interest</b></span></div><div><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/07/mt-sterling-important-military-base.html" target="_blank">Mt. Sterling - An Important Military Base During the Civil War</a><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-3619825113826927810" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 5px;"><em>Transcribed and researched by Marlitta H. Perkins, March 2022. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.<br /></em><div style="clear: both;"></div></div><div><em><br /></em></div><div class="post-footer" style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic;"></div></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-62692702540889619732022-02-14T13:55:00.003-05:002022-03-02T15:07:51.024-05:00Was there a "Battle of Hillsboro" on October 8, 1861? A critical analysis<p>The Battle at Hillsboro took place in Fleming County, Kentucky on October 8, 1861. Or did it?</p><p>Dyer's Compendium lists the engagement as follows:</p><p>Oct. 8: Skirmish, Hillsborough</p><p>KENTUCKY--Flemingsburg Home Guard. Union loss, 3 killed, 2 wounded. Total, 5.</p><p>It is also mentioned in various publications, beginning in 1863.</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>The National Almanac and Annual Record, 1863, p. 61</li><li>The Rebellion Record: Sept. '61-Jany. '62 (A Diary of American Events, with Documents, Narratives ... Etc, Volume 3 (1866), by Frank Moore; G.P. Putnam, p. 171</li><li>The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion (1861-65): pt. 1. Surgical history; United States. Surgeon-General's Office, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1870, p. 38 (XXXVIII)</li><li>Manual of the Civil War and Key to the Grand Army of the Republic and Kindred Societies, by J. Worth Carnahan, U.S. Army and Navy Historical Association, 1899, p. 150 </li><li>Chronological and Alphabetical Record of the Engagements of the Great Civil War with the Casualties on Both Sides and Full and Exhaustive Statistics and Tables of the Army and Navy, Military Prisons, National Cemeteries, Etc., Etc., Caxton Press, 1904, p. 105 </li><li>The Union Army: Cyclopedia of battles; Federal Publishing Company, 1908, p. 499</li></ul><p></p><p>The Hillsboro engagement is also listed on the website of the National Park Service, on their <a href="https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/kentucky.htm" target="_blank">Kentucky Battles</a> page, using Dyer's Compendium as their source.</p><p>However, there seem to be doubts whether the "Battle of Hillsboro" actually took place at all. It began with a letter penned by John G. Baxter, a business man from Louisville who manufactured stoves and tinware. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtReYfvG2-SPtr3o4gI8ChIkX49nOeROpr1rCaVS-I9Bbx_WtRC6zbMEzaj2_rncs_xU_lfbcLLj-YWtzCHznBH-WudX-vNy0f-hHc8quvMYSVF1nvxcWW-E1TX-0LwqUXIxqhMLnVIygWHIJHsrLjQz_FQiALUZHZtMfHAtZT3j38ZktZOMlWyDDpQA=s263" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgtReYfvG2-SPtr3o4gI8ChIkX49nOeROpr1rCaVS-I9Bbx_WtRC6zbMEzaj2_rncs_xU_lfbcLLj-YWtzCHznBH-WudX-vNy0f-hHc8quvMYSVF1nvxcWW-E1TX-0LwqUXIxqhMLnVIygWHIJHsrLjQz_FQiALUZHZtMfHAtZT3j38ZktZOMlWyDDpQA=s16000" title="John G. Baxter" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John G. Baxter<br />Portrait by George Dury, 1871<br />Memphis Brooks Museum of Art</td></tr></tbody></table>Baxter's letter appeared in the <i>Cincinnati Commercial</i> on October 11, 1861: <p style="text-align: justify;">FLEMINGSBURG, OCT. 9, 1861.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">"EDS. COM. Our town was the theatre of great excitement, yesterday evening, upon the arrival of a messenger from Hillsboro stating that a company of rebels (300 strong) under command of Capt. Holliday, of Nicholas county, were advancing upon Hillsboro, for the purpose, it is supposed, of burning the place and also of attacking this place. Lieut. Sadler and Sergeant Dudley were dispatched immediately, at the head of 50 Home Guards, to intercept them. We found the enemy encamped about two miles beyond Hillsboro, in a barn belonging to Col. Davis, a leading traitor in this county. Our men opened fire upon them, causing them to fly in all directions. The engagement lasted about twenty minutes, in which they lost eleven killed, twenty-nine wounded, and twenty-two prisoners. We took, also, 127 Enfield rifles, besides a large number of sabres, pistols, bowie-knives, and cavalry accoutrements. Our loss was three killed and two wounded, as follows: James B. Davis, Julius Herrick, Charles Burnes, killed; and Thomas B. Smith, (banker,) S. Saloman, wounded. The prisoners were brought to this place and forwarded to Camp Kenton, under guard. The Maysville Home Guards were ordered to assist us, but they arrived too late.</p><p>Yours, &c.,</p><p>John G. Baxter.</p><p>P.S. - I was present. J. G. B."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2y4A1bawZVy7BJcBkcPU6bkwRTaqDhDPK6FbNqdk24eEPAqRfaY88EYsfSjGCQFIYlL2UeXDt6WOlz-buUc3kY6O-fJDO8HXqmzUrWdTf-g-SoJ84GlCERcMESiAX-4pHtFKxTArfY9pWhsUs2_2ZLbBjiv2X5rpCNs3dKYB6BtaP4mVrGL285mlHZA=s1390" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="702" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2y4A1bawZVy7BJcBkcPU6bkwRTaqDhDPK6FbNqdk24eEPAqRfaY88EYsfSjGCQFIYlL2UeXDt6WOlz-buUc3kY6O-fJDO8HXqmzUrWdTf-g-SoJ84GlCERcMESiAX-4pHtFKxTArfY9pWhsUs2_2ZLbBjiv2X5rpCNs3dKYB6BtaP4mVrGL285mlHZA=w203-h400" width="203" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cincinnati Daily Press<br />October 11, 1861</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="text-align: justify;">News of the Hillsboro engagement quickly spread across the country. Numerous newspapers re-published the letter, including the </span><i style="text-align: justify;">Tri-Weekly Kentucky Yeoman, Cincinnati Daily Press, Chicago Daily Tribune, New York Times</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> and </span><i style="text-align: justify;">New York Herald</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> as well as the </span><i style="text-align: justify;">Richmond Daily Dispatch</i><span style="text-align: justify;">. It also appeared in newspapers in Nevada, Minnesota, Iowa, Michigan, Tennessee, and Wisconsin.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Only days later, the <i>Maysville Eagle</i> responded to the letter, denying its validity. "The <i>Cincinnati Commercial</i> of Friday contains a letter giving an account of an imaginary fight near Hillsboro, Fleming county. No information concerning such a skirmish has reached this place, and the editor has been sadly hoaxed."</p><p style="text-align: justify;">On November 15, 1861, the <i>Cincinnati Daily Press</i> noted that "The reported Union victory near Hillsboro, in Fleming County, an account of which we copied from the <i>Commercial </i>a few days ago, is contradicted by persons who left Flemingsburg two days after the engagement is said to have taken place." </p><p style="text-align: justify;">A correspondence from Frankfort, Kentucky, dated October 13, 1861, informed the readers of the<i> </i>St. Louis<i> Daily Missouri Republican</i> on October 15, 1861, of the Hillsboro fight. What followed was in essence a copy of Baxter's letter, as "told by a man who was in the battle."</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgeRxsANE0MSUwX3ZUWBfsCvKuA4C5WYV3ZFTgzHWPZMCnpc2gKJC5R-j6e413sfsbUeg2HLV7etziksJ79YxQTEzvzMTKbaA6rdepBZyRSNNEvnIHCvuDDgawSlUrpcSqc2poVhP47nGQ1Mbg740kl4tHnBoRV0g80dXFEZYXd3cydbsV323AZv0Jtfw=s504" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgeRxsANE0MSUwX3ZUWBfsCvKuA4C5WYV3ZFTgzHWPZMCnpc2gKJC5R-j6e413sfsbUeg2HLV7etziksJ79YxQTEzvzMTKbaA6rdepBZyRSNNEvnIHCvuDDgawSlUrpcSqc2poVhP47nGQ1Mbg740kl4tHnBoRV0g80dXFEZYXd3cydbsV323AZv0Jtfw=s16000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="text-align: justify;"> </i><span style="text-align: justify;">The Daily Missouri Republican<br />October 15, 1861</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="text-align: justify;">On October 18, 1861, the </span><i style="text-align: justify;">Louisville Daily Democrat </i><span style="text-align: justify;">republished the article from the St. Louis paper and noted, "A correspondent of the </span><i style="text-align: justify;">Cincinnati Commercial</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> wrote a few days ago of a skirmish at or near Hillsboro, Fleming county, Kentucky. The </span><i style="text-align: justify;">Maysville Eagle</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> contradicted it, but we find it so circumstantially reasserted in the Frankfort correspondence of the </span><i style="text-align: justify;">St. Louis Republican</i><span style="text-align: justify;">, under date of the 13th, that we presume there must be some truth in it."</span><p style="text-align: justify;">Yet another account appeared on October 29, 1861 in the <i>Philadelphia Press</i>. It is noteworthy because it seems to be an individual report and not based on Baxter's letter. It was written a week after the Hillsboro engagement. Within days after the Hillsboro fight, Gen. William "Bull" Nelson had left Camp Kenton in Mason County and was on the move against the Confederates at Prestonsburg. His troops began arriving at Flemingsburg on October 16 and departed on October 18, 1861. During their stay, the story about the fight at Hillsboro was shared with them. </p><p style="text-align: justify;">The correspondent of the <i>Philadelphia Press</i>, either a soldier or one of the civilians who were accompanying Nelson's troops, noted that Flemingsburg's "leading citizens favor the cause of the Union most heartily, and the yeomanry of the county are devoted to the cause of the country. They have in the county a Home Guard of full five hundred, who crushed out Secession wherever it exists or crops out. A Sergeant Dudley, son of a celebrated hotel keeper in Flemingsburg, recently, at the head of sixty of these Home Guards, put <i>hors du combat</i> a large number of Secessionists from Nicholas, an adjoining county, completely dispersing the entire band of two hundred who "had come over the border" to overawe the Union sentiment of "Old Fleming." </p><p style="text-align: justify;">The fact that we have two separate accounts of the incident lends enough credibility to the thought that some type of engagement actually did take place at Hillsboro on October 8, 1861. It also warrants a closer examination of the reports in hopes of gaining additional insights, despite the scarcity of records for the early days of the Civil War which make it difficult to ascertain the exact truth. </p><div style="text-align: justify;">According to Baxter's account, the Confederates encamped "about two miles beyond Hillsboro, in a barn belonging to Col. Davis, a leading traitor in this county." Col. Davis was Francis Reno Davis (1805-1874), a wealthy land owner who, with his wife Evaline Markwell and children, operated a 450 acre farm on Locust Creek. Also living on Davis' farm was his 42 year old male slave who did not share quarters with the Davis family but had a house to himself. Although we do not know the exact location of the barn, Davis' house, which is still standing today, is located a little over a mile north of Hillsboro.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiEZ2uUvvvSeIS5fforO7jBtDwuOFJ3wF0bBNJGO52PMxxKuWqqdp-Z_X2FVIyElnb4cInkMjRofiBwzcIr2-hVwgbhRw2MdFZ-RZV6PmnqgAqRaJKe-EuWHKs4RUMPBi5Y_tKb0LPYButE9rGix8VK3bbBCIs8qSabwkiOJDjLdkZkykq_mR4ixmYUdA=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiEZ2uUvvvSeIS5fforO7jBtDwuOFJ3wF0bBNJGO52PMxxKuWqqdp-Z_X2FVIyElnb4cInkMjRofiBwzcIr2-hVwgbhRw2MdFZ-RZV6PmnqgAqRaJKe-EuWHKs4RUMPBi5Y_tKb0LPYButE9rGix8VK3bbBCIs8qSabwkiOJDjLdkZkykq_mR4ixmYUdA=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Francis R. Davis home</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">In 1861, Davis owned 19 horses, 21 cattle, 1 jack, 55 hogs, and a large number of sheep. The farm produced 12 tons of hay, 1000 bushels corn, and 450 bushels wheat, aside from Irish and sweet potatoes, beans and peas and 300 pounds of butter. A large grove of sugar maple trees on the hill in back of the house, now known as Sugar Camp Hill, produced 200 pounds of maple syrup in 1860. Davis' farm was certainly large enough to sustain a military force for at least a few days and would have been an ideal location for a camp.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-Hoa9Zje4aRS-lrOpRZTp030wB57ORyBs-KYHJnclvsW8iEzTgF2ComTShOplQjCftBksW8aLU2qzDO-ZDfUUUipQ6XU7bq6ttUREE6QNdq6-LbXqDL84k4R4HGD0Nws7-tJjMKgT80PR3KZujx5fJtE5zhv2_lcFCeu6FUs7nxdFIkHpiQKZ2nRCOA=s2048" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-Hoa9Zje4aRS-lrOpRZTp030wB57ORyBs-KYHJnclvsW8iEzTgF2ComTShOplQjCftBksW8aLU2qzDO-ZDfUUUipQ6XU7bq6ttUREE6QNdq6-LbXqDL84k4R4HGD0Nws7-tJjMKgT80PR3KZujx5fJtE5zhv2_lcFCeu6FUs7nxdFIkHpiQKZ2nRCOA=s320" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the Davis Farm</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="text-align: left;">Francis R. Davis, who Baxter referred to as "rebel traitor," may have been a Southern sympathizer, contrary to his brother Elias P. Davis who lived in Carter County and was a staunch Union supporter. In 1862, Francis' son Elias G. Davis (1833-1912) supplied the Confederate Army with shoes. The following year, he joined Co. B, 10th Kentucky Cavalry (Diamond's) as private. Son William Davis is thought to have served in the 2nd Battalion, Kentucky Mounted Rifles, Company B, as corporal. He enlisted in October of 1862 in Fleming County. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9UjJhjBJO5DcESX4w_qHtW3wrQKLa094jB9Ebhqi_VjhnK-Tmm5y0PPbGUUqUxgZx_ESaBA1F_hmlFhz3sMO9XSYn9NLO9PO8uDTfgjG-Nu_H4z_seGSzQkFJxQTbJkH8aN7tYCeb6Zq6S3fjWs8MJGEtx1fxC3bA3VKALDKAi1yql1VNQb_eDB6jZg=s1600" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1331" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi9UjJhjBJO5DcESX4w_qHtW3wrQKLa094jB9Ebhqi_VjhnK-Tmm5y0PPbGUUqUxgZx_ESaBA1F_hmlFhz3sMO9XSYn9NLO9PO8uDTfgjG-Nu_H4z_seGSzQkFJxQTbJkH8aN7tYCeb6Zq6S3fjWs8MJGEtx1fxC3bA3VKALDKAi1yql1VNQb_eDB6jZg=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Receipt for 19 pairs of shoes received from Elias G. Davis<br />Dated October 10, 1862</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">A closer look at the Confederate losses leaves doubts as to the truth of Baxter's account. He claimed that the rebels suffered "eleven killed, twenty-nine wounded, and twenty-two prisoners." Although it is difficult to verify the number of deaths or wounded, if any, this doesn't necessarily apply to the number of prisoners. As a rule, captured prisoners were taken to the nearest Union camp to be processed and then sent off to Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio. In this case, the prisoners would have been sent to Camp Kenton at Maysville in neighboring Mason County, as was claimed in Baxter's letter. From Maysville, captured prisoners were forwarded by steamboat to Cincinnati and lodged in the City Barracks (also referred to as Asylum City Barracks) on Elm Street. After a few days at the barracks, the prisoners made the trip by train to Camp Chase. Unfortunately, no 1861 records for the City Barracks have survived. However, the Cincinnati newspapers kept track of newly "Secesh" prisoners, coming and going, especially if there was a larger number of them - but there is no record of 22 prisoners captured at Hillsboro. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">On October 10, 1861, 7 prisoners arrived at Cincinnati from Maysville, in charge of Deputy US Marshal Davis and assisted by a detachment of the Mason County Home Guards. None of the prisoners had been taken at Hillsboro. On October 21, 1861, 14 prisoners were held at the City Barracks, 11 of which had been sent from Maysville but had no connection to the Hillsboro engagement. Camp Chase records confirm the arrival of the 14 prisoners. The records do not mention any prisoners at Camp Chase who had been captured at Hillsboro on October 8, 1861. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">The Confederate commander was Captain John Buckner Holladay (1824-1897), a Mexican War veteran who had served as 2. Lieutenant in Co. E, 3rd Kentucky Volunteers. He was a State Representative from 1851-1853. In 1860, he was the Sheriff of Nicholas County and lived near Carlisle with his mother-in-law's family. After the war, he was elected sheriff of Bourbon County and served as mayor of Paris, Kentucky.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">According to Baxter, Holladay had about 300 men in his command at Hillsboro and sustained an aggregate loss of 62 men. Assuming there were desertions after the fight, it would still place Holladay's force at around 200. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Considering the <i>Philadelphia Press</i> account instead, Holladay had about 200 men under his command when he made his foray into Fleming County. Taking the losses given and possible desertions into account, it would place Holliday's force at around 100 men. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Two weeks after the engagement at Hillsboro, Holladay proceeded with his men to Prestonsburg to enroll into the Confederate service. He served as Captain in Co. D, 1st Battalion Kentucky Mounted Rifles. Holladay noted later in a letter to Confederate authorities that he had 103 men in his command, all organized and ready for the service, when he took up the line of march to Prestonsburg on October 22, 1861. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj994cKmBgoSgrHLo3nAz_SGG1tbVs0wL0k7IeSIUYsOmfKzlKJV3xvxGgF0zFbP7WkpUX-kxkoRFjt2nUMezYI0x7p0-8hx-ITku9JLo8hkNtSdt0fBKPLN-6UNJia28YlYLPVjm-PKIAQ5bF-xoUrEilVqdGjIbRp6nXu-TJlzUnfREEO6JHBgPl9lg=s1600" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1417" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj994cKmBgoSgrHLo3nAz_SGG1tbVs0wL0k7IeSIUYsOmfKzlKJV3xvxGgF0zFbP7WkpUX-kxkoRFjt2nUMezYI0x7p0-8hx-ITku9JLo8hkNtSdt0fBKPLN-6UNJia28YlYLPVjm-PKIAQ5bF-xoUrEilVqdGjIbRp6nXu-TJlzUnfREEO6JHBgPl9lg=s320" width="283" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Letter written by Captain Holladay<br />August 26, 1862</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">When we examine the losses on the Union side, the facts are much clearer...and Baxter's claims do not hold water. He stated that the Fleming Home Guards lost "three killed and two wounded, as follows: James B. Davis, Julius Herrick, Charles Burnes, killed; and Thomas B. Smith, (banker,) S. Saloman, wounded." However, neither Davis, Herrick or Burnes were killed. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>The "Killed"</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">James B. Davis was born about 1834, the son of John W. Davis and Ann Cunningham. Davis was still very much alive on July 1, 1863 when he was enumerated in the Kentucky Civil War Draft Registration, 9th Congressional District, 7th sub-district. He was 29 years old, married and worked as a stage driver. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Julius Herrick was born on May 17, 1836 in Randolph, Vermont, the son of Lorenzo D. Herrick and Zilpha A Haskins. He graduated from Yale in 1856. Herrick moved to Kentucky and was listed on July 1, 1863 in the Kentucky Draft Registration, 9th Congressional District, 7th sub-district. He was 27 years old and by profession a lawyer. On February 5, 1864, Herrick married Nancy Mary Jane "Nannie" Baxter, daughter of William Baxter and Jemima Johnson, in Fleming County, Kentucky. She was a personal acquaintance of James J. Andrews, of Andrews' Raiders fame, and was mentioned in his letter dated June 6, 1862, from Chattanooga prison two days before his execution. Julius Herrick died on September 14, 1914 at Chicago, Illinois.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Charles Burnes (aka Charles Henry Burns), the son of Alvin Burns, was born on November 5, 1839, in Nicholas County, Kentucky. On April 24, 1865, he was listed as a merchant in Flemingsburg, age 25. In 1866, his father lived at Tilton, 5 1/2 miles south of Flemingsburg. By 1870, Alvin Burns, with son Charles, had removed to Fox Springs, a popular mid-19th Century watering hole with a large hotel and surrounding cottages, about 9 miles from Flemingsburg. Charles was listed in 1870 Fleming County census. He died at Knoxville, Tennessee on September 30, 1894.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>The "Wounded"</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Although there is no way to ascertain whether these men were wounded or not, I will list them here, regardless. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Thomas B. Smith was born about 1819 in Kentucky. In 1850, he lived in Bath County and was a druggist. On July 1, 1863 he was listed in the Kentucky Civil War Draft Registration Records, 9th Congressional District, 7th sub-district. Smith was 44 years old and listed banker as his profession. He died shortly after the end of the war, on October 11, 1865 and is interred in the Flemingsburg Cemetery. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Solomon Soloman was born about 1828 in Prussia (some records say Poland). In 1860, he lived with the Sanford family near Elizaville. His occupation was silversmith. He married Eliza M. Kelly on June 2, 1868 in Bourbon County, Kentucky. In September 1875, Soloman was a storekeeper in Paris, Kentucky. He died on January 17, 1898 at Chicago, Illinois.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>The Union Officers</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Lieutenant Sadler went into the military service shortly after the Hillsboro engagement. William Clay Sadler, born November 24, 1836, at Flemingsburg, enrolled in Company H, 16th KY Inf. at Camp Kenton on October 12, 1861. Sadler held the rank as sergeant but was later promoted to 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant. He was married to Martha Jane Dudley, Sergeant Dudley's first cousin.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The exact identity of Sergeant Dudley has not been determined but we know that he was one of the sons of James Dudley and his wife Eliza Shumate. In 1850, Dudley was listed as an inn keeper in Flemingsburg. Their sons were Peyton Shumate (1825-1910), William Floyd (1826-1907), James Henry (1831-1905) and Newton Steele Dudley (1841-1923). However, in 1861, both Peyton S. and William F. Dudley were not living in Kentucky, leaving James H. and N. Steele Dudley as possibilities. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">After her husband's death in 1858, Eliza Dudley, the "celebrated hotel keeper," continued to run the family's inn.<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>*</b> </span>The place was known as the "Dudley House" which was situated at the northwest corner of Water Street and Main Cross in Flemingsburg, right in the center of town. The hotel was commodious, and featured twenty rooms, a kitchen, a smoke house, an ice house, two stables and a garden. A separate building housed 11 slaves. The hotel also served liquor to patrons. Eliza employed her son Newton Steele as barkeeper until he enlisted as 2nd Lieutenant in the 10th Kentucky Cavalry (US) at Flemingsburg on August 2, 1862. Brother James Henry was in charge of the stables. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhUzzskMe7ztcl34uF3cySbix2K02iMa8DWIdBiia3lQnLgx-1zIGJISQU-qm5Qb2emYUihNG6O-PcaiMZAAUED5OVuv_I3PH43zA8iBpZigqm0yxlHR0ANKauBhwagIPaKhxylJ_oDvPhn2oqhr4TeSG5j97CzasKt0iNnrI9ej2AlJMgC_UZXachrPw=s376" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="324" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhUzzskMe7ztcl34uF3cySbix2K02iMa8DWIdBiia3lQnLgx-1zIGJISQU-qm5Qb2emYUihNG6O-PcaiMZAAUED5OVuv_I3PH43zA8iBpZigqm0yxlHR0ANKauBhwagIPaKhxylJ_oDvPhn2oqhr4TeSG5j97CzasKt0iNnrI9ej2AlJMgC_UZXachrPw=s320" width="276" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sale of the Dudley House in 1866 after Eliza Dudley's death<br />Cynthiana News, July 19, 1866</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><b>Weapons</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Baxter's account also claims that the Flemingsburg Home Guards captured 127 Enfield rifles, and a large number of sabres, pistols, bowie knives, and cavalry equipments from the Confederates. It seems highly unlikely that Confederate recruits who were not mustered into the service were in possession of 127 Enfield Rifles in October of 1861. Early in the war, arms of any type were in short supply and typically, Confederate recruits were furnished a variety of weapons, including outdated flintlock muskets and Belgian rifles. Many soldiers brought their own personal weapons, such as hunting rifles and shotguns. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Some Confederates solved the problem of arming themselves by "confiscating" guns from the enemy before going to camp. The Lincoln Guns of the Home Guards were especially desired. On May 18, 1861, an attempt to stop and possibly capture a shipment of Lincoln Guns that were destined for Nicholas County basically failed. While Colonel Metcalfe was on his way from Maysville, by turnpike, with the arms for Nicholas county, a meeting was called at Carlisle at which a committee was appointed to go down the turnpike and meet Colonel Metcalfe. This committee met the colonel with the wagon containing the guns a little north of the Blue Licks Springs, and delivered their message that the guns must not be brought to Carlisle, and that seventy-five men were banded together to come to the turnpike bridge at Blue Licks, and prevent them from being taken beyond it. Colonel Metcalfe had with him, besides the driver, only two other men, citizens of his county. Metcalfe, however, said in response to the bearers of the message, "in language made emphatic by an oath, that they might go back and tell the men who had sent them, that seventy-five of them might come to the bridge, but that seventy-five would never go back to Carlisle; and with that he told his driver to drive on. Nobody met him at the bridge, and that night the guns were received by men awaiting the colonel's arrival, at his residence, on the turnpike, about two miles from Carlisle." </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Even though desired by Confederates during the early days of the war, Lincoln Guns were mostly converted flintlocks such as the 1816 and 1835 Springfield and Harper's Ferry muskets, not rifles such as Enfields. Some 380,000 flintlock muskets were altered to percussion at the national arsenals between 1848-1857. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The first Enfield rifles to reach Confederate soil since the start of the war arrived in Savannah, Georgia, on September 18, 1861. These highly sought after weapons were distributed to regiments in the field, not to potential recruits who were not mustered into the service yet such as Captain Halliday's men. It is highly unlikely that they were in possession of 127 Enfield Rifles. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">In conclusion, we know with absolute certainty that key details in Baxter's letter were completely exaggerated or untrue which makes the rest of his letter circumspect. There were no Union deaths nor are there any records that support the claim that any Confederates were taken prisoner. As a matter of fact, the Union authorities in Maysville claimed they had no idea about the fight much less any prisoners to report. Their wounded and killed, in absence of any records, can not be ascertained. It may also be noted that none of the men who served in Holladay's company and later filed for a Confederate pension mentioned the Hillsboro engagement. There could be several reasons - the engagement did not take place, the pensioner was not present or it was not mentioned because it took place before their formal enlistment in the Confederate Army. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The account of the Battle of Hillsboro published in the <i>Philadelphia Press</i> appears to be the most authentic and believable version of events that day and lends credence to the possibility that an engagement, in fact, did take place. It sets the Confederate force at more realistic strength, even though perhaps somewhat inflated, it does not boast of a large number of weapons captured nor does it give a false list of Union or Confederate casualties and prisoners. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">One credible scenario would be that Holladay and his men came into Fleming County, perhaps to recruit, and took up camp on Davis' farm. When word was received at Flemingsburg, the Home Guard company under Dudley mobilized, went to Hillsboro and disbursed the camp. The general panic that Holladay's presence most likely caused in town may have contributed to the rumors and speculations that the Confederates planned to burn Hillsboro or Flemingsburg or rob the Flemingsburg bank. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">However, no reports exist of any kind of depredations committed at or near Hillsboro even though Holladay's men were encamped on Davis' farm within a mile of the town. The Flemingsburg Home Guard company under Dudley proceeded to Hillsboro and quickly disbursed the camp. The whole affair lasted no longer than 20 minutes. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">It appears that details of the engagement at Hillsboro were shared with Nelson's Union soldiers, including the correspondent of the Philadelphia Press, while in Flemingsburg at the "Dudley House." This, if anything, makes the possibility of an engagement at Hillsboro on October 8, 1861, most convincing. The details may have been related by Sergeant Dudley himself, either Newton Steel, as he was pouring a drink to the men or by James Henry Dudley as he was tending to their horses. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Lastly, it is not clear why Baxter, who was a resident of Louisville, would have been present at the engagement as he claimed. He had no family ties to Fleming County but there may have been a business connection. More importantly, it should not be overlooked that Baxter was a business man who also had political aspirations. In the April 1862 elections, he ran on the Union ticket for Common Council, 7th Ward, in Louisville. After the Civil war, Baxter was elected mayor of the city and served two terms. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">His letter may have been purely a propaganda piece to show support of the Union cause, taking a small skirmish between Holladay and the Fleming Home Guards and inflating it, in order to motivate Union men to step up and enlist. It was published during a critical time when the Union was in need of some encouraging news from the "front," however small, in light of the ever growing threat of the Confederate recruiting camp at Prestonsburg, not to mention the Union's recent defeat at Barboursville and the push of Confederate forces under Zollicoffer at Cumberland Gap. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">John J. Crittenden was in the mountain counties making speeches and urging the people to rush to arms, and "strike till the last armed foe expires." Senator Garrett Davis, who was tasked by Lincoln to aid in the work of securing men, traveled through various Eastern Kentucky counties with a chest full of money, with authority from the Government to enroll men in the Military Service and to advance them one month's pay, amounting to $13.00, to be used by them in the support of their families. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">During this time, General William Nelson was assembling a force at Camp Kenton for his campaign against Williams' forces in the Big Sandy Valley. At the beginning of October 1861, Nelson issued a call in the Maysville Eagle, "Fighting men are wanted - men whose hearts are made of heroic stuff - men strong of frame and great of soul." On October 14, 1861, he placed a second call in the Maysville Eagle which was aimed specifically at the Home Guards of the Ninth and Ashland Districts. "Let every man that has a Government musket be on hand." His command included not only fully mustered volunteer regiments but also raw recruits, home guard companies as well as a group of civilians. Nelson subsequently led a successful campaign against Williams' Confederates, including Captain John B. Holladay's company, which resulted in a Union victory at Ivy Mountain on November 8, 1861 and secured the Big Sandy Valley for the Union. Baxter's letter thus may have served its intended purpose and in a small way contributed to Nelson's success.</div></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b>*</b> Hotel keeping ran in Eliza Dudley's family. Her father Peyton Shumate, Esq. owned a hotel in Carlisle, Nicholas County and her sister Amanda Tureman owned and managed the famous "Lee House" in Maysville which is still in existence today. In later years the Dudley House became known as the Holliday House and the Merchant's Hotel. Today it is the site of the Fleming County Justice Center.<div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-3619825113826927810" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 5px;"><em>Researched, compiled and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, February 2022. This specific article is under full copyright. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.<br /></em><div style="clear: both;"></div></div><div><em><br /></em></div><div class="post-footer" style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic;"></div></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-63411092507428504032022-01-31T10:11:00.004-05:002022-04-27T12:27:37.000-04:00Civil War in Bath County from a Civilian Perspective - Mary E. Sudduth's letter to General Quincy A. Gilmore<p>On January 28, 1863, 150 men from Humphrey Marshall's command descended upon Olympian Springs (aka Mudlick Springs) and surrounded the house of Hiram Jenkins. The main perpetrator Thomas Greenwade, who was actively recruiting a company for Marshall's command, had an on-going conflict with Jenkins which he intended to settle that night. Greenwade killed Jenkins and mortally wounded his son. He also killed 19 year old Thomas Yarber, a paroled soldier of the 2nd OVI who had the misfortune to be at Jenkins' house that night. His parents Randolph and Annie Yarber lived near Olympian Springs.</p><p>Prompted by these murders, Mary Ellen Sudduth, the widow of Major James Sudduth of Bath County whose husband had been killed in a similar fashion just three months earlier, wrote a letter to Brig. General Quincy A. Gilmore, pleading for protection from the incursions of the Confederates. Gilmore was division commander of the Army of Kentucky under Major General Gordon Granger.</p><p>Owingsville Jan 30th 1863</p><p>Brigadier Genl Gilmore</p><p> Sir </p><p> Although a perfect stranger to you I take the Liberty of addressing a few lines to you to let you know the the fix (sic) the Union Men are in in this Section of Country. Day before yesterday there was a Party of a bout (sic) 150 come to the Neighborhood of Mudlick Springs and surrounded the House of a good and true Union man Mr Jenkins (and suppose you there are not many of that kind here but what there is have to suffer many inconveniences) knocked at his Door and as he opened it shot him down and Thomas Greenwade one of the most notorious characters run up to him and stabbed him through his heart in the presence of his family. There was his Son and another Gentleman in the house they shot his son twice one shot going through his Neck and the Other through his Arm near the Shoulder breaking his Arm all to pieces. Mr Yarber attempted to get out of the Way by running they shot him and as soon as he fell they stabbed him to the heart his Son was not dead last Night but it was said to be impossible for him to live. They chased a Union Man living near the town who made his escape only by outriding them and swimming Slate Creek who came to town and let the Union Men know so as to get out of the way which they did and some of the Rebels here gave them notice that they were all gone which prevented them from coming to town. </p><p>It is the case constantly now that the good Union Men by these I mean those that have used the last exertion to crush the Rebellion in any way have to have their homes every Week to keep out of the way of them and indeed I do not consider that the loyal Females are at all safe under such circumstances. We have the worst set of Rebels here I know there has been a good many Arrests made and nearly every Man sent back Although they have been in the Confederate Army and are now entertaining Squads of Rebels as they pass in from the Army. </p><p>On the 18th of October they surrounded the house where my Husband had staid all Night and Murdered him in the most Brutal and cruel Manner. He had been absent from home 8 Weeks with a good many neighbors who returned on the 16 of Oct and the Evening after he returned he went to Licking for the purpose of establishing a Camp to recruit Men to defend this Section and on his way home staid all night with a friend and before 7 oclock in the Morning he was Murdered by a Detachment of Camerons Cavalry under Command of Col Triggs. They were camped at Tictown a distance of 20 Miles from here when the Union Men came from Maysville but they knew nothing of it. - and the Rebel Citizens here sent for them to come writing to Triggs as he said that there had 400 Men come under the Command of my lamented Husband Maj Sudduth that they were well armed and he could get them all and their Arms. I think if some of the Citizens here were made to suffer we could be more quiet and live in some peace. They were so eager for my Husband that they detached a Company to go out on Licking for him but he had left there before they arrived and they followed on and another Party went out of town and met at the House. He was informed by a little boy of the House that there were some Soldiers coming but not knowing there were any Rebels in the County he went out of the house expecting to see some of his own Men. Seeing he was completely overpowered he surrendered to them when one fired and broke his leg all to pieces & at the same Moment another fired and struck his hip inflicting a terrible wound and then a third fired but the ball missed him. In that condition he raised to his Elbow and Shot the Man who broke his leg killing him just as he was in the act of shooting him again. Then a fellow named Jardus caught him by the Throat and choked him till Miller put a Pistol to his head and shot him Threatening to shoot the Ladies about the house if they interfered. You therefore see what I have had to suffer from them. </p><p>Maj Sudduth was an uncompromising Union Man and has done many things in his power to keep the Rebels out of this part of the State. He went as a private with Genl Nelson and Col Cranor & Letcher to Piketon and Middle Creek guiding the Armies through the Mountains bearing his own expenses and receiving no pay from the Government. There is a Man in our town who said that the Rebels would hurt no one here but Maj. Sudduth and he would have to die or be taken Prisoner, this can be proven by two respectable Gentlemen, would it not be sufficient to have him arrested for and sent off. Jenkins was a poor Man and has left a large family. It seems hard that the loyal people should suffer so much and the Rebels permitted to return to and from the Confederate Army at leisure and boast that there will be nothing done with them. Cant you do something for us in the way of sending us some troops to clean out the Mountains. </p><p>Greenwade says there are several men in Owingsville he intends to kill, and sent the Sheriff and if he attempted to ride East of Owingsville he would kill him. Genl Granger offered $1000 for the Murderers of Maj Sudduth and Jenkins was very vigilant intending to get them if it was possible for which he has lost his life. An answer to this will be most kindly received hoping that you will remove some of the Rebels from among us.</p><p>Hoping to hear from you soon I am most</p><p>Respectfully your Friend</p><p>Mary E. Sudduth</p><p>Refer you to Col. Warren who knows my</p><p>Husband and myself.</p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj5eurMUvFd5j6yB0C-QXKaiVHJdslRJcXU3glLzENTULpEtvpGW6Vo62Bydtsrb9-zyo_ALQ9tynYPWs87fxw6NhDqFVx8mFLd3Ff_Ot-O4PJXsKd4RJ1IDTxedl24XiP5JvyYjO7eMANUb2JZqcCK9TTyGfd2I62HIiGcYcVZWsMRkwN8qkTz35BUog=s1600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1268" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj5eurMUvFd5j6yB0C-QXKaiVHJdslRJcXU3glLzENTULpEtvpGW6Vo62Bydtsrb9-zyo_ALQ9tynYPWs87fxw6NhDqFVx8mFLd3Ff_Ot-O4PJXsKd4RJ1IDTxedl24XiP5JvyYjO7eMANUb2JZqcCK9TTyGfd2I62HIiGcYcVZWsMRkwN8qkTz35BUog=w318-h400" width="318" /></a></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjCJJzlLu_E7JXCWNH5sIGrfn8b9sE8avaAR9Hg5za-DisqtqmRXPEBy0LYPNL9rFObdOGKQ_QdjiH5mV2fuoXjxxru89s4X4nBJh8ymkphgnTp5JtNq5-GjmuRRPpUGig5D78iLXVQ0xxysf5no8gn2mi_nlkgGwxQEqMpe_HqzzqL-gLR1lupqjgDZg=s1600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1285" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjCJJzlLu_E7JXCWNH5sIGrfn8b9sE8avaAR9Hg5za-DisqtqmRXPEBy0LYPNL9rFObdOGKQ_QdjiH5mV2fuoXjxxru89s4X4nBJh8ymkphgnTp5JtNq5-GjmuRRPpUGig5D78iLXVQ0xxysf5no8gn2mi_nlkgGwxQEqMpe_HqzzqL-gLR1lupqjgDZg=w321-h400" width="321" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVn0s1OqSitHx1ZTWCZpsyQKs5o883jxDI8ovWkqBTZPFtgpVqRTC-PSghKEEkB9trZ69bOikM8jfSZvkY0pDIrVkv-fUjoBjfjxP__GKNGCPQ1iqnw6szmSZ3MI_M4F4I8YWi00iPCtVuFUiXgGveiw4MOUfvafla1bg1dAVLuNuQsrnt4CjYiJeLDw=s1600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1261" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVn0s1OqSitHx1ZTWCZpsyQKs5o883jxDI8ovWkqBTZPFtgpVqRTC-PSghKEEkB9trZ69bOikM8jfSZvkY0pDIrVkv-fUjoBjfjxP__GKNGCPQ1iqnw6szmSZ3MI_M4F4I8YWi00iPCtVuFUiXgGveiw4MOUfvafla1bg1dAVLuNuQsrnt4CjYiJeLDw=w315-h400" width="315" /></a></div></div></blockquote><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgk8GtsHji9VpHKd0kTBLb2iZFivdH1ZaPyApHZty7jzfiys7hHbTH-IefV2UUoch2lqXdgunO-J9uye5LH4rqARwWcvPc2q-yFEhYpcT0cKxTvAtBznMkjmel5jDG2nK8XczY6yFJFz7jkG4pngv2T6NobMUOSt8Bi7GRPYe226MzuiE144lXmCnZZQg=s1600" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1258" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgk8GtsHji9VpHKd0kTBLb2iZFivdH1ZaPyApHZty7jzfiys7hHbTH-IefV2UUoch2lqXdgunO-J9uye5LH4rqARwWcvPc2q-yFEhYpcT0cKxTvAtBznMkjmel5jDG2nK8XczY6yFJFz7jkG4pngv2T6NobMUOSt8Bi7GRPYe226MzuiE144lXmCnZZQg=w315-h400" width="315" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mary Ellen Sudduth letter to Gen. Gilmore</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><p>Unfortunately, on February 1, 1863, the Confederates returned to Bath County and descended upon Owingsville with a force of 250 men. John Miller, the Jailer of Bath county, was barely able to escape and fled to Mt. Sterling. He then went to Lexington and gave an account of the incident to the local newspaper.</p><p>HUMPHREY MARSAHLL'S DOINGS IN NORTH-EASTERN KENTUCKY.—We have stated heretofore that several of the counties of Northeastern Kentucky were overrun by rebel guerillas. Mr. John Miller, the Jailer of Bath county, Ky., arrived in Lexington on Friday. He informs the Observer and Reporter that great trouble and suffering exists in Owingsville and vicinity, owing to the depredations which in the last week or so have been perpetrated by Humphrey Marshall's command. Their camp is but twenty-one miles from Owingsville, in the mountains, and whenever their necessities require it, they make a descent upon the town and vicinity—supply themselves with such articles as they want, so far as they can be found, and return. Mr. Miller states that about two hundred and fifty of these men entered Owingsville at a late hour on Sunday night, the 1st inst., stripped two boot and shoe stores completely—even taking baby shoes—then entered a dry goods house, from which they took all the cotton cloth, women's shoes, and other articles. They then gathered all the quilts in the neighborhood and all the sacks that could be found for the purpose of carrying off their plunder. They also took about one hundred of the best horses in the vicinity. </p><p>These bands are growing worse and more savage in their deportment daily; and it is now almost impossible for a Union man to live in Owingsville or vicinity. About the first of last week they murdered three men, two by the name of Jenkins—father and son —and a paroled soldier of the Second Ohio regiment by the name of Yarber. After shooting these men, to make sure of their death they stabbed them through the body with bowie knives. </p><p>Nearly all the Union men of Owingsville have had to fly for safety. Mr. Miller left himself, barefooted, with others, on a cold night, in the same condition, and in consequence had his feet frosted. He left a number of the refugees at Mount Sterling. The guerillas had a few days since a son of Colonel Sudduth who was recently brutally murdered, as a captive, but luckily he made his escape. Mr. Gill, the proprietor of the Olympian Springs, had to fly for his life. </p><p>The robberies perpetrated by the guerillas so far have been confined to Union men. He thinks if a small force could be sent to Olympian Springs these marauders could be checked or kept back in their mountain passes. So many men have joined the army from that section of the country that there are not now enough left to form a Home Guard that would be of any service. </p><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Continued Reading</span></b></div><p><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2022/04/the-life-and-death-of-james-l-sudduth.html" target="_blank">The Life and Death of James L. Sudduth</a><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="post-footer" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"></div><p></p><div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-3619825113826927810" itemprop="description articleBody" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18.2px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 5px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><em>Researched, compiled and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, January 2022. This specific article is under full copyright. Copyright © 2022, All Rights Reserved.<br /></em><div style="clear: both;"></div></div>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-68573190328671085012021-12-13T11:06:00.003-05:002021-12-13T11:13:18.201-05:00Flemingsburg Welcomes the 33rd OVI, October 16, 1861<p> At the beginning of October 1861, General William "Bull" Nelson began assembling troops at the newly established Camp Kenton in Mason County, near Maysville, Kentucky. His objective was to move against the Confederates who were assembling in a camp near Prestonsburg, Floyd County, Kentucky. Nelson left Camp Kenton on October 16, 1861, to join up with additional troops and consolidate his force at Olympian Springs. Accompanying Nelson was the 33rd OVI from Portsmouth, Ohio, commanded by Colonel Joshua W. Sill. </p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgB9-WOThOG_zwRAWgkZhgxJTIO9Q34vPvO9RpwFSTZqgpwxStT4_At1VTFgZ4LH1FYKxYsIFJOXOl-yZtsYe0z-DOBS8WO4kf8qOM7BZFUvWkq9xa5DAGMUp_ioNDAdUrCb-z0dp8vneSDkuF7ukvl1H-XHRSoOKD2ozx4ZexKQnXawtE0NyKPvKnLgw=s490" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="378" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgB9-WOThOG_zwRAWgkZhgxJTIO9Q34vPvO9RpwFSTZqgpwxStT4_At1VTFgZ4LH1FYKxYsIFJOXOl-yZtsYe0z-DOBS8WO4kf8qOM7BZFUvWkq9xa5DAGMUp_ioNDAdUrCb-z0dp8vneSDkuF7ukvl1H-XHRSoOKD2ozx4ZexKQnXawtE0NyKPvKnLgw=s320" width="247" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Colonel Joshua W. Sill, 33d OVI</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The following letter was published in the <i>Cincinnati Daily Commercial</i>, October 21, 1861.</p><p><b>FROM THE THIRTY-THIRD OHIO REGIMENT.</b></p><p><b>How Well the Ohio Soldiers are Received by the Union Men of Kentucky.</b></p><p>Flemingsburg, KY., Oct. 17, 1861.</p><p>EDS. COM.: - We left the Fair Ground where we had been since Monday night, near Maysville, yesterday at 3 P. M. , and arrived here at 8; and such a welcome awaited us as no soldiers ever had before. God bless the people of Flemingsburg! The whole town turned out to greet us - houses illuminated, handkerchiefs waving, voices cheering - a perfect ovation. The ladies prepared a supper for us with their own fair hands, and waited on us in every possible way to make us comfortable and glad. We not only had the substantials in the way of eatables, but delicacies of every kind - fruit, sweetmeats, cakes, &c.</p><p>Talk about Union people in Ohio, the Kentuckians beat us all. We have seen nothing like this since we have been in the service, and many of us are three months men, re-enlisted, and have been on duty in Virginia, Eastern and Western.</p><p>No wonder "Secesh" wanted to hold such a State, and no wonder that we have resolved at any cost to sustain such a loyal and generous people.</p><p>In the morning we received the same care and attention. The ladies vied with each other in bestowing upon us their smiles, and what some of us perhaps liked equally well their hot coffee, rolls, beefsteaks, broiled and friend chicken, &c., &.</p><p>Wasn't this <i>some</i> for soldiers? Who wouldn't enlist to defend such homes as these? This is much nicer of a town than I had supposed; has an air of comfort as well as business; and the country hence to Maysville is certainly the finest I have yet seen. I tell you it was a nice sight to see those beautiful ladies going to and fro like ministering angels, as they are - mothers and daughters - even the children - with their refreshments to our jaded boys. One such welcome and scene as this, will repay countless privations that may await us. Every door was thrown open to us; every hand was open to receive and welcome us. Can such a people perish? Never, never!</p><p>We leave for Mt. Sterling in a few moments; our gallant Col. Sill having just received orders to march there instead of "Olympian Springs," as we had supposed. We leave behind us here four of our men sick; they will be in good hands.</p><p>If anything of special interest turns up, I will try in my feeble way to advise you.</p><p>It has been raining in torrents all the morning, and still continues.</p><p>33d SCRIBE.</p><p><br /></p><p>Before their departure from Flemingsburg, the 33rd OVI addressed the citizens of Flemingsburg and vicinity, thanking them for the hospitality shown to them. It was published in the <i>Fleming Star </i>and re-printed in the <i>Louisville Courier Journal</i>, October 31, 1861.</p><p>(From the <i>Fleming Star</i>).</p><p>TO THE CITIZENS OF FLEMINGSBURG AND VICINITY.</p><p>The undersigned officers of the Thirty-third Regiment Ohio Volunteers United States Army, take this means of expressing their heartfelt thanks to you for the warm and enthusiastic reception that the regiment has met at your hands. They have often heard of the hospitality and loyalty of Kentucky; but war had wrought such changes amongst our countrymen that it was feared that the first march of a regiment of Ohioans would be viewed with distrust by her citizens. But our reception last evening, and the <i>substantial cheer</i> our soldiers received at the hands of your fair ladies, have dissipated all such fears, and we <i>now</i> feel that we are fighting not only for a <i>great principle</i>, but by the side of those <i>who properly appreciate our motives</i>, and who will not let us suffer for sympathy. <i>A heart-warm adieu!</i> </p><p>(Signed) J. W. SILL. Col. 33d O. V.</p><p> O. F. MOORE, Lieut. Col.</p><p> J. V. ROBINSON, Jr. Maj.</p><p> E. E. COLBURN, Qr. Master</p><p> J. M. KENDRICK, Adj.</p><p> J. D. MUBRY }</p><p> A. J. PHELPS } Med. Staff</p><p>October 17, 1861</p><p><br /></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0unuSLZpGLYLUQskEbUu7BEb20WRLMG8qmTePiLRADibwmdvkjXNhmU_iVFF4_sAcIlPhzCxGZlmsmO8DUPUAMrq5H3AGUZYc7HdFNb4LlnsPhQSJbMbyDUv4jNX0tKii7f6mT1tHSQg4nNpAWzsjqdqVFW601AldsgfjBr3Mh7EdNpOf0tubgutuJQ=s680" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="371" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0unuSLZpGLYLUQskEbUu7BEb20WRLMG8qmTePiLRADibwmdvkjXNhmU_iVFF4_sAcIlPhzCxGZlmsmO8DUPUAMrq5H3AGUZYc7HdFNb4LlnsPhQSJbMbyDUv4jNX0tKii7f6mT1tHSQg4nNpAWzsjqdqVFW601AldsgfjBr3Mh7EdNpOf0tubgutuJQ=w350-h640" width="350" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Counties of Mason, Fleming, Bath and Montgomery<br />Lloyd's Official Map of Kentucky, 1862<br />Library of Congress</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p><span style="color: #38761d; font-size: medium;"><b>Additional Sources</b></span></p><p><b style="color: #38761d;"><a href="http://www.ohiocivilwar.com/cw33.html" target="_blank">33rd Ohio Infantry</a>, </b><b>Ohio in the Civil War</b>, compiled by Larry Stevens</p><p><a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/chron/civilwarnotes/sill.html" target="_blank"><b>Joshua W. Sill Biography</b></a><br /></p><p>For a detailed look at General William "Bull" Nelson's 1861 Eastern Kentucky Campaign</p><p><a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/marlitta-h-perkins/the-most-brilliant-little-victory/ebook/product-17eyrn9g.html?page=1&pageSize=4" target="_blank"><b>The Most Brilliant Little Victory</b>, by Marlitta H. Perkins</a> (epub)<br /></p><p><a href="https://www.lulu.com/en/us/shop/marlitta-h-perkins/the-most-brilliant-little-victory/paperback/product-1mwe2yj2.html?page=1&pageSize=4" target="_blank"><b>The Most Brilliant Little Victory</b></a>, by Marlitta H. Perkins (print)<br /></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #555544;"><i style="background-color: white; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Transcribed by Marlitta H. Perkins, December 2021. </i><br style="background-color: white; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><i style="background-color: white; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Marlitta H. Perkins © 2021. All Rights Reserved</i></span></p>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-14136815748173007442018-02-06T12:30:00.000-05:002019-05-14T20:56:59.528-04:00Union Burials in Eastern Kentucky - Lawrence CountyThis is the second post in a series dealing with Union burials in Eastern Kentucky. It focuses on burials in Lawrence County.<br />
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Throughout the years I have received numerous inquiries regarding the burial sites of Union soldiers who died in Eastern Kentucky during the Civil War. Contrary to popular (or logical) assumption the majority of these men are not resting in Kentucky soil but were taken to Indiana to be re-interred in the New Albany National Cemetery. For a detailed explanation, please read my introduction <a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2018/01/union-burials-in-eastern-kentucky-louisa.html" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
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<b>Legend</b><br />
NANC = New Albany National Cemetery<br />
Sec. = Section<br />
# ABC/XYZ = old/new site number in New Albany National Cemetery<br />
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Note: Burial numbers without any additional information indicate unknown soldiers.<br />
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<b>Gordon Burgess Farm</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmq2BvrdKZxbgJofStTrGDhqqhI7JGxbnm1zFjWeNG5uhpgvmWT9DveT1UG6wnv4slZ9-6GrgP9vgQEWBejYJGXDOWZbqhkFQY-OUhImOGQTJdyLAJiR1ciUGbDzIrq2O5uhHD55xvw39h/s1600/Gordon+Burgess+Farm+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+80%252C+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="862" data-original-width="1600" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmq2BvrdKZxbgJofStTrGDhqqhI7JGxbnm1zFjWeNG5uhpgvmWT9DveT1UG6wnv4slZ9-6GrgP9vgQEWBejYJGXDOWZbqhkFQY-OUhImOGQTJdyLAJiR1ciUGbDzIrq2O5uhHD55xvw39h/s400/Gordon+Burgess+Farm+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+80%252C+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b style="color: #351c75;">Buried in Citizens Graveyard on Gordon Burges farm, 3 miles below Peach Orchard opposite George's Creek on a ridge 1/3 mile north of Big Sandy River. Died on George's Creek but taken to opposite side of River for burial. 350 yards north East of Mr. Burges House and 60 yds North of Sycamore tree ~ Head lying west.</b><br />
<span style="color: #351c75;"><b>Two brothers, belonged to the same Regiment and Company and died the same month. Were identified by Mr. Burges who was present at burial.</b></span><br />
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# 2369 James White, Private, Co. I, 39th KY, d. January 1, 1863. ~ NANC, Sec. B, # 992/1245<br />
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# 2370 P. White, Private, Co. I, 39th KY, d. January 6, 1863. ~ NANC, Sec. B, # 993/1246<br />
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<b>John Borders Farm</b></div>
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<i>(no map)</i></div>
<b style="color: #351c75;">In citizens Graveyard on Squire John Border's land 2 Miles from Peach Orchard up the river. 1/3 mile from Big Sandy River. 140 paces East of road leading from Peach Orchard to Rock Castle Creek, on side Hill, 19 1/2 paces south of Dead white oak tree and 26 paces North of Beech tree.</b><br />
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# 2366 Joseph Adkins, Private, Co. E, 39th KY, d. April 5, 1863. Died at John Borders' house April 5, 1863 ~ information received from Mr. Borders. ~ NANC Sec. B, # 989/1242<br />
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<b>J. W. Hawes Farm</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1dDpl_5jYq0YhaQD-gdO4bhSnfbAHt706DzDAA0__VH4pbiI3rv7Mo7UDFoB_XrZoIkxSudFRYKxuZkWVIwbARJ9vKljcrcNZGHl1J0x_5rsqP4HntiwYkqTuPSqHPUbYqlKFpl_aASFr/s1600/Hawes+Farm+burial%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+87%252C+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="842" data-original-width="1600" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1dDpl_5jYq0YhaQD-gdO4bhSnfbAHt706DzDAA0__VH4pbiI3rv7Mo7UDFoB_XrZoIkxSudFRYKxuZkWVIwbARJ9vKljcrcNZGHl1J0x_5rsqP4HntiwYkqTuPSqHPUbYqlKFpl_aASFr/s400/Hawes+Farm+burial%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+87%252C+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b style="color: #351c75;">Buried 2 Miles west of Louisa on J. W. Hawes' farm in an old field among some citizens graves, his child is buried on right side facing west, graves marked "C" in plat are Citizens. Apple tree 15 yards N. E. of grave.</b><br />
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# 2457 George Willis, Private, Co. F, 39th KY Inf., d. January 12, 1865. Was murdered at his house by some robbers ~ 1 mile North West from where he was buried. His family has since moved to Ohio ~ was identified by citizens who helped to bury him. ~ His child was buried on the right side of Willis' grave, facing west.<br />
According to his service records, he was "Killed by Rebels." Lieutenant Augustus Kendrick, Co. F, 39th Kentucky Infantry, stated that the command was just returning from a raid on Saltville, Virginia, and that while on the march, Willis was furloughed to come by his home. He was killed by "Gurillas" on the night of January 12, 1865. Colonel George W. Gallup (14th Kentucky Infantry) who, at the time, was commander of the Military District of Eastern Kentucky, stated that George Willis was killed in the line of duty. His house was approximately 1/2 mile from camp but still within the vidette line. Gallup, with a detachment of cavalry, went in pursuit of the guilty parties who were subsequently captured. ~ NANC Sec. A, # 16/16.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Peach Orchard</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Q9BfCt4K9fTKxlv-0V26oNkv35EA3AtG3y9NB_kzGkTgZhQFj63EYE2xpLX31zxeGhjTGx_M0Dt06e_i9oxa8rl6sa745-YkyvEmXcBYKX6mjT3xnELltyPaxaMXZAjmebwSQsVTdbHc/s1600/Peach+Orchard+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+79%252C+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="771" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Q9BfCt4K9fTKxlv-0V26oNkv35EA3AtG3y9NB_kzGkTgZhQFj63EYE2xpLX31zxeGhjTGx_M0Dt06e_i9oxa8rl6sa745-YkyvEmXcBYKX6mjT3xnELltyPaxaMXZAjmebwSQsVTdbHc/s400/Peach+Orchard+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+79%252C+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<b style="color: #351c75;">Peach Orchard, Lawrence Co. Ky. 20 miles above Louisa on East side of river ~ 900 feet North East of Peach Orchard, 12 feet South of Oak tree.</b><br />
<span style="color: #351c75;"><br /></span>
# 2367 Wm. Cavens, Private, Co. C, 14th Ky Inf. Head stone marked "W. C." was identified by Citizen who was present at funeral ~ NANC Sec. B, # 990/1243<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #351c75;">86 feet South of above ~</span><br />
# 2368 Recorded as John S. Sipples, Corporal, 39th KY Inf., d. Feb. 7, 1863. Head stone marked "E. J. S." ~ was identified by a Citizen who took care of him until death and was present at funeral. (According to regimental records, this was Florentine John Sipples, Corporal, 39th KY Inf., d. Feb. 7, 1863, Peach Orchard) ~ NANC Sec. B, # 991/1244<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Helpful Sources and Links</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2018/01/union-burials-in-eastern-kentucky-louisa.html" target="_blank">Union Burials in Eastern Kentucky - Louisa</a></b><br />
<br />
<a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000832751" target="_blank">Roll of honor; names of soldiers who died in defense of the American union, interred in the national [and other] cemeteries</a>. <span style="color: #38761d;"><b>27 volumes. (Available on Hathi Trust Digital Library)</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Burial Ledgers. The National Cemetery Administration, Washington, D.C. (Original records transferred to NARA: Burial Registers, compiled 1867-2006, documenting the period 1831-2006. ARC ID: 5928352. Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, 1773–2007, Record Group 15. National Archives at Washington, D.C. (Available on Ancestry.com) </b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://gravelocator.cem.va.gov/" target="_blank">Nationwide Gravesite Locator</a><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>National Cemetery Administration, US Department of Veterans Affairs</b></span><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.cem.va.gov/CEM/cems/nchp/newalbany.asp" target="_blank">New Albany National Cemetery</a><br />
<b><span style="color: #38761d;">New Albany, Indiana</span></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<i>Article researched and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, February 2018. Unauthorized use and/or duplication without express written notice by the author is strictly prohibited. </i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>Marlitta H. Perkins © 2018. All Rights Reserved</i>Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-36626428589455867872018-01-17T19:59:00.000-05:002018-02-06T12:31:18.406-05:00Union Burials in Eastern Kentucky - LouisaThis post will be the first in a series dealing with Union burials in Eastern Kentucky, beginning with Louisa, Lawrence County.<br />
<br />
Throughout the years I have received numerous inquiries regarding the burial sites of Union soldiers who died in Eastern Kentucky during the Civil War. Contrary to popular (or logical) assumption the majority of these men are not resting in Kentucky soil but were taken to Indiana to be re-interred in the New Albany National Cemetery. Why, you may ask?<br />
<br />
On July 17, 1862, Congress passed an act that those who gave their lives in defense of the Republic should rest forever within the guarded confines of a national cemetery. Immediately following the end of the Civil War in 1865, the Quartermaster Department, being tasked to care for the Army's dead, initiated plans plans to locate and exhume human remains from battlefields and other temporary graves to concentrate them in national cemeteries. General Orders No. 40, issued July 3, 1865, sought lists of interments registered during the war, but only documentation for less than 30 percent of the dead was produced; it then became necessary to review casualty reports. As a result, General Orders No. 65, issued on October 30, 1865, requested the locations of cemeteries and gave recommendations for their preservation.<br />
<br />
A joint resolution of Congress, approved April 13, 1866, authorized and required the Secretary of War “to take immediate measures to preserve from desecration the graves of soldiers of the United States who fell in battle or died of disease in the field and in hospitals during the war of the rebellion.” National cemeteries were officially established with the Act to Establish and to Protect National Cemeteries, approved February 22, 1867.<br />
<br />
The work of the Quartermaster Department proved to be enormously challenging. The vast majority of the graves were marked with temporary wooden headboards which were either decaying, had fallen to the ground or were completely destroyed. Efforts were made to locate witnesses who could point out the graves and/or identify the soldiers and the circumstances of their deaths. However, only 58% of the disinterred and reburied soldiers were identified. Despite the difficulties encountered the work went forward so rapidly between 1866 and 1870, that the Cemeterial Division had disinterred the remains of nearly 300,000 war dead and laid them to rest in 73 newly created national cemeteries. In September 1871, the numbers had risen to seventy-four national cemeteries containing the remains of 303,536 Union soldiers.<br />
<br />
During the war, Louisa developed into a Union strong-hold. It was here, where the 14th Kentucky Infantry was organized in 1861 and from where Garfield launched his Eastern Kentucky Campaign. Louisa became the seat of the Military District of Eastern Kentucky which included a Provost Marshall's office, and thus functioned as a main point for prisoner transportation down the Sandy River for transfer to Camp Chase, Ohio, as well as other military prisons. When the organization of US Colored Troops began in Kentucky, Louisa was designated as a camp of reception for recruits for the Ninth Congressional District on June 13, 1864. However, on July 13, 1864, the point of reception was changed to Ashland, Boyd County, Kentucky, by order of the Secretary of War.<br />
<br />
During the summer of 1864, the US military began construction of Fort Bishop on the hill towering above Louisa to protect the town against Confederate raids. A detail of forty-seven soldiers of the 109th USCI supplied the labor for the construction of Fort Bishop, which, partially finished, occupied a commanding position above Louisa from the top of town hill. The fort was 3/4 completed, including the magazine, and was armed with 7 field guns, when the project was finally abandoned in 1865, due to the end of the war.<br />
<br />
Between 1861 and 1865, various Union regiments encamped at Louisa, including the 14th, 22nd, 30th and 39th Kentucky Infantry, 10th Kentucky Cavalry, 11th Michigan Cavalry, 4th VA Infantry, 5th VA Cavalry, 21st OVI, 40th OVI, 42nd OVI and 59th OVI, McLaughlin's Squadron of Cavalry, and the 65th Illinois Infantry, 2d Illinois Artillery (1st and 2d section, Company M), 109th USCI, 114th USCI and the 68th Kentucky Enrolled Militia.<br />
<br />
Five burial locations were identified by the US Quartermaster Department at or near Louisa, with a total of 86 graves. Two burial sites were located on a hill above the town, site of present day Pine Hill Cemetery - Section No. 1 was designated for white soldiers, Section No. 2 for US Colored Troops, located 200 yards north of Section No. 1. The third location was on Judge Clayton's Farm. Locations four and five were situated on the farms of Mr. Vinson and Mrs. Davidson, respectively. Plat maps were furnished for each location and are included here.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Legend</b></span><br />
NANC = New Albany National Cemetery<br />
Sec. = Section<br />
# ABC/XYZ = old/new site number in New Albany National Cemetery<br />
<br />
Note: Burial numbers without any additional information indicate unknown soldiers.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlCV74VYAzbhGwoCscb3AGozzEEaRo2muVtGjkdkJObHbhzZLpnYgjiWQu8qQ_noXZCEq05yNM_VykEjFhA-NKowGJo7ZNAkavvw7q-yEcvDuH2ZaiOvXscKorlWSo-PCPKYELLwC21wKe/s1600/louisamp%252C+large%252C+cemetery.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="561" data-original-width="570" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlCV74VYAzbhGwoCscb3AGozzEEaRo2muVtGjkdkJObHbhzZLpnYgjiWQu8qQ_noXZCEq05yNM_VykEjFhA-NKowGJo7ZNAkavvw7q-yEcvDuH2ZaiOvXscKorlWSo-PCPKYELLwC21wKe/s400/louisamp%252C+large%252C+cemetery.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Graveyard (now Pine Hill Cemetery) is noted on the 1865 map of Louisa<br />
(US Engineer Department, June 27, 1865)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Louisa Graves, Section No. 1</b> </div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI_DwhXEbSQUwmsoIWsqPxW9C2e-cv9WonRIb7VDllFaDP6_aQL_Mk6V_cnOW1xXqV8axAzhJ1dC9mW2eDShAVgbBGCvKKqBAPI91n9TuRHBWxjZqHfWrvMgj1IklSEh8s-WrEWgN4Tsn7/s1600/Louisa+burials%252C+map.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" data-original-height="829" data-original-width="1600" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI_DwhXEbSQUwmsoIWsqPxW9C2e-cv9WonRIb7VDllFaDP6_aQL_Mk6V_cnOW1xXqV8axAzhJ1dC9mW2eDShAVgbBGCvKKqBAPI91n9TuRHBWxjZqHfWrvMgj1IklSEh8s-WrEWgN4Tsn7/s400/Louisa+burials%252C+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="text-align: center;">Buried at Louisa Ky. 3/4 of a mile west of town in an old cultivated field in Citizens Graveyard ~ graves in very poor condition. Coffins in good order. The Graveyard is on Thomas Wallace's land ~ all graves marked "C" are </span><span style="text-align: center;">Citizens graves</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></b></span>
# 2371 - 2381 (19)<br />
# 2390 Reuben Sparks, Private, Co. A, 39th KY, d. April 1863, NANC Sec. B, #1303/1556<br />
# 2391 - 2393<br />
# 2394 W. J. , 39th KY , headstone marked W. J., NANC Sec. B, #1307<br />
# 2395 - 2398<br />
# 2399 John Blackburn, private, Co. D, 39th KY, d. Aug. 15, 1863, NANC Sec. B, # 1312/1565<br />
# 2400 - 2402<br />
# 2403 Unknown, Lieutenant, unknown unit and d.o.d., NANC Sec. B, #1316<br />
# 2404<br />
# 2405 George W. Blackburn, private, Co. C, 39th KY, March 1, 1864, NANC Sec. B, # 1318/1571<br />
# 2406 - 2410<br />
# 2411 Dennis Coleman, 1st Lieutenant, Co. H, 39th KY, d. Jan. 1864; identified by citizen, NANC Sec. B, # 1324/1577 <i>(Richard Dennis Coleman, d. 1/1/1864)</i><br />
# 2412 - 2418<br />
# 2419 Daniel Gullett, private, Co. I, 14th KY Inf., d. Feb. 24, 1863; initials &c. on Stone at head of grave; NC Sec. B, # 1332/1585<br />
# 2420 - 2421<br />
# 2422 Hiram Jude, private, Co. C, 39th KY, d. June 21, 1865; identified by citizen, NANC Sec. B, # 964/1217<br />
# 2423<br />
# 2424 J. R., Co. D; head stake marked J. R. Co. D; NANC Sec. B, # 969<br />
<br />
(54 burials)<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Louisa Graves, Section No. 2</b><br />
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj00YLFkrtwmOuU-zTsVJ0ICP2xUFUuTsKMycajgrjE91MjH84ob62iDhb8HwiMnEBKy7VBREyftGuhExx86-_lx8EGszRyQEJT8bKNBXG0ddJF-9xUNwCCBYExTNEK7_umcSGctsLCkD_k/s1600/Louisa%252C+Wallace+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+84%252C+map.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" data-original-height="869" data-original-width="1600" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj00YLFkrtwmOuU-zTsVJ0ICP2xUFUuTsKMycajgrjE91MjH84ob62iDhb8HwiMnEBKy7VBREyftGuhExx86-_lx8EGszRyQEJT8bKNBXG0ddJF-9xUNwCCBYExTNEK7_umcSGctsLCkD_k/s400/Louisa%252C+Wallace+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+84%252C+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="text-align: center;">Buried 3/4 of mile west of Louisa and 200 yards north of 1st graves on a rough hillside on Mr. Wallace's land and </span><span style="text-align: center;">100 yards north-west of an old Negro Cabin - graves in good condition ~ buried in two rows. </span><span style="text-align: center;">Old stump between 8 and 9 ~ all are unknown. No headboards.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></b></span>
# 2425 - 2444 (via register) ~ # 2425 - 2443 (via map)<br />
<br />
All burials were listed as unknown colored.<br />
<br />
(20 or 21 burials)<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Graveyard on Judge Clayton's Farm</b><br />
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikb6KQu6-DvjuvVxf3iUcJeE9IJHQbfRwQ94HN1LxUowHluEy3_qEMNN5xdjeDRow_9Mnahb8sCaeWi2-W6A5H3p1j3s8uy61f5Ubc-7EO3GzJ7AmbpL8tVMWO__Ve-D8GyiEwtKy3wWTE/s1600/Louisa%252C+Clayton+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+85%252C+map.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" data-original-height="1048" data-original-width="1600" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikb6KQu6-DvjuvVxf3iUcJeE9IJHQbfRwQ94HN1LxUowHluEy3_qEMNN5xdjeDRow_9Mnahb8sCaeWi2-W6A5H3p1j3s8uy61f5Ubc-7EO3GzJ7AmbpL8tVMWO__Ve-D8GyiEwtKy3wWTE/s400/Louisa%252C+Clayton+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+85%252C+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b><span style="text-align: center;">Buried on Judge Clayton's land 1 1/2 miles North West of Louisa in the woods and 350 yards North East of Small Pox Hospital - in poor condition - only two Headboards standing and they were defaced so that they cannot be identified. </span><span style="text-align: center;">Graves marked "C" in plat are citizens. </span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></div>
# 2445 - 2447<br />
# 2448 Colored, NANC Sec. C, # 865<br />
# 2449<br />
# 2450 Isaac Elswick, Corporal, Co. D. 39th KY, d. Dec. 6, 1864, NANC Sec. A, # 6/6<br />
# 2451 - 2452<br />
<br />
(7 burials)<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Burials on Mr. Vinson's Farm and in Mrs. Davidson's Family Graveyard</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjbf1cliW9LPA4uqmTnHkC_Zrh3R7K_ABceQLrNp3EMYUZhYUxcTEvpY-Kd55kX-TijRFd3nFDFqMLWnG0egEnBFc5nM4k3n5hhK5ZagebZFw56tcTZKKdwSGgfNfk-7bEOTNxoJU92yQI/s1600/Vinson+-+Davidson+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+86%252C+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjbf1cliW9LPA4uqmTnHkC_Zrh3R7K_ABceQLrNp3EMYUZhYUxcTEvpY-Kd55kX-TijRFd3nFDFqMLWnG0egEnBFc5nM4k3n5hhK5ZagebZFw56tcTZKKdwSGgfNfk-7bEOTNxoJU92yQI/s400/Vinson+-+Davidson+burials%252C+New+Albany+National+Cemetery%252C+p.+86%252C+map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="color: #351c75;"><b>Buried 1 1/3 miles South East of Louisa on Mr. Vincan's farm on a rough side hill 350 yds. south from Mr. Vincan's house in family burying ground. ~ Black oak tree stands 9 yards South of graves on right side of old road.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #351c75;"><br /></span>
# 2453 Jeremiah Hatfield, private, Co. E, 39th KY, d. May 10, 1863. Identified by Mr. Vincan's Daughter. NANC, Sec. A, # 2/2<br />
# 2454 G. R., 39th KY, d. April 4, 1863. Identified by Mr. Vincan's Daughter.<i> </i>NANC, Sec. A, # 12/ <i>(This may be Stephen W. Rowe, Private, Company D, 39th KY, who died April 2, 1863, at Louisa. MP)</i><br />
<br />
(2 burials)<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Buried on Mrs. Davidson's farm 3/4 of a mile South East from Louisa on opposite side of the road from Mr. Vincan's house.</b></span><br />
<br />
# 2455 Isom Blankenship, private, Co. K, 39th KY, d. March 21, 1863. Identified by Mrs. Davidson's Son. NANC, Sec. A, # 3<br />
# 2456 Joseph Taylor, Asst. Surgeon, 39th KY, d. March 22, 1863. Identified by Mrs. Davidson's Son. NANC, Sec. A, # 7/7<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
(2 burials)</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #20124d;"><b>Helpful Sources and Links</b></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000832751" target="_blank">Roll of honor; names of soldiers who died in defense of the American union, interred in the national [and other] cemeteries.</a> <span style="color: #38761d;"><b>27 volumes. (Available on Hathi Trust Digital Library)</b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: #741b47;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #38761d;"><b>Burial Ledgers. The National Cemetery Administration, Washington, D.C. (Original records transferred to NARA: Burial Registers, compiled 1867-2006, documenting the period 1831-2006. ARC ID: 5928352. Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, 1773–2007, Record Group 15. National Archives at Washington, D.C. (Available on Ancestry.com) </b></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="https://gravelocator.cem.va.gov/" target="_blank">Nationwide Gravesite Locator</a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>National Cemetery Administration, US Department of Veterans Affairs</b></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="https://www.cem.va.gov/CEM/cems/nchp/newalbany.asp" target="_blank">New Albany National Cemetery</a></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>New Albany, Indiana</b></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="https://goo.gl/maps/f4MEn1ncz5F2" target="_blank">Pine Hill Cemetery, Louisa, Kentucky</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<i>Article researched and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, January 2018. Unauthorized use and/or duplication without express written notice by the author is strictly prohibited. </i></div>
<div>
<i>Marlitta H. Perkins © 2018. All Rights Reserved.</i></div>
</div>
Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-66896965781101634752016-05-28T10:26:00.000-04:002016-05-28T10:26:44.286-04:00The Martyrs of the Race Course - An Example of Kindness, Respect and Honor<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Formerly
known as Decoration Day, Memorial Day was first enacted to honor Union soldiers
of the American Civil War. After World War I it was expanded to include the men
and women of all wars who died while in the military service. It was officially
proclaimed to be celebrated nationwide by General John A. Logan,
commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.), a Union veterans
organization chartered by Congress, in his 11th General Order, and was first
observed on May 30, 1868, when flowers were placed on the graves of Union and
Confederate soldiers at Arlington National Cemetery. Over the years, G.A.R.
posts were instrumental in the implementation of Memorial Day across the
nation.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i>General
Order No. 11:</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i>"The
30th of May, 1868, is designated for the purpose of strewing with flowers, or
otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their
country during the late rebellion, and whose bodies now lie in almost every
city, village, and hamlet churchyard in the land. In this observance no form of
ceremony is prescribed, but posts and comrades will in their own way arrange
such fitting services and testimonials of respect as circumstances may
permit."</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The
honor of having conceived and originated the custom was claimed by several parties.
According to a newspaper article from the Trenton State Gazette, dated July 20,
1869, it was claimed to have been first observed on May 29, 1864, at Port
Royal, Virginia (it being a transfer post for wounded soldiers), by the lady
and other attendants of the hospital. The second place that claimed the honor
was situated on the James River, in the rear of the Union Army, during the
summer of 1864.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The
third claim was that it was inaugurated on May 1, 1865 in Charleston, South
Carolina at the cemetery in rear of the race course rebel prison. This particular
Memorial Day observance originated from a simple yet powerful gesture of
gratitude, kindness and respect and was extraordinary in all respects. The
ceremonies took place in the presence of an immense gathering which a <span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><i>New York Tribune</i></span> correspondent described as “a
procession of friends and mourners as South Carolina and the United States
never saw before.”</div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWs-vxQaoXn2OrrnOp-GIIE9UQnqXNSt4xyN5YkH2thwV_t2o6q3HC9nq0W2OSkUah-W4FQKgXrT1xctqP7eak_8-ZNg4w3yizMyiidHS2oLBISpiEPWarLGJoGn2abM8IKQnhHwEKPa8C/s1600/WashRaceCourse1864_650x650.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWs-vxQaoXn2OrrnOp-GIIE9UQnqXNSt4xyN5YkH2thwV_t2o6q3HC9nq0W2OSkUah-W4FQKgXrT1xctqP7eak_8-ZNg4w3yizMyiidHS2oLBISpiEPWarLGJoGn2abM8IKQnhHwEKPa8C/s320/WashRaceCourse1864_650x650.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-size: 10.24px;">
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Robert Knox Sneden, Charleston S.C., A.D. 1864</span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Library of Congress</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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During the Civil War, captured Union
soldiers were held as prisoners at the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/gvhs01.vhs00284" target="_blank">Washington Race Course</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(now<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Hampton Park), in Charleston. Before the war, the
track was home of the South Carolina Jockey Club and featured the finest horse
racing in the South. After the fall of Atlanta in August 1864, the Confederates
began evacuating prison camps such as Andersonville and moved their prisoners
to safer locations, including South Carolina, to keep them out of the grasp of
the Union Army. The first prisoners arrived in Charleston in September of 1864.
The race course was an ideal location for a prison camp. The grounds were
enclosed by a seven foot tall fence. Some officers were held in the
Club House but the majority of the captured soldiers were kept in an outdoor camp. The already emaciated and sickly prisoners endured much suffering from these deplorable conditions during the last year of the war. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhttrpVJQf8prqQJW-bLsJl1Nq2-UtLhqN3cWmdYqpFmQc6g9DvRQDcGyEXu493pyWn-0WzOKG5xR5Vo0DIxHCHpdPvn05uGa7eQV3x73RrmdG5xfxxXkU4owzrkajGPu1FwlS4BupMqCL8/s1600/Club+House%252C+Charleston+Race+Course.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhttrpVJQf8prqQJW-bLsJl1Nq2-UtLhqN3cWmdYqpFmQc6g9DvRQDcGyEXu493pyWn-0WzOKG5xR5Vo0DIxHCHpdPvn05uGa7eQV3x73RrmdG5xfxxXkU4owzrkajGPu1FwlS4BupMqCL8/s320/Club+House%252C+Charleston+Race+Course.jpg" width="273" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Charleston Race Course Club House<br />
Library of Congress</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Eliza McGuffin Potter, wife of
Lorenzo Tucker Potter, a prominent Charleston business man who was a native of
Rhode Island, spent days and nights in the hospitals caring for soldiers with
her own hands and giving them words of comfort and cheer, despite being ordered
to stay away. She brought them food, water, clothing, bedding and did their laundry. Occasionally, Eliza managed to buy fruit from Nassau smuggled through the
Confederate blockade. She made a solemn promise to the soldiers that she would erect a fitting monument to their memory after the war was over so their sacrifices would not be forgotten.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy0jR8rRAxt0gPXWqQKXStknhbWh-6FzsU2M0YrKZhglieV9cKHXMIbritFWCcMPVnCbmXIo7KoAkVcuA-nBtJYIzBoKS9IwntSI1bcPV9-tHjonEZzKbRIen8jAfWuWSGGxvAz0r3PU_2/s1600/Eliza+Potter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy0jR8rRAxt0gPXWqQKXStknhbWh-6FzsU2M0YrKZhglieV9cKHXMIbritFWCcMPVnCbmXIo7KoAkVcuA-nBtJYIzBoKS9IwntSI1bcPV9-tHjonEZzKbRIen8jAfWuWSGGxvAz0r3PU_2/s1600/Eliza+Potter.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Eliza McGuffin Potter<br />
The Phrenological Journal, October 1868</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
When the Civil War broke
out, the Potters stood firmly with the Union. Suddenly, they were seen as
traitors and treated like outcasts by their former friends. Their seventeen year
old son died from a savage beating by classmates who wanted him to surrender a
Union flag. Despite harrowing personal sacrifices, the Potters remained in
Charleston throughout the war and devoted their time and means in a most heroic
manner, often risking their lives to serve the suffering. At the end of the
war, their means were greatly exhausted. Despite the care and attention the prisoners received, the death rate in the open field at the
Washington Race Course was frightful<i>.</i><i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "georgia" , "serif";"> </span></i>At least 257 Union soldiers died here, mostly from disease and exposure,
and were hastily buried in a mass grave without coffins.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
One of the soldiers was twenty-one year old Lieutenant Chilton A. Osborne, Company B, 14th Kentucky Infantry. He was born near Blaine, Lawrence County, Kentucky, the son of Walter Osborne, a former Kentucky State Representative and Sarah “Sallie” Edwards. Chilton had no sympathy for Confederates who had robbed his parents of a considerable amount of property which caused financial ruin for the family. To make matters worse, Chilton Osborne was captured in 1863 and spent several months in Richmond. After his release he made it perfectly clear that he did not care for Jeff Davis’ brand of hospitality. </div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdnACDeTujAriH9ZwEmpXzU2Ok4vRTjvYMy5uO68Lzwkn5d76ZvOdXyhhOY_i5o8PP-FsVPMZZRjQclqBXdfRFq9pCaxyLNttcwDbXDNOv58QRznma84R51VcE0-Z2QVCExwlUmRfKzJuw/s1600/COsborn2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdnACDeTujAriH9ZwEmpXzU2Ok4vRTjvYMy5uO68Lzwkn5d76ZvOdXyhhOY_i5o8PP-FsVPMZZRjQclqBXdfRFq9pCaxyLNttcwDbXDNOv58QRznma84R51VcE0-Z2QVCExwlUmRfKzJuw/s320/COsborn2.jpg" width="255" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lieutenant Chilton Osborne<br />
14th Kentucky Infantry (US)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
On June 22, 1864, Lieutenant Osborne, as the senior officer of his company, bravely led his men into battle at Kolb’s Farm, Georgia, against forces under General John Bell Hood. He was wounded, became separated from his men and was generally believed dead by his comrades. However, when a Confederate deserter from the 36th Georgia came into the lines of the 14th KY Infantry a month later, there was a sudden spark of hope that Osborne was still alive. The deserter reported that he had seen an officer during the Battle at Kolb’s Farm who matched Chilton Osborne’s description, “taken off and saw him in camp sitting up after he was taken in. He says the Ball struck him on the arm and ... hitting his side without breaking any Ribs or going inside but stunned him He says they sent him South to a hospital.” Upon hearing the news, “there was general rejoicing amongst the men and Officers of the regiment.” One of the officers noted, “God grant our hopes are true and Chilton alive.”</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
It is very likely that Lieutenant Osborne
arrived at the Washington Race Course prison sometime in September 1864 with
other prisoners from Andersonville. Unlike many others, he did not succumb to disease
but died from a head wound on November 30, 1864. It is not known how long he
may have suffered from his wounds or what the exact circumstances of his death were.
He may have been the victim at the hands of a brutal prison guard or perhaps was
injured by Union artillery bombarding the city. One can only hope that he was
attended to by Eliza Potter who had extended so much kindness to Osborne's fellow prisoners and that his last moments were not spent alone. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
When the Civil War finally came to a close in 1865, Charleston lay
in ruins. Years of shelling had destroyed many buildings, and the once proud
city was beyond recognition. In anticipation of the arrival of Sherman’s army, the Confederates evacuated the city. On
February 18, 1865, the mayor surrendered to Union forces. By the end of the
month, few residents remained, with the exception of thousands of former slaves who were slowly beginning to pick up the pieces of their lives.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimD25P5yHREdqwZuYlC1_zYzGlypD7dzY6j5VzKNh3IS6vVaRjDjz2ZychEHQ5Z7flWIHxJfQSP-amweSS0EJxJcAjCjXCmQeGERW9vB3ASr6Iv2q-4QMV-8MOgxz_iIs0q-fZaRnKHnnQ/s1600/Circular+Church+and+Secession+Hall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimD25P5yHREdqwZuYlC1_zYzGlypD7dzY6j5VzKNh3IS6vVaRjDjz2ZychEHQ5Z7flWIHxJfQSP-amweSS0EJxJcAjCjXCmQeGERW9vB3ASr6Iv2q-4QMV-8MOgxz_iIs0q-fZaRnKHnnQ/s320/Circular+Church+and+Secession+Hall.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ruins of the Circular Church and Secession Hall<br />
Charleston, South Carolina<br />
Library of Congress</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
During the month of April, 1865, a group of 24
newly freed slaves, calling themselves “Friends of the Martyrs”, resolved to attend
to the Union prisoners of war who had perished at the Washington Race Course in
order to provide them with a decent burial. They were aided by members of the “Patriotic
Association of Colored Men”, formed for the purpose of assisting in the
distribution of freedman supplies in Charleston. Over the course of two weeks, the ground for a
cemetery was laid out behind the grandstand which stood on the north side of
the race course. The bodies were taken up and re-interred in individual graves
which were then marked by wooden head-boards. Finally, the men constructed a
”fine substantial” wooden fence around this new cemetery, which was white
washed. A sign over the arched entry bore the words “The Martyrs of the Race
Course.” As work on the cemetery neared completion, members of the “Patriotic
Association of Colored Men” formed a committee to plan an event to honor these
Union martyrs. The date for the
observance was set for May 1, 1865.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL4kxQTQLUZmMzYdb-1XbScVu_bEFOn0cjQx0qXK8j7_RQro_wLcnitLjiHB15RjJeUHDgYkTw-e1lCBLeuZaxjnOf3cs93QWI6rvV8aeGDKs1m7Q55P8wNoEY0OyglOspH656jguYW5SK/s1600/Washington+Racecourse+graves%252C+ammen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL4kxQTQLUZmMzYdb-1XbScVu_bEFOn0cjQx0qXK8j7_RQro_wLcnitLjiHB15RjJeUHDgYkTw-e1lCBLeuZaxjnOf3cs93QWI6rvV8aeGDKs1m7Q55P8wNoEY0OyglOspH656jguYW5SK/s320/Washington+Racecourse+graves%252C+ammen.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1865 view of the Union soldiers graves at Washington Race Course<br />
Library of Congress</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
On the assigned date, nearly 10,000 people
gathered at the Race Course to attend the ceremonies. The crowd consisted
mainly of African-Americans – freed slaves, children, Union soldiers – who had
made their way to the cemetery to pay their last respects to the Martyrs of the
Race Course. According to an article in the May 2, 1865 edition
of the Charleston Daily Courier,
“The exercises on the ground commenced with reading a Psalm, singing a hymn,
followed by a prayer. The procession
was formed shortly after nine o’clock, and made a beautiful appearance, nearly
every one present bearing a handsome bouquet of flowers. The colored
children, about twenty-eight hundred in number marched first over the burial
ground, strewing the graves with their flowers as they passed, as did the
others in the procession. While standing at the graves, the school children
sung, "The Star Spangled Banner," "America" and "Rally
Round the Flag," and while marching, "John Brown's Body,"
&c. At the close of the procession the graves had the appearance of a mass
of roses which was some two or three feet high. The
children were followed by one hundred members of the “Patriotic Association of Colored Men” and
two hundred of the “Mutual Aid Society.” Next were contingents
of Union infantry and the
citizens generally, black and white, including several hundred black
women with baskets of flowers, wreaths and crosses.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
After the procession, the crowd assembled within the enclosure of the cemetery. The children then joined in singing a number of national and patriotic airs, after which the speaking was commenced. More than 30 speakers addressed the attendees, including Colonel William Gurney (27th NY Infantry), post commander of Charleston, General Alfred S. Hartwell, Colonel James Chaplin Beecher (35th USCT), half-brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe, as well as James Redpath, who had been previously appointed Charleston’s General Superintendent of Education by federal military authorities. Other speakers were Rev. Mr. Lowe and a number of African-American community leaders such as Samuel Dickerson, D. R. Duncan, Vanderhorst, Magrath and Peter Miller.</div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7-1damt63bGJ7psycgIpYZ5b6l4DQ5k2fAhZpBGlR1QdK-YEisPXofDPn3zVylZc0-w8wuhSmA0Vv5ky8I77Yud5FILHZ7OEwBWU1F8rpPmOvz5mvPPxGmxoWrolIAjbQSlxmgEqkyLS1/s1600/James+C+Beecher%252C+LOC%252C+cropped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7-1damt63bGJ7psycgIpYZ5b6l4DQ5k2fAhZpBGlR1QdK-YEisPXofDPn3zVylZc0-w8wuhSmA0Vv5ky8I77Yud5FILHZ7OEwBWU1F8rpPmOvz5mvPPxGmxoWrolIAjbQSlxmgEqkyLS1/s1600/James+C+Beecher%252C+LOC%252C+cropped.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Colonel James Chapin Beecher, 35th USCT<br />
Library of Congress</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUSPOSBT3z6ehJpOWZ_kQ4p63Rap9lFTXEdo1DtdhViUthTHSAr-IXn-tUajTHEtS7dlRjmBUnCdUKSfkSZDuwQA483OW1qJuZxVtZSy5qT90_JT6WurlCIG7yafFicFV-Am9XEvr-zLBs/s1600/James+Redpath%252C+LOC.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUSPOSBT3z6ehJpOWZ_kQ4p63Rap9lFTXEdo1DtdhViUthTHSAr-IXn-tUajTHEtS7dlRjmBUnCdUKSfkSZDuwQA483OW1qJuZxVtZSy5qT90_JT6WurlCIG7yafFicFV-Am9XEvr-zLBs/s200/James+Redpath%252C+LOC.jpg" width="163" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">James Redpath<br />
Library of Congress</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
During
the exercises, General Hartwell conducted a review of his brigade, consisting
of the 54<sup>th</sup> Massachusetts and the 35<sup>th</sup> & 104<sup>th</sup>
USCT. The soldiers marched four abreast around the
graves and afterwards went through all the evolutions of the manual. Outside
and behind the race course a picnic party was present with refreshments. At
dusk, the crowds eventually dispersed, and returned to their homes.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl4HPHOd36BlUisbVTDgxap7ZopY6QnSREKHiC4dHbj8WBBq4q73wikxrqCkwpyTdtjnFO7DjWFekrOrAGoIy1VIJ4kLOKhUoOEa1eQjjRy32xOLiGG45cJwQN85tfcVXNZgso4fLWXXiL/s1600/Officers+of+the+54th+Massachusetts.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl4HPHOd36BlUisbVTDgxap7ZopY6QnSREKHiC4dHbj8WBBq4q73wikxrqCkwpyTdtjnFO7DjWFekrOrAGoIy1VIJ4kLOKhUoOEa1eQjjRy32xOLiGG45cJwQN85tfcVXNZgso4fLWXXiL/s320/Officers+of+the+54th+Massachusetts.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Officers of the 54th Massachusetts<br />
Library of Congress</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
It
is sad to note that about one thousand white school children from Charleston elected
not to attend the ceremonies at the race course. Instead, accompanied by their
teachers, the children “joyously celebrated” the day by embarking at an early
hour on board the steamer Gen. Hooker and paying a visit to Fort Sumter and
other fortifications in the harbor.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Several
years later, the Martyrs of the Race Course were exhumed again for proper
military burial in South Carolina’s National Cemeteries at Beaufort and Florence.
In 1870, Mrs. Potter fulfilled her promise to the soldiers and erected an
obelisk at Beaufort National Cemetery in their memory. It reads, 'IMMORTALITY
TO HUNDREDS OF THE DEFENDERS OF AMERICAN LIBERTY AGAINST THE GREAT REBELLION.'
She also placed a marble tablet on a brick base, known as the Potter Monument, in section 64 of Beaufort National Cemetery
on which are inscribed the names of 175 soldiers from nearly every state in the
Union. Lieutenant Chilton A. Osborne’s name is erroneously noted as L. A.
Osborne from NY. The individual burial
sites of the soldiers are not identified by other than unknown markers.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The
story of the first Memorial Day service was almost forgotten until Yale
University historian David W. Blight published his research in <span style="color: #38761d;">Race and
Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory</span>. The story of the Potters, who did so
much to alleviate the suffering of the prisoners in the hospitals of Charleston
during the Civil War, deserves to be recognized as well. The respect,
selflessness and kindness shown to the prisoners of Charleston by these men,
women and children should never be taken for granted. Their story deserves a permanent
place in our collective memory.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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<o:p style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2px; text-align: left;"><em style="line-height: 18px;">Article compiled, researched and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, May 2016. I</em></o:p><em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">mages are the author's property, unless noted otherwise. </em><em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">Unauthorized use and/or duplication, including images, without express written notice by the author is strictly prohibited. </em><br />
<em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, "Trebuchet MS", lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;">© 2016. All Rights Reserved.</em></div>
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<b><span style="color: #38761d;">Further sources of interest</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.postandcourier.com/assets/pdf/CP11137523.pdf" target="_blank">The Charleston Daily Courier, May 2, 1865</a></div>
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Article about the Martyrs of the Race Course</div>
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<a href="https://archive.org/stream/grandarmyofrepub01worc#page/64/mode/2up" target="_blank">Grand Army of the Republic Almanac, October 1868</a></div>
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Noble Women of the War - The Story of Eliza Potter</div>
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<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZzA_MXFxK1U&list=PLY7mRNUcQyMQXxWOM3RgVlW4ZTTAsbKCm&index=3" target="_blank">Remembering the Civil War Fallen at Beaufort National Cemetery</a></div>
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<a href="http://www.cem.va.gov/cem/legacy/docs/elizapottersstory.pdf" target="_blank"> Complete text of the National Register nomination form for Beaufort National Cemetery</a> </div>
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(includes a complete listing of
the 175 soldiers’ names inscribed on the Potter marble tablet)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-58633768001392323432015-06-01T14:42:00.000-04:002015-06-01T14:58:36.547-04:00Cannons or Veterans? The Tragic Story of Joseph K. Dixon<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Joseph K. Dixon, 14th Kentucky Infantry (US)</b></td></tr>
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Today's post is a first for this blog...I'm making it available to a dear friend, Val McKenzie, who has been on a most noble, yet disheartening, quest to right a wrong that has been committed several years ago in Paintsville, Kentucky. It involves the burial site of Joseph K. Dixon, a veteran of the 14th Kentucky Infantry (US).<br />
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Before posting Val's article, I would like to add some details about his military service as well as his family in hopes of locating a direct descendant of Joseph K. Dixon. Last week was Memorial Day...the day when we remember our veterans and the sacrifices they have made. It pains me to know that the officials in Johnson County seem to have so little regard and respect for a veteran like Joseph K. Dixon who has done so much, not only for this country, but also for Johnson County.<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Joseph K. Dixon was born July 2, 1845, the son of Andrew Dixon and Abigail Kelly. In 1860, he was living with his parents in Johnson County, Kentucky. A month after his 18th birthday, Joseph K. Dixon went to Salyersville, Kentucky and was enlisted in Co. F, 14th Kentucky Infantry, by Captain Gardner, on Aug. 1, 1863. He was mustered in as a private on Aug. 30, 1863. He was 6' tall, had blue eyes, light hair and a fair complexion. He was promoted to Corporal on July 20, 1864, by order of Col. George W. Gallup. When the original veterans of the 14th Kentucky Infantry were mustered out on Jan. 31, 1865, he was transferred to the 14th Kentucky Infantry Battalion and served as Sergeant in Co. D. He was mustered out on Sept. 15, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky. Joseph K. Dixon was an examplary soldier who never missed a day of service while in the 14th Kentucky Infantry. On Aug. 26, 1868, he married Jemima Price, daughter of George Washington Price and Sarah "Sallie" Borders.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>Children of Joseph and Jemima Dixon</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Carl Dixon - died at Frankfort</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Fannie Dixon</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Victoria Dixon - married Ben A. Preston</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Lena Dixon - married a Maxey</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Edna Irl Dixon - married Preston Mandalin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Hazel Dixon - married Jillson H. Botts</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Gladys Dixon - married F. E. Thompson, Feb 10,1927</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Kirker Dixon - lived in Indiana</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Ike Dixon - married ? and lived in Indiana</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Evert Dixon</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Mr. and Mrs Dixon lived for a long time at Paintsville, where Mr. Dixon held many public offices, including that of judge of Johnson County. During his tenure, a court house was built, and Dixon was instrumental in building it over the protest of the public, who claimed it was too large and magnificent for the needs of the county. Mr. Dixon was </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">right, however, as the building became too small to acccommodate handling the official affairs of the county. Mr Dixon served as an officer in the Spanish-American War, assistant arsenal keeper in Frankfort as well as Adjutant General of Kentucky. He was also very involved with the G.A.R. </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mr. and Mrs. Dixon spent the last few years of their lives at Louisville, Kentucky, where Joseph K. Dixon died on November 3, 1923. He was buried in the Old Town Cemetery in Paintsville....and here is were the tragedy begins...</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">Please click on article to enlarge!</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">Please click on article to enlarge!</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">Please click on article to enlarge!</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">Please click on article to enlarge!</b></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Further Reading</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><i>Alleged Improper Burials in Old Town Cemetery</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Paintsville Herald, July 13, 2012</span><br />
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Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-67828238208893102242015-05-31T14:53:00.000-04:002015-05-31T14:56:55.486-04:00The Life and Times of Moses CawoodFor the Moses Cawood family of Owsley County, Kentucky, the Civil War was, like for so many others, a time of struggles, hardships and tragedy. During the summer of 1864, Moses Cawood met an untimely death. Up to this day, many rumors surround his demise as well as other incidents involving the Cawood family.<br />
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Moses Cawood was the son of John Cawood and Nancy Bailey Turner, who had moved from Virginia to the Martins Fork area of Harlan County, Kentucky, by 1815. Moses was born in 1820, the second-oldest child of nine, and spent his youth and young adulthood in Harlan County. In 1840, although still single, Moses had established his own household but soon thereafter married Emily Ann Maddy, dau. of William Maddy and Elizabeth Posey. Over the next ten years, five children were born to the couple, namely Nancy, also called "Nannie" (b. 1840), Drucilla (b. abt. 1843), John (b. abt. 1844), William T. (b. 1845) and Cornelia (b. July 1849). In order to support his growing family, Moses became a merchant and operated a successful store in Harlan County. He was also commissioned as sheriff in 1844, a position he held for several years.<br />
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Sometime after 1850, his father died which may have prompted Moses to pull up stakes in Harlan County. He closed his store and move to Owsley County, Kentucky, leaving his mother and siblings behind. Moses bought a large plantation three miles north of Boonville, at the mouth of Cow Creek, on the South Fork of the Kentucky River. Industrious as ever, Moses bid on and obtained two mail contracts in 1858: Route No. 9588 - from Harlan C. H. to Brashearsville and back, every two weeks, as well as Route No. 9599 - from Manchester to Harlan C. H. and back, once a week.<br />
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By 1860, four more children had been added to the Cawood family - Henry B. (b. 1852), Jane M. (b. 1854), Emily E. (b. 1858) and Belle E. (b. abt. 1860). At this time, Moses Cawood's real estate was valued at $10,000 and his personal property at $17,000, which included 11 slaves. By any standards, he was one of the wealthiest men in Owsley County. His next door neighbor was William B. Eversole, a member of the Eversole family from Perry County, Kentucky.<br />
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When the Civil War erupted in 1861, Moses Cawood's sympathies were with the Confederate cause and although he never officially joined either side, there seems to be little doubt about his loyalty to the South. According to Union Captain Bill Strong, Moses was "a notorious rebel." His large plantation made Moses a natural target for Unionists. A man named Captain Henry Davis and his companion, Lieutenant Jim Cole, payed Moses Cawood's plantation a visit on more than one occasion, taking supplies and horses, presumably for use by the Union Army. Reportedly, Davis had bragged that he was going to kill Moses, a threat that needed to be taken seriously, given Davis' past history. He was a known killer who, on March 10, 1859, stabbed a wealthy farmer named Lewellen Bush to death. The incident took place at Compton, present-day Wolfe County, Kentucky, during the election to decide on the county seat for the newly formed county. The motive of the killing remained unknown and Davis escaped without ever being convicted of the crime. Upon closer examination, no military service records have been discovered for either Davis or Cole but in all likelihood both men were leaders of a local pro-Union home guard company.<br />
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Despite his Southern leanings, Moses Cawood managed to keep friendly relations with 2. Lieutenant Wiley Amis of the 14th Kentucky Cavalry (US). Amis kept Moses informed by letter in regard to Union military operations in the neighborhood, which, undoubtedly, offered at least a certain degree of protection to Moses and other Confederates who were living in the area. Amis' letters were delivered to Cawood by the wife of neighbor William B. Eversole, who by now, was a Union captain in the 14th KY Cavalry.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Lieutenant Wiley Amis, 14th Kentucky Cavalry (US)</b></td></tr>
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However, between March 8 and 12, 1863, Amis' indiscretion was exposed. When Major John C. Eversole, Captain William B. Eversole's uncle, discovered one of the letters and realized who it was directed to, he broke it open and read it. In the letter Amis informed Cawood that the Union men under command of Major Smith and Major Eversole, of the 14th Kentucky Cavalry, "were fixing up a scout to come to this country; that they were shoeing their horses." He also advised Cawood, "to look out, that they, the Union forces, would be on in a few days." It is not a matter of record how Major Eversole responded to Amis' letter and if Amis was ever reprimanded for "helping out" his Confederate neighbor. Cawood was not the only recipient of letters by Amis who also kept up a regular correspondence with Red Ned Strong, a lieutenant in the rebel army.<br />
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In March of 1863, the 64th Virginia Infantry, under command of Col. Campbell Bascom Slemp, had driven the enemy from the area and encamped at Harlan Court House, described by Edward O. Guarrant as "a little, old, people forsaken village with half dozen houses just at the junction of Clover & Martins Forks of Cumberland River." They were later joined by troops under General Humphrey Marshall on April 17, 1863. Records show that two of Moses Cawood's brothers, John and Stephen, supplied the troops with corn. More importantly, it may have been here in Harlan County, perhaps while on a visit with her relatives, that Moses Cawood's daughter Nannie met Colonel Slemp. If so, fate would have it that their paths would cross again very soon.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoZFJZw9uGYRCxT8q9vdnsK7OeX2fT7sbv8HAGOYszsy53msiYMCbCGw7dOjr48ceN0rrTRo5ZS_-oPBgwZNUeI4bpSfwOIck_fLyE7_8rEGiX2ExjKrzuL1NUuc_MxPRa60L1IGW3QcNB/s1600/John+Cawood%252C+Confederate+Citizens+file%252C+Page+3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoZFJZw9uGYRCxT8q9vdnsK7OeX2fT7sbv8HAGOYszsy53msiYMCbCGw7dOjr48ceN0rrTRo5ZS_-oPBgwZNUeI4bpSfwOIck_fLyE7_8rEGiX2ExjKrzuL1NUuc_MxPRa60L1IGW3QcNB/s400/John+Cawood%252C+Confederate+Citizens+file%252C+Page+3.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Receipt for 93 bushels of corn sold by John Cawood <br />to the Confederate Army, April 19, 1863</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8lTYxUesXZaqmpKzP7ZDIrdrJeDhjT7OjiNCU7mccbQv7i_bwg3etNWhLTx_cWPg8AoFtVA8N_P59ud9OUYgmzhnXlzHEP7QW8hlcfJ7qodJkMySVLti26Hc6DayWMdoJ2XrGckzJefw/s1600/Stephen+Kaywood%252C+Confederate+Citizens+File%252C+Page+3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8lTYxUesXZaqmpKzP7ZDIrdrJeDhjT7OjiNCU7mccbQv7i_bwg3etNWhLTx_cWPg8AoFtVA8N_P59ud9OUYgmzhnXlzHEP7QW8hlcfJ7qodJkMySVLti26Hc6DayWMdoJ2XrGckzJefw/s400/Stephen+Kaywood%252C+Confederate+Citizens+File%252C+Page+3.JPG" width="317" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Receipt for seven bushels of corn sold by Stephen Kaywood<br />to the Confederate Army, May 4, 1863</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
About July 1863, the Cawood plantation was once again visited by Captain Henry Davis and Lieutenant Cole. Forewarned by Moses' son William who had encountered the men on the road to Booneville, the Cawoods were able to secure the house and were prepared for a fight. Soon, Davis and Cole rode up to their dwelling and kept knocking on the front door. Emily Cawood finally opened the door and allowed them to enter. After some small talk, it appeared that Davis and Cole were on a friendly visit. Letting his guard down, Moses Cawood came down the stairs from where he was hiding, thinking that everything was alright but he was soon to discover his mistake. Davis and Cole informed him that they were taking him back to Booneville. Moses was led from the house and placed on a horse. While in the process of leaving, a shot rang out from a window killing Davis instantly, whereby Lt. Cole left in a hurry.<br />
<br />
Moses and his two sons William and John were tried and acquitted in Magistrates Court. Lieutenant Cole testified at the trial that he never saw the shooter and only knew that a single shot rang out from a window killing Capt. Davis. There has been much speculation as to who the shooter was, some believe it was John who was very sick and bed ridden at the time, some suspected Moses' wife Emily, some thought it may have been Wall, one of the Cawood slaves. The general concensus, however, was that it was Moses' daughter Nannie, who was known to be able to handle a gun like an expert. At any rate, Nannie never denied the deed although she never admitted to it, either.<br />
<br />
Perhaps triggered by the recent events, Moses' son John went to Virginia in August 1863 and joined the Confederate army. He soon had a commission in his pocket as a 2nd Lieutenant in Co. K, 13th KY Cavalry.<br />
<br />
Within weeks after the Davis killing, a young confederate courier by the name of George Brittain Lyttle appeared on the Cawood plantation. While on his way to Breathitt County to deliver a dispatch to John Hargis, a leading businessman and avid Southern sympathizer, he encountered a detachment of the 14th Kentucky Cavalry near Booneville. Lyttle managed to escape on foot after his horse was shot from under him. He was most heartily welcomed by the Cawood family.<br />
<br />
Nannie Cawood immediately realized that this was her chance to leave Owsley County and put the whole sordid Davis affair behind her. Perhaps tired of hearing gossip and malicious stories about her, or fearing having to face indictment for Davis's death or vengeance at the hands of Davis' relatives or Union sympathizers, Nannie decided to join Lyttle on his way back to Cumberland Gap. Ellen Jett, John Cawood's fiancee, accompanied Nancy on her trip in order to be reunited with John. <br />
<br />
Under cover of darkness, with his two female charges in tow, Lyttle rode off in direction of Cumberland Gap. By daybreak the small party arrived at the house of Colonel Daniel Garrard, near Manchester in Clay County, Kentucky. His son was Union Brigadier General Theophilus T. Garrard, but Daniel was a staunch Confederate and well-known to Union authorities. Noted Major W. D. Hamilton in a letter to Brigadier General Willcox just three months earlier, "his house is the regular information depot for the rebel army in this county. The old gentleman is 80 years old; has one son a Brigadier General in our army, and another State Treasurer of Kentucky."<br />
<br />
After resting for one day, the little group started again by nightfall and crossed into the Confederate lines the following morning. Here they were welcomed by General John W. Frazer, post commander at Cumberland Gap. After a short rest, Nannie Cawood and Ellen Jett continued their voyage up Powell Valley to the home of Gen. Chadwell Brittain who lived in Lee County, Virginia and was a relative of Nannie Cawood.<br />
<br />
Only a short while later, after being surrounded by a brigade of Union troops under Col. John F. DeCourcy, General John W. Frazer surrendered his troops at Cumberland Gap, on Sep. 9, 1863. Roughly 600 men, led by Colonel Slemp, avoided capture by the Federals and secretly moved out of the Gap, going eastward. They made their way along the north side of the mountain, on the Kentucky side, until they reached a point opposite Jonesville, Lee County, Virginia, where they encountered a pursuing force of Federal cavalry. After a spirited skirmish, the Federal cavalry returned to Cumberland Gap. Somewhere along the escape route, quite possibly in Lee County, Nannie Cawood joined Colonel Slemp and continued with the Confederates on their retreat. They stopped by the plantation of a Mrs. Gose in Russell County, Virginia, to ask directions while still on the run.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBdWCx8YOUJQLszJiDw9o76UCs-A4mfFhkpDau_uZ4UJoap7lZz2MY6nFkXDVYdbsCLFXqrPjwaezCs5W3GLNZB14ZWSsCpVPxw_qWigRwE_k8zsX2QNJdmOscS92UMfb0lue9at2WSppQ/s1600/Campbell+Bascom+Slemp+Edited.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBdWCx8YOUJQLszJiDw9o76UCs-A4mfFhkpDau_uZ4UJoap7lZz2MY6nFkXDVYdbsCLFXqrPjwaezCs5W3GLNZB14ZWSsCpVPxw_qWigRwE_k8zsX2QNJdmOscS92UMfb0lue9at2WSppQ/s400/Campbell+Bascom+Slemp+Edited.jpg" width="351" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Colonel Bascom Slemp, 64th Virginia Infantry (CS)</b><br />
Photograph courtesy Sherry Baker Frazier</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The couple was married less than a year later, on June 8, 1864, at the home of Capt. Jocelyn in Jonesville, Virginia. Back in Kentucky, John Hunt Morgan was conducting a raid in the state which culminated in the Battle of Cynthiana on June 11 and 12, 1864 and ended in a Union victory. Many Confederates were killed and captured, while the remaining troops escaped and were making their way back to Southwest Virginia through the Eastern Kentucky mountains. Giltner's men struck the South Fork of the Kentucky River near Proctor and followed the stream deep into the mountains. On June 16, 1864, William Clark, Provost Marshall of Owsley Co., while recruiting Blacks for military service on Red Bird in Clay County, was captured by part of Giltner's men. Clark who was the father of Colonel Andrew H. Clark, 47th Kentucky Infantry [US], was held prisoner for a time and then shot and killed.<br />
<br />
On June 21, 1864, when news of his father's death reached Colonel Andrew Clark at Camp Nelson, he immediately sent a dispatch to Lexington to Captain H. Bates Dickson, Assistant Adjutant General.<br />
<br />
<i>The rebels captured my father on the 16th instant, who was provost-marshal of Owsley County, Ky. After keeping him a prisoner for some time they murdered him in the most brutal manner. Will you allow me to take my regiment and go to the mountains to avenge the blood of my father?</i><br />
<i>A. H. Clark,</i><br />
<i>Colonel Forty-seventh Kentucky Volunteers, Cmdg. Post.</i><br />
<br />
Clark's commanding officer, General S. G. Burbridge would not return until the following day to make a decision in regard to Clark's request, however, Captain Dickson, replied, "If you desire to go at once to visit your mother come here and I will arrange it for you."<br />
<br />
It is unclear whether Burbridge gave Clark permission to take his regiment into the mountains or not. According to eyewitnesses, Clark arrived in Owsley County with only roughly one hundred soldiers. Regardless of the number, within three weeks Moses Cawood was dead. Former Union soldier James W. Sebastian noted in a letter to Major Elisha B. Treadway, Three Forks Battalion, dated July 14, 1864, that the ”most alarming occurrence was the sudden appearance of Col. Clark with a Company of men for the purpose, as all thought of wreaking vengeance on somebody for the murder of his father. And Keywood was killed."<br />
<br />
According to family legend, Moses Cawood was escorted across the river from his home at Fish Trap, tied to tree and shot by firing squad. He died in the arms of his wife. Others believe that he was hung. For years, locals would point out the tree where Moses Cawood met his demise. Reportedly, Colonel Clark carried with him a list of ten prominent men who he wanted executed in retribution for his father's murder. Clark's actions were very much in line with the now infamous General Order No. 59 that General S. G. Burbridge would be issuing on July 16, 1864, giving military authorities the power to arrest, or publicly execute, guerrillas for atrocities perpetrated upon Union men. His order signified a shift by Union authorities to a more hard line policy, only topped by General Order No. 8, issued by Burbridge on October 26, 1864, which in essence, raised the black flag on guerrillas. Officers were not permitted to give quarters to any suspected guerrilla, but were expected to kill them without the benefit of a fair trial, under threat of court martial.<br />
<br />
In the case of Moses Cawood, who was a rebel sympathizer but by no means a guerrilla, Clark stretched his authority paper thin, yet undoubtedly felt justified in his actions. According to Sebastian, "Besides putting old Mose out of the way, Clark did one thing worthy of note, which I believe gave general satisfaction to all loyal and brave men by securing and carving away the notorious old thief harbored, Zack Wells."<br />
<br />
One year later, tragedy would strike the Cawood family again, after Nannie's brother Lieutenant John Cawood was discharged from the service at the end of the war. On June 6, 1865, while on his way home to the plantation, he was robbed and murdered by bushwackers.<br />
<br />
Fortunately, Moses' widow Emily Cawood's financial situation was stable enough that allowed her to continue living comfortably on the plantation which she maintained with the help of her sons William and Bascom Henry. Former slaves Nancy Cawood and her children remained with Emily, as did Enoch and Emily Cawood and their children who lived on the plantation in a separate household.<br />
<br />
As the years passed, life went on for the Cawood family and assumed a degree of normalcy again. Moses' and Emily's children married into many prominent and local families - the Hamptons, Roses, Crawfords, Jetts and Minters. Moses Cawood was gone but certainly has not been forgotten, even today -151 years later.<br />
<br />
<br />
<o:p style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;"><em style="line-height: 18px;">Article compiled, researched and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, May 2015. I</em></o:p><em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">mages are the author's property, unless noted otherwise. </em><em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Unauthorized use and/or duplication, including images, without express written notice by the author is strictly prohibited. </em><br />
<em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">© 2015. All Rights Reserved.</em><br />
<em style="background-color: white; color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><br /></em>
<br />
<b>Further reading</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20040902102716/http://www.acetipton.net/incident.html">A Civil War Story</a>, by Winfred C. (Ace) Tipton, January 2004<br />
<br />
<a href="http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kyborn/article42.htm">Andrew H. Clark and the Civil War in Kentucky</a>, by James L. Clark<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-50340444219473383242015-05-24T10:05:00.003-04:002015-05-31T14:58:00.553-04:00Oil and Mining Companies in Eastern Kentucky in 1865<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeLYk-iCFu-vdduzrzhqUNub1REnmrinAj4nC_frIq7BOoH06yomRLtnj8H2wUAYiKXOCahPxfKxJK3IdHT__bbsS-wqXsYw7CtKpBmLbNIjSMpyHeMs0dqsEnlyylbdqaVWeEsOKZhexU/s1600/Russell+Fork%252C+July+12%252C+2014+007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeLYk-iCFu-vdduzrzhqUNub1REnmrinAj4nC_frIq7BOoH06yomRLtnj8H2wUAYiKXOCahPxfKxJK3IdHT__bbsS-wqXsYw7CtKpBmLbNIjSMpyHeMs0dqsEnlyylbdqaVWeEsOKZhexU/s400/Russell+Fork%252C+July+12%252C+2014+007.jpg" width="338" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Upper Big Sandy Valley</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
At the time of this writing (May 24, 2015), Eastern Kentucky is yet again experiencing a drilling boom, reminiscent of the swarms of speculators from the East who descended upon the area in 1865 and bought thousands of acres of land from the farmers, leased mineral rights, built derricks and began boring - all in search of precious oil. In this day and age, the speculators and their companies hail from the Gulf of Mexico, from states such as Louisiana and explore gas and oil. Our first oil boom was rather short-lived and had fizzled out by 1867. How long it will be around this time, and at what cost to our area and its people, remains to be seen.<br />
<br />
As described in a previous <a href="http://eakycivilwar.blogspot.com/2011/07/big-sandy-valley-oil-exploration-in.html">article</a>, the end of the Civil War marked the start of frenzied oil exploration in Eastern Kentucky. A great number of stock companies were formed to explore the natural resources of Eastern Kentucky, with a number of the leading local men jumping onto the band wagon. Between January and June 1865, no less than 49 oil, coal and minerals companies were chartered in Eastern Kentucky alone. The list does not include out-of-state companies who held mining interests in the Big Sandy Valley and other areas in Eastern Kentucky.<br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oil and Mining Companies in Eastern Kentucky 1865<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">(Names of officers and date of incorporation)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Beaver Creek
Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Edwin S.
Graham, H. C. Caruth, Pack Thomas, and Thomas Sheerer<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 24,
1865<u><o:p></o:p></u></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Big Blaine
Creek Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">John M. Rice,
Jake Rice, and John B. Hatcher<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">May 31, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Big Paint Creek
Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Martin Preston,
U. B. Evarts, Ross Forward, Roland Whitney, B. M. Anderson, J. T. Boyle, Collis
Ormsby, and E. D. Tyler<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">January 31,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Big Sandy and
Great Oil Spring Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Len. A. Harris,
A. G. McCook, Ben. Robinson, J. A. Fisher, J. F. Horr, C. Rule, and J. B.
Auxier<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 1, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Big Sandy Coal,
Oil and Mining Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Captain A. J.
Allen, Col. George W. Gallup, S. J. Henderson, D. M. Johnson, G. W. Dixon<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Bef. January
19, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Big Sandy Oil
and Mineral Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">George
Carpenter, F. Gray, W. L. Scott, J. Hearn, Thomas B. Vincent, R. H. Henry, J.
P. Vincent, A. H. Gray, and Orange Noble<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 2, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Big Sandy
Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Zephaniah Meek,
H. L. Swetnam, J. T. Boyle, Roland Whitney, U. B. Evarts, E. D. Tyler, Collis
Ormsby, B. M. Anderson, and J. S. Phelps<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">January 27,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Boston &
Big Sandy Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Incorporated in
Massachusetts. Office in Boston 1865. Property in West Virginia and Kentucky. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Buffalo Mining
Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">George T.
Steadman, A. C. Vandyke<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Principal
office in Greenup Co. KY<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 1, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Carter Coal,
Iron, and Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">William Wurts,
Green H. McAtee, Marinus King<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 4, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Crystal Mining
and Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">E. L. Chandler
and Robert A. Bradshaw<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 4, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Cliff Springs
Mining Company of Kentucky<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Wm Reson,
Michael West, Thomas Sherlock, George H. Hill, Hamilton Lyon, Henry E. Harper,
Thomas S. Brown, R. R. Whitman, David Harper Jr., R. R. Pullam, A. M. Searls,
Henry H. Seems, Ref. Butler, Jacob Resart, Matthew H. Coats.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 4,
1865 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Eastern
Kentucky Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">B. B. Groom,
John M. Riffe, Hugh L. Ray, Allen N. Bush, J. N. B. Hardwick, James Flanigan,
Green B. Farney, all of Clarke County<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 22,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Eastern
Kentucky Oil and Mineral Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">H. C. Lilly, R.
B. Jamison, A. D. Powell, Isaac N. Cardwell,
J. H. Gardner, Joseph Blackwell, Robert Riddell, jr., H. C. Dickerson, Thomas
H. Barnes, Jas. K. Barnes, of Estill County, Kentucky<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">K. F. Hargis,
Jas. F. Blount, David Price, J. G. McGuire, of Owsley County, Kentucky<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Thos. P.
Cardwell, W. D. Cardwell, of Breathitt County, Kentucky <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Elijah Patrick
and Reuben Patrick, of Magoffin County, Kentucky<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 3, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Eastern
Kentucky Oil, Coal, Mining and Iron Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">E. H. Taylor, Jr.,
James J. Miller, W. A. Gaines, E. H. Watson, and S. F. J. Trabue.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 23,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Eastern
Kentucky Oil Creek Mining Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">F. Gray, R. W.
Emerson, R. H. Henry, J. P. Vincent, F. F. Farrar, Geo. Carpenter, John
Richards, A. T. Marsh, and W. L. Scott<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 2, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Eastern
Kentucky Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">John Mason
Brown, George W. Gallup, John Henderson, Harman Conley, Winsten Conley, and
Laban T. Moore<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">January 23,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Eastern
Kentucky Petroleum and Mineral Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">John P.
Winston, W. C. Culbertson, John E. Hamilton, John G. Carlisle<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 22,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Frankfort and
Big Sandy Oil, Coal, Mining, and Iron Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Jacob Swigert,
E. H.Taylor, jr., W. A. Gaines, James J. Miller, and R. P. Pepper<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 23,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Greenup and
Boyd Coal, Oil, Mining and Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Benjamin
Butterworth, A. M. White and Wm. Stewart<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">June 3, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Greenup Coal
and Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Labin J.
Bradford, George Wurts, W. T. Finch, J. Taylor Bradford, and B. C. Larew<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Chartered February 15, 1860<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Michael Ryan,
George Wurts<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Amended
February 27, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Greenup County
and Little Sandy Mining and Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Wm. P.
Anderson, A. G. Burt, Wm. Dodd, John Bogher, and James C. Moores<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 4, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Greenup County
Mining, Petroleum, and Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Geo. Wents,
Samuel G. Wents, Alfred Spaulding, E. F. Dulin, and Wm. C. Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">January 26,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Greenupsburg
and Cincinnati Petroleum and Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">John E. Winn,
William C. Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 1,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Amended
February 25, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Highland
Petroleum and Mining Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">E. G. Phelps,
T. M. Conditt, and Wm. Berry<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">May 31, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Kentucky &
West Virginia Oil & Coal Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Office in New
York 1866. Extinct. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Lawrence Coal,
Iron, and Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">George W.
Coons, James A. Johnson, William Wurts<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 4, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Lawrence Oil,
Coal, Mining and Iron Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">James J.
Miller, E. H. Taylor, Jr., and W. A. Gaines<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 23,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Lick Branch
Oil, Mining and Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Wm. Berry, E.
G. Phelps, and T. M. Conditt<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">May 31, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Little Sandy
Mining and Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Robt. W. Robb,
Rich. F. Robb. and W. C. Ireland<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 4, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Magoffin County
Oil, Coal, and Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">George
Sutherland, J. W. Harding, Parker Artis, Wm. Ecton, H. W. Calmes<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 3, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Morgan County
Coal, Oil, Salt, Lumber and Mineral Manufacturing Company <o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">George M.
Hampton, William C. Miller<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">June 3, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Morgan Oil and
Mining Company <o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">John Fox, John
W. Van Hook, William Fitch, J. F. Boyle, L. M. Flournoy<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 22,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Mountain
Petroleum and Transportation Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">M. E. Ingram,
H. D. McHenry, Wm. Millward, L. S. Trimble, Wm. McKee Fox, John Woods, J. T.
Boyle, L. M. Flournoy, A. H. Hoger, and John R. Thomas<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 24,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">North Kentucky
Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Lafayette
Devenny, William H. Clement, H. H. Huston, F. B. Rust, C. G Rogers, J. W.
Stevenson, and Harvey Myers<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">June 3, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Oil Creek Oil
Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">A. H. Gray, R.
W. Emerson, R. H. Henry, F. F. Furror, J. R. Vincent, Orange Noble, J. W.
Hammond, W. L. Cleaveland, and F. Gray<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 3, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Oil Spring Fork
Oil and Mineral Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">J. W. Hammon,
W. L. Cleaveland, John Richards, Geo. Carpenter, R. W. Emerson, J. P. Vincent,
F. Gray, R. H. Henry, and A. H. Gray<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 2, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Oil Spring,
Kentucky, Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Colonel Sidney
B. Jones, Wm. N. Thompson, and J. C. Beck, M. D.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 4, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Oil Spring and
Sand Lick Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Wm. Frazier,
Richard P. Rundle, Wm. Kidd<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">June 3, l865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Old Oil Spring
Mining and Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Sam. L.
Mitchell, Geo. C. Knight,and Geo. F. Chester<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">June 3, l865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Paint and
Barnett Creek Oil and Mining Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Frederick W.
Jones, William Kidd, and J. Mansfield Davis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">June 3, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Paint Lick Oil
and Mining Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">F. F. Farror,
R. H. Henry, J. P. Vincent,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Geo. Carpenter,
F. Gray, J. Hearn, Thomas B. Vincent, Orange Noble, and A. H. Gray<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 3, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Pike Mining and
Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">J. M.
Montmollin, E. D. Ashford, James G. Hatchitt, James Harlan, Jr.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 25,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Rush Creek
Mining and Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Robertson M.
Biggs, William Biggs, Sr., Andrew Biggs, F. K. O'Farrell, and Ed. F. Dulin<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 27,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Sandy Valley
Oil Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Charles G.
Shaw, George W. Shaw, George C. Glass, George F. Sadd, and Harvey Myers<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">May 26, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Sandy Valley
Petroleum Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Thomas Wallace,
Lloyd B. Dennis, Jake Rice, John B. Hatcher, and John M. Rice<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">January 26,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Star Oil, Coal
and Mining and Manufacturing Company of Carter County<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">W. T. Nicholls,
R. D. Callihan, Addison McCullough, William H. Lampton, L. D. Ross, R. W.
Lampton, W. L. Geiger, and James Kilgore<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 24,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Tug Fork Lead,
Iron, Salt and Oil Mining and Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Thomas
Wrightson, R. T. Baker, Jacob Hawthorn<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">February 27,
1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">West Liberty
Coal, Oil, Lumber, Mining and Manufacturing Company<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">George W.
Hampton, Wm. C. Miller<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">March 4, 1865<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Article researched and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, May 2015. I</em></o:p><em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">mages are the author's property, unless noted otherwise. </em><em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Unauthorized use and/or duplication, including images, without express written notice by the author is strictly prohibited. </em><br />
<em style="color: #555544; font-family: tahoma, 'Trebuchet MS', lucida, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">© 2015. All Rights Reserved.</em></div>
Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2441954322456791026.post-5889841629205939272014-02-03T14:04:00.000-05:002014-02-03T16:38:22.177-05:00The Cold Snap of 1864<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZnwTGomOjlj1vkVY6MP7BnCJSBcw5cZhmUyB5Te7hUD7HrJ1HF-9koeZZX18A0oatrMdxzf10Ycaf7_k-OmceRzGAPJskbbM-1pIZfDRXGVbohISykxcucf5m3GJkGrOr9-4WddKzNic4/s1600/Snow+Icicles%252C+2004%252C+IMG00078.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZnwTGomOjlj1vkVY6MP7BnCJSBcw5cZhmUyB5Te7hUD7HrJ1HF-9koeZZX18A0oatrMdxzf10Ycaf7_k-OmceRzGAPJskbbM-1pIZfDRXGVbohISykxcucf5m3GJkGrOr9-4WddKzNic4/s1600/Snow+Icicles%252C+2004%252C+IMG00078.JPG" height="272" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Winter in the mountains of Eastern Kentucky</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">As
temperatures have plummeted this winter to near-record lows, with much of the nation
in the grip of polar air masses that have brought snow as far as Florida and
Alabama, the question emerges - how unusual is this weather, really? Are there
any historic parallels? Look no further than the cold snap of 1864 which was very
similar to our current weather in many respects.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
Big Sandy River in Eastern Kentucky froze over in December of 1863 and remained so for nearly three
months, until late February 1864. Snow covered the ground and the temperatures hovered right at zero degrees
or lower. Things turned worse on New Years Eve 1863 and culminated on Friday, January
1, 1864, a day remembered by all who were old enough at that time, as the
"The Cold New Year."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
<i>Louisville Weekly Journal</i> reported on December 31, 1863, that the “weather
glasses in our city gave unfailing premonitions of the remarkable change in the
weather which accompanied the close of the old year and the opening of the new.
At noon on Thursday, the barometer indicated 29.62, when it commenced falling rapidly,
accompanied by a rain storm, and the wind a little north of west. At four in
the afternoon the temperature was forty-seven degrees above zero, when it commenced
steadily and rapidly falling.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">At
dusk, the rain changed into snow and the winds began blowing violently. Within
five hours, the temperatures dropped thirty-five degrees. At nine o’clock P.M.,
the thermometers registered twelve degrees above zero which dropped to one degree
above zero within ninety minutes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
severe cold weather arrived at Portsmouth, Ohio, several hours later. New Years
Eve was a dark drizzling day and it remained quite warm until 9 P.M. At this
time, it was still fifty-three degrees and raining. Things started to change
quickly at 9:30 P.M. when the wind started blowing hard from the Northeast. By 10:30
P.M., the thermometer showed twenty degrees and kept falling throughout the
night. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
weather deteriorated even further on New Years Day. At 7 o’clock A.M., it was eight
degrees above zero, at 2 P.M., four degrees above and at 9 P.M., one degree above.
It was reported that heavy winds were blowing all day. In comparison, it was clear
and cold at Cincinnati at 8 o’clock in the morning and the mercury stood at
seven degrees below zero<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">One
journalist noted, “The New Year was ushered in with a wind that blew almost a hurricane,
and reminded one of the stormy nights when witches are said in old nursery
legends to be abroad in their work of mischief. The cold was intense, penetrating
everywhere, freezing every thing, not guarded by artificial heat, that could be
frozen, and exceeding in degree the cold on any New Year's Day ever known by 'the oldest inhabitant'."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
severe cold weather extended throughout the West and Northwest. Two break men
on the Oil Creek railroad, in Western Pennsylvania, were frozen to death while
standing at their posts!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan and Northern Illinois and Indiana, the cold was still
more intense. At Milwaukee, on the 1st and 2nd, the thermometer ranged from
thirty to forty degrees below zero, and several persons were frozen to death.
At Galena, Ill., thermometer twenty-five to thirty-three below; at Madison,
Wis., thirty-four to thirty-nine below; at Dubuque, thirty below; at Oshkosh,
Wis., thirty-eight below; at Rockford, Ill., thirty below; Fort Wayne, Ind.,
twenty-eight below. Between Springfield and Virginia, a stage-driver was frozen
to death on his box. The Mississippi River was frozen over at St. Louis, which people crossed on the ice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Even
the Southern States were affected by the “General Freeze Up.” In Richmond,
Virginia, the papers reported that, “Matters and things in general concluded to
"wait" on Saturday morning, in view of the sudden descent of the
temperature below zero. The water froze up in railroad tanks and locomotive boilers,
water wheels refused to "circumnavigate", machine shops ceased their
clatter, old clocks stopped at "witching hours", hydrants negatived
the reservoirs, the town pumps were in demand, the boards of the floors creaked
and weather boarding snapped, frosty network frescoed every window pane, and
the universal "ugh" that escaped from every mouth went with icy
chilliness to the soul of sympathetic nature.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">At
Memphis, Tennessee, the thermometer was reported on New Year's Day at ten
degrees below zero. Even Georgia was not spared from the cold weather. The
<i>Atlanta Intelligencer</i> reported temperatures of twelve degrees at 10 P.M. on
January 1<sup>st</sup>, 1864, and eight degrees the following morning at 7 A.M.
“This is the coldest weather we have experienced within forty years, in this
country, with a single exception - the cold Saturday (in 1834), when the
Mercury fell below zero. It is with difficulty, therefore, that we can write.
Not only has our ink frozen, but with the best of fires that we can command, our
fingers become numb before a paragraph can be written.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
severe weather was especially hard on the soldiers. The newspapers reported
that, “at Fort Halleck, Columbus, on the Mississippi, above Memphis, on New
Year's eve, many of the negro soldiers were badly frozen; and at Island No. 10,
ten negroes were frozen to death, and more were expected to die. On the same
night, at the same place, eight men of the 52nd Indiana Infantry “were out on a
skiff, and being unable to make the shore, were cast on a sand-bar, where three
of the party were frozen to death before they could be rescued, two others died
the next day, and the others were not expected to live.” The soldiers at Camp
Indianapolis also suffered considerably on New Years Eve when a number had
their ears and feet frozen. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">According
to news from Louisville, three Union soldiers were frozen to death at
Camp Nelson, Kentucky, on the night of January 2, 1864. At Camp Yates,
Springfield, Illinois, several soldiers met the same fate, as well as two
soldiers at Camp Chase, Ohio.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Similar
hardships were also endured by soldiers who were stationed in Eastern Kentucky
where the temperatures dropped well below zero. According to local citizens,
the beginning days of January 1864 saw the coldest weather and most abrupt
change to be recorded in this section for many years. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On New Years Day, a
soldier from the 5<sup>th</sup> Independent Battalion OH Cavalry recorded the
following from winter quarters at Poplar Plains, “Turned awfully cold last
night, a strong wind began blowing from the northwest about nine o'clock and by
midnight everything was frozen up. We left our tents and hovered around blazing
fires. Our pickets were all brought in except the one that was sheltered
towards Poplar Plains. It is reported to-day that seven men of the 40th Kentucky
Infantry were found frozen on their posts east of here. Such intense cold I
never felt before.” Another member of the unit wrote, “The night of December
31, 1863, we passed through the cold that ushered in "the cold New
Years." The thermometer dropped to 25 degrees below zero, and with
difficulty the troops were saved from freezing ... Two soldiers on duty were
frozen to death at Mount Sterling below us, and all in all the experience was
one not soon to be forgotten.”</span><br />
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYT5lMGOfMN5M7GzRSyyHYHJGPBl_jcC3bxs5MSUqRwkGi9x27clZxyJpZIfoeVH4nQxVMUw0Xr73hKLoFnUaiCiIURDgD3po2fRGd22VCjOeQgq9a5xE4FWpU_ILZmbFm-gyWWKwL8qn8/s1600/Snowy+Road%252C+2010%252C+DSCN0195.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYT5lMGOfMN5M7GzRSyyHYHJGPBl_jcC3bxs5MSUqRwkGi9x27clZxyJpZIfoeVH4nQxVMUw0Xr73hKLoFnUaiCiIURDgD3po2fRGd22VCjOeQgq9a5xE4FWpU_ILZmbFm-gyWWKwL8qn8/s1600/Snowy+Road%252C+2010%252C+DSCN0195.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Snow covered road, Eastern Kentucky</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">On
New Years Day, the 45th Kentucky Mounted Infantry began to arrive at Mt.
Sterling from Paris. “Some of these men were badly frosted and had to lie by at
farmhouses,” noted an eye witness, “and it was several days before they all got
in, and as they were without tents they were quartered where ever shelter could
be found for them, till the cold had abated somewhat, and tents could be procured...”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
an effort to stay warm, the 14<sup>th</sup> Kentucky Infantry, one of the
regiments stationed at Louisa, KY, detailed one of the soldiers as coal digger in
the quartermaster department during the months of December 1863 and January
1864. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
cold weather continued unabated. A report from St. Louis noted that, “The
weather continues very cold here, the mercury ranging from 5 degrees below to
15 degrees above zero. About one foot of snow lies on the ground, and the
sleighing is splendid. Heavily laden wagons cross the river on ice, and there
are no indications of a speedy break-up. The weather has been intensely cold
throughout the State. Many persons and a large amount of stock have been frozen
to death.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On
January 8, 1864, Portsmouth recorded ten inches of snow and the thermometer had
not risen above twenty degrees. The Ohio River was full of floating ice and
finally closed up firmly on Jan. 13, 1864. It remained ice-bound which prevented
the steamboats from running thus limiting the delivery of supplies to citizens and
soldiers alike. The soldiers' families were impacted as well and those who had
not been able to put up enough food for the winter were in dire straits. In
order to alleviate some of the suffering, Catlettsburg merchant William H. Geiger
donated two steers and one beef to the poor soldiers' wives and families.</span><br />
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY4kt0888SWGcozLWLWe24wkavn6E8829twN4aNGPceocfNsi1T1CjiIHul4LaWXR5EqmIZcb-kO-mU0m-tNnfjMiEHwSVSkXavSH6CVnwJC1i4H3ziUKMsIb0P69a27xpuNy7iBZkzkxw/s1600/River+Ice2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY4kt0888SWGcozLWLWe24wkavn6E8829twN4aNGPceocfNsi1T1CjiIHul4LaWXR5EqmIZcb-kO-mU0m-tNnfjMiEHwSVSkXavSH6CVnwJC1i4H3ziUKMsIb0P69a27xpuNy7iBZkzkxw/s1600/River+Ice2.JPG" height="210" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The Ohio River at Greenup with floating ice, January 2014<br />Photograph courtesy of Nancy Wright Bays</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">As
the frozen Big Sandy River prevented steamboats from supplying the Union post
at Louisa with stores, the quartermaster department soon was running low on
provisions. Therefore, a detachment of the 39</span><sup style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">th</sup><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> KY Mounted Infantry was
ordered to proceed to Catlettsburg on January 9, 1864. An attack by the enemy was not expected since
the weather was extremely cold. However,
as the men were marching along the west bank of the Big Sandy River, they were
quietly followed on the other side of the river by a detachment of about 150
men of the 16th Virginia Cavalry, under the command of Colonel Milton J. Ferguson.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">By nightfall, the
39<sup>th</sup> Kentucky detachment had reached Turman's Ferry at the mouth of
Bear Creek, a prominent point on the Big Sandy River about 14 miles above
Catlettsburg. Just below, at the present-day site of the Cavanaugh M. E. Church,
stood an old log schoolhouse, which the men selected as their sleeping quarters.
Still completely unsuspecting of any danger, no pickets were posted, “and the
officers were asleep in the neighboring farm houses." </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The 16<sup>th</sup>
Virginia Cavalry, under the cover of night, crossed the Big Sandy River on the
ice and quietly approached the quarters of the unsuspecting Union soldiers. The
Confederates wasted no time and opened fire on the sleeping men. One of the
lieutenants was killed in the fight, nine men taken prisoners, including one
lieutenant, and the rest, “were driven out into the snow with weather at about
zero or lower." The 16<sup>th</sup> Virginia Cavalry re-crossed the icy
river and vanished as quickly as they had appeared. A Union force from
Catlettsburg was later sent out to pursue the Confederates but came back empty
handed. Some of the men who had taken to the woods, "became frozen,
especially their feet, and suffered greatly." On January 11, 1864, "A
part of the wounded left behind arrived at the Ashland Hospital, not only badly
wounded, but frostbitten.” The majority of them required amputations. According
to Catlettsburg post commander Major Rhys Thomas, twenty men had to be sent to
the hospital. </span><br />
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPV3MseULITwrCQp-vkb3v-Z9AgpWdVaaKKY_F3knpylUm0l-3ltnbvq_tAPCA6enE2sn6I2utNs9IaRxeXEnp4TRYhl7H8srzjVtzWt2rSF4gmEWrjPuTLo3E3kzIshbglIb_NCHJse6/s1600/Snow,+Creek,+2004,+IMG00083.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNPV3MseULITwrCQp-vkb3v-Z9AgpWdVaaKKY_F3knpylUm0l-3ltnbvq_tAPCA6enE2sn6I2utNs9IaRxeXEnp4TRYhl7H8srzjVtzWt2rSF4gmEWrjPuTLo3E3kzIshbglIb_NCHJse6/s1600/Snow,+Creek,+2004,+IMG00083.JPG" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Snowy Creek in Eastern Kentucky</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">In
closing, the eloquent remarks of the editor of the </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Daily Ohio Statesman</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> seem
fitting. “The New Year has come in, our brother journalists say, like a Lion -
more, we should think, like a Russian or Norwegian Bear. A little snow would
have probably moderated the intensity of this Arctic weather; but that was not vouchsafed
us. Is this rugged birth of the New Year figurative of the hardships of the
mass of people - the laboring poor - will have to endure during its existence,
or does it prefigure that, though it freezes us with its cold frowns at its
commencement, it will comfort and gladden us with sunny smiles before its
close? Let us all hope, and so labor, that we may have cause to remember and
bless the year 1864.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
same thoughts and blessings go out to everyone for the year 2014, as we look outside our
windows, shivering from yet another winter storm. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<em style="line-height: 18px;">Article researched and written by Marlitta H. Perkins, January/February 2014. Images are the author's property, unless noted otherwise. </em><em style="line-height: 18px;">Unauthorized use and/or duplication, including images, without express written notice by the author is strictly prohibited. © 2014. All Rights Reserved.</em></div>
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Marlitta H. Perkinshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16644796412058518448noreply@blogger.com5